Polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in avocado pulp (Persea americana Mill.)

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in avocado pulps, from the Northwest area of Paraná-Brazil, in order to compare the varieties on their enzymatic activity for both, minimum and industrial processing. Enzymatic extracts were prepared from avocado pulp of Choquete, Fortuna and Quintal varieties, in green and ripe maturation stage. Thermal treatment was applied with temperatures 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 °C. The enzymatic activities were determined by using spectrophotometer. A decline of polyphenoloxidase activity was observed in all of the varieties when both, temperature and time increased. Total inactivation of enzymes was not observed in the largest temperature. Fortuna and Choquete variety showed the lowest polyphenoloxidase activity in the ripe stage. Soluble peroxidase showed activity in the green stage, whereas, ionically bound peroxidase activity increased with the change from green to ripe maturation stage in Choquete variety.

Identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds extracted from Moroccan olive mill wastewater

Olive mill wastewater, hereafter noted as OMWW was tested for its composition in phenolic compounds according to geographical areas of olive tree, i.e. the plain and the mountainous areas of Tadla-Azilal region (central Morocco). Biophenols extraction with ethyl acetate was efficient and the phenolic extract from the mountainous areas had the highest concentration of total phenols' content. Fourier-Transform-Middle Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy of the extracts revealed vibration bands corresponding to acid, alcohol and ketone functions. Additionally, HPLC-ESI-MS analyses showed that phenolic alcohols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, secoiridoids and derivatives and lignans represent the most abundant phenolic compounds. Nüzhenide, naringenin and long chain polymeric substances were also detected. Mountainous areas also presented the most effective DPPH scavenging potential compared to plain areas; IC50 values were 11.7 ± 5.6 µg/ml and 30.7 ± 4.4 µg/ml, respectively. OMWW was confirmed as a rich source of natural phenolic antioxidant agents.

Separation of lignin in Pulp Mill process and its effect on sodium sulphur balance

The aim of this thesis is to define effects of lignin separation process on Pulp mill chemical balance especially on sodium/sulphur-balance. The objective is to develop a simulation model with WinGEMS Process Simulator and use that model to simulate the chemical balances and process changes. The literature part explains what lignin is and how kraft pulp is produced. It also introduces to the methods that can be used to extract lignin from black liquor stream and how those methods affect the pulping process. In experimental part seven different cases are simulated with the created simulation model. The simulations are based on selected reference mill that produces 500 000 tons of bleached air-dried (90 %) pulp per year. The simulations include the chemical balance calculation and the estimated production increase. Based on the simulations the heat load of the recovery boiler can be reduced and the pulp production increased when lignin is extracted. The simulations showed that decreasing the waste acid stream intake from the chlorine dioxide plant is an effective method to control the sulphidity level when about 10 % of lignin is extracted. With higher lignin removal rates the in-mill sulphuric acid production has been discovered to be a better alternative to the sulphidity control.

Framåt med stöd av det förflutna : religiöst historiebruk hos Anders Svedberg

Att det förflutna spelar en avgörande roll vid såväl individers som kollektivs identitetsformering är snarast ett axiom inom historiefacket. Därför är det ingen överraskning att det förflutna brukas av grupper och deras ledare i syfte att befästa och vidmakthålla den egna identiteten. Forskningen kring detta – den så kallade historiebruksforskningen – har under de senaste decennierna upplevt ett starkt uppsving inom flera discipliner i Norden, framför allt inom historia och historiedidaktik. Historiebruksforskningen har ändå försummat att i någon högre grad ta i beaktande religiösa och teologiska aspekter, liksom också de teologiska ämnena har varit dåliga på att visa intresse för historiebruksfrågor. Avhandlingen kan därför ses som ett svar på denna ömsesidiga försummelse, och som ett bidrag till det aktuella och framväxande forskningsfältet kring historiebruk och kulturellt minne. Med utgångspunkt i den österbottniske mångsysslaren Anders Svedberg (1832–1889) undersöks mer konkret begreppet ”religiöst historiebruk”. Anders Svedberg växte upp, levde och verkade i det av väckelsen starkt präglade Munsala i svenska Österbotten. Han var en man av folket som kände till dess seder, bruk och historia. Därför kunde han ösa ur dess historia när han skrev sina tidningsartiklar och när han i lantdagen talade för allmogens demokratisering. Genom anspelningar på och hänvisningar till det förflutna refererade han ofta till kyrkohistoriska händelser i sin argumentation. Men vilka händelser använde han sig av? Varför hänvisade han till just de händelserna? Hur gjorde han det och i vilket syfte? Utifrån dessa konkreta frågor ger undersökningen förslag på vad som allmänt kan tänkas karakterisera ett religiöst historiebruk. Resultaten ger vid handen att ett religiöst historiebruk – särskilt när det bygger på en religiös minnesgemenskaps kulturella texter – har en förmåga att fungera legitimerande, mobiliserande och inkluderande/exkluderande. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Menneisyydellä on merkittävä osa sekä yksilön että yhteisön identiteetin muotoutumisessa. Tämä väittämä on yleisesti tunnustettu. Siksi ei ole yllättävää että eri yhteisöt ja niiden johtajat hyödyntävät menneisyyttä vahvistaakseen ja suojellakseen omaa identiteettiään. Niin kutsuttu historian käytön tutkimus on viime vuosikymmenillä vahvistanut asemaansa monilla tieteenaloilla pohjoismaissa, erityisesti historiatieteessä ja historian didaktiikassa. Historian käytön tutkimus ei kuitenkaan oleellisesti ole huomioinut uskonnollisia tai teologisia näkökulmia. Myöskään teologiset oppiaineet eivät ole osoittaneet suurempaa kiinnostusta historian käyttöä kohtaan. Väitöstutkimus vastaa siten näihin molempiin laiminlyönteihin ja se voidaan nähdä kirkkohistoriallisena panoksena historian käytön ja kulttuurisen muistin ajankohtaiseen ja kasvavaan tutkimusalaan. Tutkimus ottaa lähtökohdakseen pohjoismaalaisen monitaiturin Anders Svedbergin (1832–1889) ja tarkastelee hänen kautta käsitettä ”uskonnollinen historiankäyttö”. Anders Svedberg varttui, eli ja toimi Munsalassa aikaan jolloin herännäisyydellä ja muilla herätysliikkeillä oli vahva jalansija alueella. Svedberg tunsi pohjoismaalaisen maalaisväestön tavat ja tottumukset sekä alueen historian. Tämän takia hän osasi hyödyntää kyseistä historiaa kirjoittaessaan lehtiartikkeleita maalaisväestölle ja ajaessaan heidän etujaan säätyvaltiopäivillä. Kirjoituksissaan ja puheissaan hän viittasi usein historiallisiin ja kirkkohistoriallisiin tapahtumiin. Mutta mihin tapahtumiin hän viittasi? Miksi hän viittasi juuri näihin tapahtumiin, miten hän sen teki ja millä tavalla? Näiden konkreettisten kysymysten avulla tutkimus pyrkii tarkastelemaan miltä uskonnollinen historiankäyttö yleisellä tasolla voi näyttää. Tutkimustulos osoittaa että uskonnollisella historiankäytöllä – varsinkin perustuessaan uskonnollisen muistiyhteisön kulttuuriseen tekstiin – on kyky legitimoida, mobilisoida sekä sisällyttää ja sulkea pois ihmisiä.

Development of modular roll service concepts

The goal of this study was to find and develop new or improved service concepts for rolls in a paper machine and secondary targets were to find out what the KPIs and values of the concepts are. Two methodologies were utilized in researching this problem; firstly sales personnel were interviewed about customer values and KPIs and a questionnaire about service modules were sent out to four BSI (basic sales item) responsible persons. Throughout the research process differences in geographic regions were identified and several customer KPIs and values were discovered. The interviews showed that the main concern for customers is the cost of operations. The goal is to produce the same or in some cases more tons with smaller operating costs. The questionnaire standardized the data about service modules and made it possible to link these values, KPIs and concerns of customers to Valmet’s service offering. Eventually these service modules were used to create a service concepts that offer flexibility, cost savings, safety and peace of mind for the customers. With this new conceptual approach Valmet can more flexibly answer to customer quotations and modify the offering to better generate customer value and customer satisfaction. In addition a new BSI was defined and proposed for pilot projects.

Continuidade ou ruptura? Uma análise de alguns aspectos da filosofia social de John Stuart Mill, Alfred Marshall e John Maynard Keynes

O artigo argumenta que é possível se falar em uma 'tradição' no campo de filosofia social e econômica unindo as obras de J.S. Mill e Alfred Marshall e J.M. Keynes. Essa 'tradição' pode ser caracterizada pelas seguintes concepções: (a) pela rejeição moral aos valores aquisitivos do capitalismo; (b) pela visão de que o sistema capitalista seria incapaz de resolver de forma espontânea as questões das desigualdades de renda e riqueza e da pobreza; (c) pela ideia de que, por uma questão de garantia de liberdade e da diversidade, além de por questões de eficiência econômica, dever-se-ia deixar a iniciativa individual agir livremente nas esferas em que é capaz de engendrar bons resultados, mas que o Estado deveria intervir, quando essa falha, atuando em benefício da coletividade; (d) pela crença de que seria possível melhorar significativamente esse sistema por meio de mudanças pontuais e graduais.

Nomes próprios gerais no contexto da semântica de J. S. Mill

O presente artigo apresenta argumentos em defesa da hipótese de que nomes próprios gerais são impossíveis no contexto da filosofia geral de Stuart Mill. Minha tese é contrária à posição de John Skorupski sobre esta questão. Ofereço dois argumentos que representam, respectivamente, duas diferentes perspectivas: pragmático e sistemático. No primeiro, analiso o problema dos nomes próprios gerais no contexto da linguagem natural. No segundo, discuto o problema no contexto interno do Sistema de Lógica de Mill.

St. Catharines Garrison Club membership roll

The St. Catharines Garrison Club list of charter members. The organization was created in 1899 for members of the military, both active and inactive.

Welland Canal Survey of Lands Mill Scibes Grand River Dam, n.d.

Survey map of the land for the Mill Scibes Grand River Dam. Created by The Welland Canal Company. Included is a drawing of the land. Noteable features include; Sulphur Creek, post, bridge, Grand River, lot divisions, inside face of embankment. Surveyor notes are seen in pencil on the map.

Residence and Grist Mill of Peter C. Servos, J.P. - Vignette

A vignette of the residence and grist mill of Peter C. Servos, J.P., Township of Niagara.

Spring Mill Distillery & Brewery - Vignette

A vignette of the Spring Mill Distillery and Brewery, Ravine, Stamford.

Order of Service for the Honour Roll Unveiling - 10 June, 1945

A dedication service program for those who gave their lives during World War II from the city of St. Catharines. The list of over 150 names was to be read aloud and an address made by the Mayor (W.J. Macdonald) with prayers and hymn to follow.

A roll of non-commissioned Officers, Drummers, & Private men enlisted for the first Battalion of the King’s Royal Regiment of New York, 1781 [photocopy]

The King’s Royal Regiment of New York was a Loyalist regiment that served on the Canadian frontier during the American Revolutionary War. The regiment was commanded by Sir John Johnson, who recruited members from the settlers on his estates in the Mohawk Valley. After the War, the two battalions of the regiment were disbanded. The First Battalion settled on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, while the Second Battalion settled by the Bay of Quinte.