Categorización fonológica por infantes de 9 a 12 meses de edad aprendices del español : Laboratorio de Infantes, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Los infantes se sensibilizan a los patrones fonológicos más constantes en el lenguaje del ambiente, aun antes de que hagan su primera asociación referencial entre los sonidos de las palabras y los significados. Esta sensibilización promueve el desarrollo de ha- bilidades perceptuales para la adquisición del lenguaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en infantes aprendices del español, las habilidades para categorizar fonológicamente palabras por la coincidencia en el inicio o final de las mismas. Usando el Procedimiento de Atención Preferencial Auditiva, se realizaron dos experimentos con infantes de 9 a 12 meses de edad. Los participantes escuchaban dos tipos de listas de palabras CVCV. Las palabras en las listas experimentales coincidían en una sílaba en particular (i.e. inicial, Experimento 1; final, Experimento 2), mientras que las palabras en las listas control no tenían regularidad alguna. Los resultados revelaron que, a pesar de la variabilidad en su sílaba contigua, los infantes aprendices del español categorizan tanto palabras que tienen un inicio en común, como aquellas que coinciden en la sílaba final. Dadas las características morfológicas del español, se discute su relación con el desarrollo de estas habilidades perceptuales

Fabrication of high frequency SAW resonators using AlN/Diamond/Si technology

The synthesis of AlN on diamond is a great challenge, not only because of the between an AlN/diamond interface, but also because of the high surface roughness of the diamond layers [8, 9]. In the case of microcrystalline diamond, the last problem was solved by polishing. However, polishing nanocrystalline diamond is not straightforward. For the diamond synthesis by CVD, silicon was used as a substrate. The diamond/Si interface presents a smoother diamond than the diamond/air interface. This paper reports on the fabrication of high frequency SAW resonators using AlN/Diamond/Si technology.

Improving the capacity of software acquisition management: An Alternative methodology

The acquisition of the information system technologies using the services of an external supplier could be the the best options to reduce the implementation and maintenance cost of software solutions, and allows a company to improve the efficient use of its resources. The focus of this paper is to outline a methodology structure for the software acquisition management. The methodology proposed in this paper is the result of the study and the convergence of the weakness and strengths of some models (CMMI, SA-CMM, ISO/IEC TR 15504, COBIT, and ITIL) that include the software acquisition process.

Sobre el sonido del fonema en la audición de niños pequeños con discapacidad en la adquisición del lenguaje = Звуковысотный и фонематический слух детей раннего возраста с отклонениями в овладении речью

According to the World Health Organization in recent years (2009-2010) was increased the number of infants who received neonatal care of various kinds. Neonatal recovery newborn further manifested in various embodiments, neurological and somatic problems. Young parents with a child with disabilities infants (HIA) pay more attention to their health and lesser to extent speech and mental development of the baby. Early detection of deficiencies in language acquisition, timely remedial and preventive effects in the most sensitive periods of its development significantly increase the efficiency of full or partial compensation of different options of development. Therefore, the present trend in modern domestic and outdoor speech therapy is of particular relevance.

Análisis de datos y modelado simbólico para aplicación de detección temprana de trastornos del lenguaje

Este Proyecto Fin de Grado trabaja en pos de la mejora y ampliación de los sistemas Pegaso y Gades, dos Sistemas Expertos enmarcados en el ámbito de la e-Salud. Estos sistemas, que ya estaban en funcionamiento antes del comienzo de este trabajo, apoyan la toma de decisiones en Atención Primaria. Esto es, permiten evaluar el nivel de adquisición del lenguaje en niños de 0 a 6 años a través de sus respectivas aplicaciones web. Además, permiten almacenar dichas evaluaciones y consultarlas posteriormente, junto con las decisiones del sistema asociadas a las mismas. Pegaso y Gades siguen una arquitectura de tres capas y están desarrollados usando fundamentalmente componentes Java y siguiendo. Como parte de este trabajo, en primer lugar se solucionan algunos problemas en el comportamiento de ambos sistemas, como su incompatibilidad con Java SE 7. A continuación, se desarrolla una aplicación que permite generar una ontología en lenguaje OWL desde código Java. Para ello, se estudia primero el concepto de ontología, el lenguaje OWL y las diferentes librerías Java existentes para generar ontologías OWL. Por otra parte, se mejoran algunas de las funcionalidades de los sistemas de partida y se desarrolla una nueva funcionalidad para la explotación de los datos almacenados en las bases de datos de ambos sistemas Esta nueva funcionalidad consiste en un módulo responsable de la generación de estadísticas a partir de los datos de las evaluaciones del lenguaje que hayan sido realizadas y, por tanto, almacenadas en las bases de datos. Estas estadísticas, que pueden ser consultadas por todos los usuarios de Pegaso y Gades, permiten establecer correlaciones entre los diversos conjuntos de datos de las evaluaciones del lenguaje. Por último, las estadísticas son mostradas por pantalla en forma de varios tipos de gráficas y tablas, de modo que los usuarios expertos puedan analizar la información contenida en ellas. ABSTRACT. This Bachelor's Thesis works towards improving and expanding the systems Pegaso and Gades, which are two Expert Systems that belong to the e-Health field. These systems, which were already operational before starting this work, support the decision-making process in Primary Care. That is, they allow to evaluate the language acquisition level in children from 0 to 6 years old. They also allow to store these evaluations and consult them afterwards, together with the decisions associated to each of them. Pegaso and Gades follow a three-tier architecture and are developed using mainly Java components. As part of this work, some of the behavioural problems of both systems are fixed, such as their incompatibility with Java SE 7. Next, an application that allows to generate an OWL ontology from Java code is developed. In order to do that, the concept of ontology, the OWL language and the different existing Java libraries to generate OWL ontologies are studied. On the other hand, some of the functionalities of the initial systems are improved and a new functionality to utilise the data stored in the databases of both systems is developed. This new functionality consists of a module responsible for the generation of statistics from the data of the language evaluations that have been performed and, thus, stored in the databases. These statistics, which can be consulted by all users of Pegaso and Gades, allow to establish correlations between the diverse set of data from the language evaluations. Finally, the statistics are presented to the user on the screen in the shape of various types of charts and tables, so that the expert users can analyse the information contained in them.

Design of equalized ROADMs devices with flexible bandwidth based on LCoS technology

This paper describes the theory, design, applications and performance of a new Reconfigurable Add-drop Multiplexer (ROADM) with flexible bandwidth allocation. The device can address several wavelengths at the input to four output fibers, according to the holograms stored in a SLM (Spatial Light Modulator), where all the outputs are equalized in power. All combinations of the input wavelengths are possible at the different output fibers. Each fiber has assigned all the signals with the same bandwidth; the possible bandwidths are 12.5GHz, 25GHz, 50GHz and 100GHz, according to ITU-T 694.1 Recommendation. It is possible to route several signals with different bandwidth in real time thanks to Liquid Crystal over Silicon (LCoS) technology.

Cerebral organization for language in deaf and hearing subjects: Biological constraints and effects of experience

Cerebral organization during sentence processing in English and in American Sign Language (ASL) was characterized by employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4 T. Effects of deafness, age of language acquisition, and bilingualism were assessed by comparing results from (i) normally hearing, monolingual, native speakers of English, (ii) congenitally, genetically deaf, native signers of ASL who learned English late and through the visual modality, and (iii) normally hearing bilinguals who were native signers of ASL and speakers of English. All groups, hearing and deaf, processing their native language, English or ASL, displayed strong and repeated activation within classical language areas of the left hemisphere. Deaf subjects reading English did not display activation in these regions. These results suggest that the early acquisition of a natural language is important in the expression of the strong bias for these areas to mediate language, independently of the form of the language. In addition, native signers, hearing and deaf, displayed extensive activation of homologous areas within the right hemisphere, indicating that the specific processing requirements of the language also in part determine the organization of the language systems of the brain.

Teaching and testing for academic achievement : the role of language development /

"Spring 1991"--Cover.

Application of infra-red techniques to military training.

"Contract Nonr 61339-759."

Application of modern technologies to international development.

A bibliography of research reports funded by the U.S. govt.

Verbal contents of repetitions in Swedish child-directed speech

Repetitions in child-directed speech (CDS) have been shown to vary over time, and are suggested to affect first language acquisition. Correlations between verbal contents of repetitions in CDS and children’s language development have been suggested. The verbal contents of repetitions in Swedish CDS have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the verbal contents of repetitions in Swedish CDS during the child’s first 2 years and possible changes in proportions of repetitions during the same time span. Verbal contents of repetitions in parents’ speech in 10 parent-child dyads as the children were 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months old were investigated focusing on word classes, sentence types and whole-constituent change. The results were compared to the children’s productive vocabularies at the age of 30 months. Possible occurrences of item-based constructions and frequent frames in the repetitions were also examined. The overall results revealed patterns concerning change in verbal contents in repetitions over time and correlations between verbal contents in repetitions and child language development. Two proposals were made: parents adjust the complexity of their speech to linguistic developmental stages of their children, and linguistic variation in the input increases as the child grows older.

Automaticity in L2 learning: Correlation between vocabulary proficiency and response time in word recognition

Automaticity (in this essay defined as short response time) and fluency in language use are closely connected to each other and some research has been conducted regarding some of the aspects involved. In fact, the notion of automaticity is still debated and many definitions and opinions on what automaticity is have been suggested (Andersson,1987, 1992, 1993, Logan, 1988, Segalowitz, 2010). One aspect that still needs more research is the correlation between vocabulary proficiency (a person’s knowledge about words and ability to use them correctly) and response time in word recognition. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to investigate this correlation using two different tests; one vocabulary size test (Paul Nation) and one lexical decision task (SuperLab) that measures both response time and accuracy. 23 Swedish students partaking in the English 7 course in upper secondary Swedish school were tested. The data were analyzed using a quantitative method where the average values and correlations from the test were used to compare the results. The correlations were calculated using Pearson’s Coefficient Correlations Calculator. The empirical study indicates that vocabulary proficiency is not strongly correlated with shorter response times in word recognition. Rather, the data indicate that L2 learners instead are sensitive to the frequency levels of the vocabulary. The accuracy (number of correct recognized words) and response times correlate with the frequency level of the tested words. This indicates that factors other than vocabulary proficiency are important for the ability to recognize words quickly.

Frequency, Form, and Distribution of Illocutionary Speech Acts in Swedish Parent-Child Interaction

In this study, young children’s development of speech acts was examined. Interaction between six Swedish-speaking parents and their children was observed. The frequency, form and distribution of speech acts in the output from the parents were compared with the frequency, form and distribution of the children’s speech acts. The frequency was measured by occurrences per analysed session. The aim of the analysis was to examine if the parent’s behaviour could be treated as a baseline for the child’s development. Both the parents’ and the children’s illocutionary speech acts were classified. Each parent-child dyad was observed at four different occasions, when the children were 1;0, 1;6, 2;0, and 2;6 years of age. Similar studies have previously shown that parents keep a consistent frequency of speech acts within a given time span of interaction, though the distribution of different types of speech acts may shift, depending on contextual factors. The form, in terms of Mean Length of Speech Act in Words (MLSAw), were correlated with the longitudinal result of the children’s MLSAw. The distribution of the parents’ speech acts showed extensive individual differences. The result showed that the children’s MLSAw move significantly closer the MLSAw of their parents. Since the parent’s MLSAw showed a wide distribution, these results indicate that the parent’s speech acts can be treated as a baseline for certain aspects of the children’s development, though further studies are needed.

A funny thing happened on the way to the forum: Electronic discussion and foreign language learning

Amongst the opportunities for cross-cultural contact created by the burgeoning use of the Internet are those provided by electronic discussion lists. This study looks at what happens when language students venture out of the classroom (virtual or otherwise) to participate in on-line discussion groups with native speakers. Responses to messages and commentary by moderators and other participants on the (in) appropriateness of contributions allow us to determine what constitutes successful participation and to make suggestions regarding effective teaching strategies for this medium. A case study examines the threads started by four anglophone students of French when they post messages to a forum on the Web site of the French newspaper Le Monde. Investigation of these examples points to the ways in which electronic discussion inflects and is inflected by cultural and generic expectations. We suggest that successful participation on Internet fora depends on awareness of such cultural and generic mores and an ability to work within and/or with them. Teachers therefore need to find ways in which students can be sensitized to such issues so that their participation in such electronic discussion is no longer seen as linguistic training, but as engagement with a cultural practice.

Between the input and the acquisition lies the shadow

Acquisition by Processing Theory (APT) is a unified account of language processing and learning that encompasses both L1 and L2 acquisition. Bold in aim and broad in scope, the proposal offers parsimony and comprehensiveness, both highly desirable in a theory of language acquisition. However, the sweep of the proposal is accompanied by an economy of description that makes it difficult to evaluate the validity of key learning claims, or even how literally they are to be interpreted. Two in particular deserve comment; the first concerns the learning mechanisms responsible for adding new L2 grammatical information, and the second the theoretical and empirical status of the activation concept used in the model.