Distribution characteristics of (CS)-C-137 in wind-eroded soil profile and its use in estimating wind erosion modulus

Due to its inert reaction in soil system and distinctive vertical distribution in soil profile, caesium-137 (Cs-137) has been used as a tracer to assess wind erosion. In this study, 62 soil samples were collected from 4 sampling sites in Taipusi County, Inner Mongolia; Caesium-137 activities for those soil samples were measured using a gamma-ray spectrometry in Sichuan University, Chengdu. Distribution pattern of Cs-137 in vertical soil profile was different for different land use and land cover types. Caesium-137 was distributed homogeneously in plow layer of cropland, and negatively exponential in low to medium cover grassland. Distribution pattern in high covered grassland was represented by a peak at 2-4 cm soil depth followed by a negative exponential curve. Based on those findings, simplified mass balance model was chosen to estimate the rate of wind erosion for cropland, while profile distribution model was used for grassland. Estimated wind erosion rates were 7990, 4270 and 1808 Mg(.)km(-2.)a(-1) for cropland, low cover grassland and medium cover grassland, respectively. Wind erosion intensity correlated negatively with plant cover.

Environmental Kuznets Curve for SO_2 Emissions in China

This study examines the link between the economic growth and the environmental quality. Based on a panel data set, a N-shaped Environmental Kuzents Curve has been found for the sample period: a cubic relationship between per capita GDP and emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2). We also find that energy consumption is an important determinant of environmental degradation. The empirical results suggest that we should promote environmental protection as soon as possible.

Enhanced luminescence of BPO4 by mixing with SiO2 and Al2O3

In this paper, BPO4-xSiO(2) (X: SiO2/BPO4 molar ratio, 0-70%) and BPO4-xAl(2)O(3) (X: Al2O3/BPO4 molar ratio, 0-20%) powder samples were prepared by the Pechini-type sol-gel (PSG) process using glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) as additives. The structure and optical properties of the resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), diffuse reflection spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, kinetic decay, and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), respectively. It was found that the Pechini-type sol-gel-derived BPO4-xSiO(2) annealed at 1000 degrees C and BPO4-xAl(2)O(3) annealed at 960 degrees C exhibited bright bluish-white emissions centered at 428 and 413 nm, respectively. The luminescence decay curve analysis indicates that each sample has two kinds of lifetimes (more than 0.4 ms and less than 10 ns) and two types of kinetic decay behaviors, which can be fitted into a double-exponential function and a single-exponential function, respectively.

Calculating the equation of state parameters and predicting the spinodal curve of isotactic polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blend by molecular dynamics simulations combined with Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory

Molecular dynamics simulations are adopted to calculate the equation of state characteristic parameters P*, rho*, and T* of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and poly(ethylene-co-octene) (PEOC), which can be further used in the Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory (SLLFT) to describe the respective physical properties. The calculated T* is a function of the temperature, which was also found in the literature. To solve this problem, we propose a Boltzmann fitting of the data and obtain T* at the high-temperature limit. With these characteristic parameters, the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data of iPP and PEOC are predicted by the SLLFT equation of state. To justify the correctness of our results, we also obtain the PVT data for iPP and PEOC by experiments. Good agreement is found between the two sets of data. By integrating the Euler-Lagrange equation and the Cahn-Hilliard relation, we predict the density profiles and the surface tensions for iPP and PEOC, respectively. Furthermore, a recursive method is proposed to obtain the characteristic interaction energy parameter between iPP and PEOC. This method, which does not require fitting to the experimental phase equilibrium data, suggests an alternative way to predict the phase diagrams that are not easily obtained in experiments.

Downhill kinetics of biomolecular interface binding: Globally connected scenario

We study the kinetics of the biomolecular binding process at the interface using energy landscape theory. The global kinetic connectivity case is considered for a downhill funneled energy landscape. By solving the kinetic master equation, the kinetic time for binding is obtained and shown to have a U-shape curve-dependence on the temperature. The kinetic minimum of the binding time monotonically decreases when the ratio of the underlying energy gap between native state and average non-native states versus the roughness or the fluctuations of the landscape increases. At intermediate temperatures,fluctuations measured by the higher moments of the binding time lead to non-Poissonian, non-exponential kinetics. At both high and very low temperatures, the kinetics is nearly Poissonian and exponential.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LANTHANUM AND SUM OF OTHER LIGHT RARE-EARTHS BY FLEXIBLE TOLERANCE SIMPLEX-METHOD

The absorptivities of color elements in a mixture can be obtained by using Gauas' elimination with selection of principal element in matrix to the standards. These values can be applied to flexible tolerance simplex method to give the composition of samples. In the exprimental design and data treatment, an effort was made to minimize the errors of results according the principal of optimization. When the difference of absorptivities of color material is significant to the exprimental error, the pr...

Feeding level-scaled retention efficiency, growth and energy partitioning of a marine detritivorous fish, redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila T. & S.)

The effects of feeding level on growth, retention efficiency, faeces production and energy partitioning of redlip mullet were studied. A practical diet was used and fed at six levels from starvation, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% of body weight (BW) to satiation for 3 weeks. The temperature was kept at 24 +/- 1 degrees C. Reducing the feeding amount resulted in significantly lower weight gain, and retention efficiency was significantly affected by feeding levels and attained the maximum at maximum feeding intake. Feeding 2% BW was the minimum required for fish to maintain growth. Fish carcass composition under different feeding levels could be divided into three groups: (1) starvation and FL1; (2) FL2 and FL3 and (3) FL4 and satiation, with significant differences among the groups but no differences in the groups except that ash content remained at constant value. Body composition of fish of group 2 was close to initial fish. The thermal-unit coefficient was 0.0381 at satiation, and significantly increased with increasing feeding levels. In order to accurately estimate basal metabolism (HeE), another trial on the relationship between HeE (kJ) and BW (g) was carried out. An exponential curve as HeE=0.1255BW(0.8386) explained this relationship. Intake energy (IE) increased from 11.30 to 63.08 kJ per fish, matching with different feeding levels. Energy allocated to growth of IE decreased with reducing feeding amount. There was a linear relationship between metabolism energy and retention energy in percentage.

Global Translation Preferred Active Contour

具有全局平移优先属性的主动轮廓更适于目标跟踪。演化轮廓具有的全局平移优先性可以理解为沿轮廓的速度场具有相等的倾向。根据此思想,通过定义在曲线扰动集合上的新内积空间导出了一种简单,具有平移优先的梯度流。新的内积空间由于是通过向H0主动轮廓对应的內积空间引入曲线扰动的方差获得,所以此主动轮廓称为方差主动轮廓。方差主动轮廓是将H0主动轮廓与其对应的平均梯度流通过加权求和获得,而H1主动轮廓则是通过H0主动轮廓与特定类型的核函数进行卷积得到。因此方差主动轮廓实现时更简单和快速。最后给出了H0,H1和方差主动轮廓在频域与时域的分析。

三种权重赋值方法下项目的权重决策

It is a weighting process to justify the importance of different items. This paper is about how the estimator distributes profiling the weights to different items. This paper is about using design of psychological experiment to figure out the profiles of the weights of different ranked items in three weighting methods, and in the experiment we use five topics as experimental materials. At the same time, we controlled the factors such as the familiarity about the topic and the number of items. Then we use the curve estimation to figure out the exact profiles and use ANOVA to test the topic effects. Curve estimation result shows that there is difference between the profiles of the weights of different ranking items in three weighting methods. To PA, the weighting profile is logarithmic curving style, and to DR, the weighting profile is linear style. ANOVA result shows that there are topic effects to different weighting profiles. But to go ahead, when we use point allocation (PA) to the more important items, the topics seems to have little effects. The methods have relatively more effect than the topics. The result also indicates that to PA methods, there is no significant difference the weight profiles between the fix-sum and the open-sum. This result has a contribution to the basic research to the management science and social science.

Basis Reduction Algorithms and Subset Sum Problems

This thesis investigates a new approach to lattice basis reduction suggested by M. Seysen. Seysen's algorithm attempts to globally reduce a lattice basis, whereas the Lenstra, Lenstra, Lovasz (LLL) family of reduction algorithms concentrates on local reductions. We show that Seysen's algorithm is well suited for reducing certain classes of lattice bases, and often requires much less time in practice than the LLL algorithm. We also demonstrate how Seysen's algorithm for basis reduction may be applied to subset sum problems. Seysen's technique, used in combination with the LLL algorithm, and other heuristics, enables us to solve a much larger class of subset sum problems than was previously possible.

Volume-Time Curve: An Alternative for Endotracheal Tube Cuff Management

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous studies on endotracheal tube cuff pressure (CP) management, the literature has yet to establish a technique capable of adequately tilling the cuff with an appropriate volume of air while generating low CP in a less subjective way. the purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate and compare the CP levels and air volume required to fill the endotracheal tubes cuff using 2 different techniques (volume-time curve versus minimal occlusive volume) in the immediate postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: A total of 267 subjects were analyzed. After the surgery, the lungs were ventilated using pressure controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, and the same ventilatory parameters were adjusted. Upon arrival in the ICU, the cuff was completely deflated and re-inflated, and at this point the volume of air to fill the cuff was adjusted using one of 2 randomly selected techniques: volume-time curve and minimal occlusive volume. We measured the volume of air injected into the cuff, the CP, and the expired tidal volume of the mechanical ventilation after the application of each technique. RESULTS: the volume-time curve technique demonstrated a significantly lower CP and a lower volume of air injected into the cuff, compared to the minimal occlusive volume technique (P < .001). No significant difference was observed in the expired tidal volume between the 2 techniques (P = .052). However, when the subjects were submitted to the minimal occlusive volume technique, 17% (n = 47) experienced air leakage as observed by the volume-time graph. CONCLUSIONS: the volume-time curve technique was associated with a lower CP and a lower volume of air injected into the cuff, when compared to the minimal occlusive volume technique in the immediate postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting. Therefore, the volume-time curve may be a more reliable alternative for endotracheal tube cuff management.

Mast Cell Curve-Response in Partial Achilles Tendon Rupture After 830 nm Phototherapy

Objective: the aim of this study was to quantify mast cells at different time intervals after partial Achilles tendon rupture in rats treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Background data: There is a high incidence of lesions and ruptures in the Achilles tendon that can take weeks and even months to heal completely. As the mast cells help in the healing repair phase, and LLLT has favorable effects on this tissue repair process, study of this modality on the quantity of mastocytes in the ruptured tendon is relevant. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were subjected to partial Achilles' tendon rupture by direct trauma, randomized into 10 groups, and then divided into the group treated with 80mW aluminum gallium arsenide infrared laser diode, continuous wave, 2.8W/cm(2) power density, 40J/cm(2) energy density, and 1.12J total energy, and the simulation group. Both the groups were subdivided according to the histological assessment period of the sample, either 6h, 12h, 24h, 2 days, or 3 days after the rupture, to quantify the mastocytes in the Achilles' tendon. Results: the group subjected to LLLT presented a greater quantity of mastocytes in the periods of 6h, 12h, 24h, 2 days, and 3 days after rupture, compared with the simulation groups, but differences were detected between the sample assessment periods only in the simulation group. Conclusions: LLLT was shown to increase the quantity of mastocytes in the assessment periods compared with the simulation groups.