956 resultados para chemical water treatment


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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este trabalho consiste em avaliar a eficiência de novas alternativas de uso com as espécies naturais do quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus), da semente de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speng) e da semente de olho-de-dragão (Adenanthera pavonina L.) conhecido também como falso angico, pulverizados com granulometria de 0,074 mm, para tratamento de água como polímeros naturais auxiliar de floculação na remoção principalmente dos parâmetros turbidez e cor para fins industriais, através de tratamento em ensaio no mecanismo de varredura utilizando o equipamento estático de bancada Jar Test com adição de coagulante químico (sulfato de alumínio). O pó dos polímeros foi obtido após higienização, secagem, trituração, moagem, peneiramento, e utilizado no processo de coagulação, floculação e sedimentação para testar a eficiência de cada um, quando usado só e quando usado em conjunto com o coagulante químico, seguido da análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos pH, turbidez, cor aparente, cor verdadeira e temperatura. Os resultados mostraram que o polímero do quiabo apresentou melhor eficiência na remoção da turbidez e cor em relação às mesmas dosagens usadas com os demais polímeros analisados e quando se fez a redução da dosagem do coagulante usado em conjunto com os polímeros, observou uma ótima remoção da turbidez, principalmente com o conjunto coagulante e polímero de quiabo, com a eficiência de remoção de 94% da turbidez e de 98% da cor com dosagem ótima do quiabo igual a 1,0 mg/L e do coagulante de 10 mg/L. Portanto é possível fazer uma redução da dosagem do coagulante quando usado em conjunto com o auxiliar de floculação, pois o polímero de quiabo pode ser usado para tratamento de água e frente à possibilidade de múltiplos usos econômicos e ecológicos na indústria.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Currently exists a growing concern for the preservation of the environment Around the world, the environmental awareness in Brazil has strengthened during the past two decades. This concern in Brazil arises from the creation of mechanisms of supervision and punishment on the part of the environmental agencies. In order to meet the pertinent legislation many public and private companies have performed dehydration of waste generated in the process of treatment of industrial effluents, waste water and water treatment in order to reduce transport and disposal costs. The use of geotextile tubes has proven technically and economically feasible to be applied in various situations from water treatment to mining tailings. This work presents the solution adopted for an environmental liability in water treatment plant through the use of geotextile tubes to reduce the water content of the disposal. We evaluated the size distribution curves, Atterberg limits, and chemical composition of the residue. Found high concentrations of aluminum in the waste which would characterize environmental pollution if disposed off directly in nature with no treatment

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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We have optimized an SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS method and used it to monitor disperse azo dyes in environmental aquatic samples. Calibration curves constructed for nine disperse dyes-Red 1, Violet 93, Blue 373, Orange 1, Orange 3, Orange 25, Yellow 3, Yellow 7 and Red 13-in aqueous solution presented good linearity between 2.0 and 100.0 ng mL(-1). The method provided limits of detection and quantification around 2.0 and 8.0 ng L(-1), respectively. For dyes at concentrations of 25.0 ng mL(-1), the intra- and interday analyses afforded relative standard deviation lower than 6 and 13%, respectively. The recovery values obtained for each target analyte in Milli-Q water, receiving waters and treated water samples spiked with the nine studied dyes at concentrations of 8.0, 25.0 and 50.0 ng L(-1) (n = 3) gave average recoveries greater than 70%, with RSD <20%. Statistical evaluation aided method validation. The validated method proved to be useful for analysis of organic extracts from effluents and receiving water samples after an SPE extraction step. More specifically, the method enabled detection of the dyes Disperse Red 1, Disperse Blue 373 and Disperse Violet 93 at concentrations ranging from 84 to 3452 ng L(-1) in the treated effluent (TE), affluent and points collected upstream and downstream of the drinking water treatment plant of a textile dye industry in Brazil.

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Ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in the formulation of personal care products (PCPs) to prevent damage to the skin, lips, and hair caused by excessive UV radiation. Therefore, large amounts of these substances are released daily into the aquatic environment through either recreational activities or the release of domestic sewage. The concern regarding the presence of such substances in the environment and the exposure of aquatic organisms is based on their potential for bioaccumulation and their potential as endocrine disruptors. Although there are several reports regarding the occurrence and fate of UV filters in the aquatic environment, these compounds are still overlooked in tropical areas. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of the organic UV filters benzophenone-3 (BP-3), ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and octocrylene (OC) in six water treatment plants in various cities in Southeast Brazil over a period of 6 months to 1 year. All of the UV filters studied were detected at some time during the sampling period; however, only EHMC and BP-3 were found in quantifiable concentrations, ranging from 55 to 101 and 18 to 115 ng L(-1), respectively. Seasonal variation of BP-3 was most clearly noticed in the water treatment plant in Araraquara, São Paulo, where sampling was performed for 12 months. BP-3 was not quantifiable in winter but was quantifiable in summer. The levels of BP-3 were in the same range in raw, treated and chlorinated water, indicating that the compound was not removed by the water treatment process.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)