239 resultados para Vulvovaginal candidiasis


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Three distinct isolates of Candida albicans were used to establish systemic and oral infections in inbred mice that are genetically resistant or susceptible to tissue damage. Patterns of infection differed significantly between both yeasts and mouse strains. Systemic infection conferred significant protection against re-challenge with the homologous, but not the heterologous yeast; however, the protective effect was more evident in the tissue-susceptible CBA/CaH mice than in the resistant BALB/c strain. In contrast, oral infection induced protection against both homologous and heterologous oral challenge, although this was significant only in the CBA/CaH mice. CBA/CaH mice produced antibodies of both IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses, whereas BALB/c mice produced predominantly IgG1. Western blotting demonstrated considerable differences between epitopes recognised by serum antibodies from mice of both strains after immunisation with each of the three yeasts. Thus, different strains of yeast show considerable specificity in antibody responses elicited by either systemic or oral infection. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

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Adult patients with hematologic malignancies along with HIV infected patients were prospectively studied to determine the performance of urine D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol (DA/LA) ratio in diagnosing invasive candidiasis. Ten evaluable febrile neutropenic patients had proven invasive candidiasis and elevated DA/LA ratios were found in 5. Invasive candidiasis with normal DA/LA ratios was most frequently due to Candida krusei infection. This Candida species is a non-producer of arabinitol. Only 4 of 81 febrile neutropenic patients given either antifungal prophylaxis or empiric antifungal treatment had elevated DA/LA ratios. Only 1 of 15 HIV positive patients with either oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis had elevated DA/LA ratios. Widespread use of fluconazole prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation patients at the study hospital has led to an increased prevalence of C. krusei infection. This is the likely reason for the low sensitivity of the test in proven and suspected invasive Candida infections reported here. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

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Inaccurate diagnosis of vulvovaginitis generates inadequate treatments that cause damages women's health. Objective: evaluate the effectiveness of methods when diagnosing vulvovaginitis. Method: a cross-sectional study was performed with 200 women who complained about vaginal discharge. Vaginal smear was collected for microbiological tests, considering the gram stain method as gold standard. The efficacy of the available methods for diagnosis of vaginal discharge was assessed (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value). Data were inserted to Graphpad Prism 6, for statistical analysis. Results: the following results were obtained: wet mount for vaginal candidiasis: sensitivity = 31%; specificity = 97%; positive predictive value (PPV) = 54%; negative predictive value (NPV) =93%; accuracy = 91%. Wet mount for bacterial vaginosis: sensitivity = 80%; specificity =95%; positive predictive value (PPV) = 80%; negative predictive value (NPV) = 95%; accuracy = 92%. Syndromic approach for bacterial vaginosis: sensitivity = 95%; specificity=43%; positive predictive value (PPV) =30%; negative predictive value (NPV) = 97%; accuracy = 54%. Syndromic approach for vaginal candidiasis: sensitivity = 75%; specificity =91%; positive predictive value (PPV) = 26%; negative predictive value (NPV) = 98%; accuracy = 90%. Pap smear for vaginal candidiasis: sensitivity = 68%, specificity = 98%; positive predictive value (PPV) = 86%; negative predictive value (NPV) =96%; accuracy = 96%. Pap smear for bacterial vaginosis: sensitivity = 75%; specificity = 100%; positive predictive value (PPV) = 100%; negative predictive value (NPV) =94%; accuracy = 95%. There was only one case of vaginal trichomoniasis reported – diagnosed by oncological cytology and wet mount – confirmed by Gram. The syndromic approach diagnosed it as bacterial vaginosis. From the data generated and with support on world literature, the Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco’s vulvovaginitis protocol was constructed. Conclusion: Pap smear and wet mount showed respectively low and very low sensitivity for vaginal candidiasis. Syndromic approach presented very low specificity and accuracy for bacterial vaginosis, which implies a large number of patients who are diagnosed or treated incorrectly.

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Candidiasis is a major oral manifestation in kidney transplant patients. Candida spp. possess essential virulence factors which contribute for the infectious process, including the ability to adhere to epithelial cells and biofilm formation. The extract obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora [acetone: water (7:3, v/v)] has demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida spp. This study evaluated the influence of the extract of E. uniflora in adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC) and biofilm formation of 42 strains of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients. Candida spp. strains belonging to a culture collection were reactivated and phenotypically re-identified by classical and molecular methods (genotyping ABC and RAPD), when necessary, to complete the identification to the species level. For the virulence tests evaluated in vitro, yeasts were grown in the presence and absence of 1000 g/mL of the extract. A ratio of 10: 1 (Candida spp. cells x HBECs) was incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C, 200 rpm, fixed with 10% formalin and the number of Candida cells adhered to 150 HBEC determined by optical microscope. Biofilms were formed on polystyrene microplates in the presence or absence of the extract. The quantification was performed with crystal violet staining at 570 nm. All isolates were viable and exhibited phenotypic characteristics suggestive of each species identified. Two strains presumptively identified as Candida dubliniensis belonged to this species as determined with genotyping ABC, while strains identified as belonging to the Candida parapsilosis species complex were differentiated by RAPD genotyping. Candida albicans was found to be the most adherent species to the buccal epithelia, while C. tropicalis showed remarkable biofilm formation.We could detect that the extract of E. uniflora was able to reduce adhesion to HBEC for both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans Candida species. On the other hand, only 16 Candida spp. strains (36 %) showed reduced biofilm formation. However, two highly biofilm producer strains of C. tropicalis had an expressive reduction in biofilm formation. This study reinforces the idea that besides growth inhibition, E. uniflora may interfere with the expression of some virulence factors of Candida spp., and may be possibly applied in the future as a novel antifungal agent.

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Las infecciones por hongos se han convertido en un tema de gran preocupación en todo el mundo, se estima que más de 40 millones de personas sufren infecciones por hongos, tanto en países desarrollados como en países en vías de desarrollo (Güngör, et al., 2013). Las micosis superficiales se encuentran entre las formas más frecuentes de infecciones en los humanos. Se estima que afectan un 20-25 % de la población mundial y su incidencia está constantemente en aumento (Vena, et al., 2012) (Havlickova, et al., 2008) (Das, et al., 2007). Actualmente, este tipo de infecciones son un frecuente motivo de consulta para el médico de familia (Hernández, et al., 2014) y el dermatólogo. Lo cual nos obliga a permanecer constantemente actualizados La candidiasis es la micosis emergente con mayor efecto en el ser humano debido a su frecuencia y a la gravedad de sus complicaciones (López-Martínez, R., 2010). La candidiasis superficial es una de las formas clínicas más comunes. Es característicamente crónica y recurrente, y, a veces, indica el comienzo de las formas graves de esta micosis (Pappas, et al., 2009). Las levaduras del género Candida son microorganismos pertenecientes a la microbiota normal de individuos sanos, principalmente en la mucosa oral, el tracto gastrointestinal y el tracto genitourinario femenino (Shao, et al., 2007). Sin embargo, estos hongos son responsables de diferentes manifestaciones clínicas, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, que van desde infecciones de la piel y mucosas a infecciones sistémicas (Sardi, et al., 2013). Su importancia viene de la alta frecuencia con que colonizan e infectan el huésped humano (De Bernardis, et al., 2004), siendo el cuarto patógeno más común asociado con los casos de infección nosocomial (Wisplinghoff, et al., 2004)...

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Os distúrbios alimentares traduzem-se em comportamentos, quer pela falta, quer pelo excesso da ingestão de alimentos, sendo a anorexia nervosa e a bulimia as que mais frequentemente se verificam na população. O crescente aumento destes distúrbios, nomeadamente a obsessão pelos corpos magros, está relacionada com o impacto que os media têm na sociedade, uma vez que a magreza é vista como mecanismo de atracção sexual e de integração social. O diagnóstico das desordens alimentares não é fácil de ser efectuado, dado que os sinais são muitas vezes omitidos/ocultados pelos indivíduos. Os médicos dentistas podem ter um papel importante na sua detecção, dadas as manifestações precoces das alterações alimentares na cavidade oral. Há diversos sintomas comuns aos dois distúrbios alimentares como a erosão dentária, a hipersensibilidade dentinária, a hipertrofia das glândulas salivares e consequente hipossalivação, a cárie dentária, a doença periodontal, as mucosites, a candidíase oral e a queilite angular. Resultante do vómito induzido, há o aporte de ácido proveniente do conteúdo gástrico que induz alterações estruturais do esmalte e dentina, facilitando o processo de desgaste erosivo. Os fenómenos erosivos são uma das manifestações orais mais evidentes dos distúrbios alimentares. O conhecimento dos sinais, sintomas e da forma de evolução da erosão dentária, é imprescindível, e acaba por diferenciar a atuação profissional que possibilita um diagnóstico eficaz e o tratamento correto. A elaboração desta dissertação tem como objectivo reforçar a informação sobre estes fenómenos para que possam ser mais eficazmente prevenidos, diagnosticados e controlados/tratados. Para tal efectuou-se uma pesquisa na B-On, Medline/PubMed, sciELO, RCAAP e em livros, de informação válida sobre o tema. Interpôs-se limitação temporal e usaram-se as seguintes palavras-chave na seleção de artigos: “Dental erosion”, “Erosive wear”, “Anorexia”, “Bulimia”, “Eating disorders”.

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Estudio descriptivo, se revisó y recolectó la información necesaria obtenidas de las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de V.I.H.(+) en el departamento de clínica. Para el análisis estadístico: se utilizó los programas S.P.S.S. versión 10.0 para Windows y Microsoft Excel 2007, en la presentación de los datos se utilizó cuadros y gráficos en correspondencia con el tipo de variable y asociación que se deseó. Resultados: de un total de 7709 hospitalizados, 200 pacientes se encontraron infectados con V.I.H.(+), de los cuales 81 pacientes presentaron afección respiratoria, el 78de estos correspondió a los hombres, la mayoría se encontró entre los 26-35 años, la mortalidad se presentó en el 27,16; en los datos demográficos se encontró que los residentes de la sierra, católicos, solteros, un tipo de educación secundaria, la actividad manual sobresalían en los grupos de los pacientes; las principales patologías encontradas fueron Candidiasis Orofaríngea, Neumonía por P. Jirovecii, Tuberculosis Pulmonar y Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad. Se encontraron patrones en Radiología y Linfocitos CD4+ según principales patologías respiratorias. Conclusiones: el sexo masculino es el más frecuente dentro de los 81 pacientes V.I.H. que presentaron patologías respiratorias en el área de clínica, donde el sexo masculino fue el más frecuente, se presentó mortalidad alta en las primeras dos semanas de hospitalización, los datos demográficos son semejantes a nuestra región, la Candidiasis Oral y neumonía por P. Jirovecii fueron las principales afecciones en vías aéreas superior e inferior respectivamente, se encontró relación entre características radiológicas y linfocitos C.D.4+ asociadas con infecciones respiratorias en pacientes con VIH/SIDA

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La investigación se realizó en la población con los adultos mayores del Asilo San Antonio y Casa de la Misericordia de la Ciudad de San Miguel, en el período de Junio a Julio de 2015. El Objetivo de la investigación fue aislar e identificar Candida albicans en muestras de la cavidad oral, mediante el uso del agar cromogénico de la población interna del Asilo San Antonio y Casa de la Misericordia de la Ciudad de San Miguel. El diseño metodológico es de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, y de laboratorio, para el cual se tomaron 61 muestras de la cavidad oral de los internos en el Asilo San Antonio y Casa de la Misericordia de la Ciudad de San Miguel a través de un hisopado bucal con el que se realizó un examen directo al fresco con Solución Salina estéril al 0.85% en la búsqueda de levaduras; posteriormente se procedió a sembrar en el agar cromogénico Brilliance Candida, para observar el crecimiento de colonias verdes, las cuales indican la presencia de Candida albicans, como agente causal de Candidiasis oral. Resultados: De las 61 muestras procesadas a 26 se les aisló e identificó Candida albicas con un porcentaje de 42.7%. De los 22 adultos mayores que presentaban lesiones sugestivas a candidiasis oral a 20 se les aisló e identificó Candida albicans de los cuales 15 (88.2%) pertenecen al Asilo San Antonio y 5 (100%) pertenecen a la Casa de la Misericordia. De los 10 adultos mayores que reportaron que no practican el aseo bucal se les aisló e identificó Candida albicans a 3 (33.3%) de ellos que se encuentran en el Asilo San Antonio. A 5 internos que reportaron practicar algunas veces el aseo bucal también se les aisló e identificó Candida albicans, 4 (44.4%) pertenecen al Asilo San Antonio y 1 (50%) a la Casa de la Misericordia. De los 18 adultos mayores que usan prótesis dentales a 7 (53.8%) se les aisló e identificó Candida albicans en el Asilo San Antonio y en la Casa de la Misericordia a 5 (100%) internos se les aisló e identificó Candida albicans. De 35 adultos mayores que reportaron que usan antibiótico a 14 (46.7%) que se encuentran en el Asilo San Antonio se les aisló e identificó Candida albicans. Con respecto Casa de la Misericordia de los 5 (100%) que reportaron que usan antibiótico no se les aisló Candida albicans. En 16 (26.2%) muestras no se observó crecimiento de ninguna especie de Candida. Conclusiones: Se estudió a la población interna del Asilo San Antonio y Casa de La Misericordia debido a que los adultos mayores son vulnerables a las infecciones por hongos oportunistas ya que su sistema inmunológico se encuentra disminuido unido a una serie de factores predisponentes, como el uso de prótesis dentales, antibióticos, mal higiene bucal y diabetes. Mediante el uso del agar Brilliance Candida se logró diferenciar otras especies del género Candida como Candida tropicalis 26.2%, Candida krusei 3.3% y Candida glabrata 1.6%. De acuerdo a estos resultados y las conclusiones de la investigación se plantean algunas recomendaciones orientadas principalmente al personal de salud para brindar apoyo a este tipo de estudios.

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Herbal medications are becoming increasingly popular but a most-extraordinary claim by traditional/herbal medical practitioners relates to a Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus , which has been depicted as a deadly sexually transmitted disease that manifest in the form of worms and other symptoms; with contributory roles including infertility, sexual dysfunction and impotency. They further boasted that they are the only ones that possessed the remedy (herbal) for the Staphylococcus sexually transmitted scourge. In the absence of distinguishing phenotypic taxonomic tools, Staphylococcus and Candida spp. may be confused for each other. However, Staphylococcus is a bacterium and not an infection; therefore, there must be more to the traditional medical practitioners’ boasts in ability to cure an infection that was not an infection in the first place. In conclusion, the common sense is that candiaemia or candidiasis is most likely the misdiagnosed sexually transmitted Staphylococcus disease, which is of significant human clinical health issue.

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This study evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile and the production of potential virulence attributes in a clinical strain of Candida nivariensis for the first time in Brazil, as identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 region and D1/D2 domains of the 28S of the rDNA. For comparative purposes, tests were also performed with reference strains. All strains presented low planktonic minimal inhibitory concentrations (PMICs) to amphotericin B (AMB), caspofungin (CAS), and voriconazole. However, our strain showed elevated planktonic MICs to posaconazole (POS) and itraconazole, in addition to fluconazole resistance. Adherence to inert surfaces was conducted onto glass and polystyrene. The biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility on biofilmgrowing cells were evaluated by crystal violet staining and a XTT reduction assay. All fungal strains were able to bind both tested surfaces and form biofilm, with a binding preference to polystyrene (p < 0.001). AMB promoted significant reductions (≈50%) in biofilm production by our C. nivariensis strain using both methodologies. This reduction was also observed for CAS and POS, but only in the XTT assay. All strains were excellent protease producers and moderate phytase producers, but lipases were not detected. This study reinforces the pathogenic potential of C. nivariensis and its possible resistance profile to the azolic drugs generally used for candidiasis management.

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The effectiveness of macrophages in the response to systemic candidiasis is crucial to an effective clearance of the pathogen. The secretion of proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and lipids through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is one of the mechanisms of communication between immune cells. EVs change their cargo to mediate different responses, and may play a role in the response against infections. Thus, we have undertaken the first quantitative proteomic analysis on the protein composition of THP1 macrophages-derived EVs during the interaction with Candida albicans. This study revealed changes in EVs sizes and in protein composition, and allowed the identification and quantification of 717 proteins. Of them, 133 proteins changed their abundance due to the interaction. The differentially abundant proteins were involved in functions relating to immune response, signaling, or cytoskeletal reorganization. THP1-derived EVs, both from control and from Candida-infected macrophages, had similar effector functions on other THP1-differenciated macrophages, activating ERK and p38 kinases, and increasing both the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the candidacidal activity; while in THP1 non-differenciated monocytes, only EVs from infected macrophages increased significantly the TNF-α secretion. Our findings provide new information on the role of macrophage-derived EVs in response to C. albicans infection and in macrophages communication.

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Candida albicans es un importante patógeno oportunista en humanos, que puede causar distintos tipos de infecciones, desde micosis superficiales hasta sistémicas. La candidiasis invasiva es una enfermedad que puede causar mortalidad en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Para causar daño en el hospedador, C. albicans cuenta con una serie de factores de virulencia. Entre ellos destaca la capacidad de cambiar su forma de crecimiento de levadura a hifa. La superficie celular es la estructura más externa de la célula y el punto de contacto entre el hongo y el hospedador. Las proteínas de superficie tienen un papel importante en la integridad estructural de la célula y en la adherencia e invasión de células del hospedador. Una de las proteínas localizadas en la superficie celular es Ecm33, una proteína de pared celular con anclaje glicosilfosfatidilinositol (GPI). La deleción de esta proteína afecta a la morfología tanto de levaduras como de hifas, dando como resultado células con la pared celular alterada y virulencia reducida tanto en condiciones in vitro como in vivo. El secretoma o las proteínas secretadas por C. albicans son también relevantes en la interacción patógeno-hospedador. C. albicans secreta muchas proteínas importantes relacionadas con diferentes procesos, entre los que se incluyen la formación de biofilms, la adquisición de nutrientes y el mantenimiento de la integridad de la pared celular. Muchas de estas proteínas secretadas, como las pertenecientes a las familias de aspartil proteasas (Sap) y la familia de fosfolipasas B (Plb), también han sido detectadas en la pared celular, ya que deben pasar a través de ella en su tránsito hacia el medio extracelular. Estas proteínas tienen un péptido señal en el extremo N-terminal que es el responsable de dirigirlas a la ruta clásica de secreción. Sin embargo, cerca de un tercio de las proteínas identificadas en el medio extracelular de C. albicans no poseen dicho péptido señal en su secuencia...