303 resultados para Ventiladores pulmonares


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Contexto: A paracoccidioidomicose é uma doença de apresentação clínica polimórfica, sendo a micose sistêmica de maior prevalência no Brasil. Relato de caso: Descrevemos o caso de um paciente de 49 anos que apresentava úlcera de crescimento progressivo há um ano no primeiro dedo da mão direita. Durante a investigação, foi realizado diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicose forma crônica com acometimento cutâneo e pulmonar, apesar da ausência de clínica respiratória. Conclusões: Por apresentar evolução insidiosa na forma crônica, o diagnóstico da paracoccidioidomicose pode passar despercebido devido à grande dissociação clinicorradiológica nas formas pulmonares. Portanto, a presença de lesões cutâneas indica a possibilidade de acometimento sistêmico.

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Introdução: Hanseníase e Tuberculose são enfermidades associadas à supressão da imunidade celular do tipo TH1. As manifestações clínicas da hanseníase são usualmente cutâneas e da tuberculose (Tbc) tegumento-pulmonares. O objetivo é demonstrar a presença de ambas as enfermidades no mesmo paciente. Relato do caso: Paciente masculino, 59 anos, em uso de prednisona 40mg/d há 6 meses devido a um quadro “alérgico”, com queixa de úlcera peri-anal dolorosa e sangrante. Ao exame apresentava úlcera fagedênica peri-anal e inguinal fistulizado e pápulas normocrômicas no antebraço. Histopatológico de lesão nodular e da úlcera mostra infiltrado granulomatoso com BAAR +,interpretado como hanseníase multibacilar. O tratamento não resultou em melhora das lesões inguinais e perianal. Novos exames demonstraram serem as lesões ulceradas causadas pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, por cultura, e as lesões pápulo-nodulares serem Mycobacterium leprae, por PCR. Tratamento para ambas foi eficaz. O M.leprae e M.tuberculosis são patógenos intracelulares obrigatórios e a defesa do hospedeiro está diretamente associada à imunidade celular. Mesmo em países endêmicos para ambas as enfermidades a associação das duas doenças é de ocorrência excepcional. O uso da corticoterapia utilizada para quadro alérgico (ENH) facilitou a ocorrência da Tbc. O caso relata a importância dos métodos auxiliares diagnósticos em caso de difícil interpretação clínica.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Several experimental studies of pulmonary emphysema using animal models have been described in the literature. However, only a few of these studies have focused on the assessment of ergometric function as a non-invasive technique to validate the methodology used for induction of experimental emphysema. Additionally, functional assessments of emphysema are rarely correlated with morphological pulmonary abnormalities caused by induced emphysema. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of elastase administered by tracheal puncture on pulmonary parenchyma and their corresponding functional impairment. This was evaluated by measuring exercise capacity in C57Bl/6 mice in order to establish a reproducible and safe methodology of inducing experimental emphysema. Thirty six mice underwent ergometric tests before and 28 days after elastase administration. Pancreatic porcine elastase solution was administered by tracheal puncture, which resulted in a significantly decreased exercise capacity, shown by a shorter distance run (-30.5%) and a lower mean velocity (-15%), as well as in failure to increase the elimination of carbon dioxide. The mean linear intercept increased significantly by 50% in tracheal elastase administration. In conclusion, application of elastase by tracheal function in C57Bl/6 induces emphysema, as validated by morphometric analyses, and resulted in a significantly lower exercise capacity, while resulting in a low mortality rate. (C) 2011 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.

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Objectives: Cardiac surgery (CC) determines systemic and pulmonary changes that require special care. What motivated several studies conducted in healthy subjects to assess muscle strength were the awareness of the importance of respiratory muscle dysfunction in the development of respiratory failure. These studies used maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) values. This study examined the concordance between the values predicted by the equations proposed by Black & Hyatt and Neder, and the measured values in cardiac surgery (CS) patients. Methods: Data were collected from preoperative evaluation forms. The Lin coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were used for statistical concordance analysis. The multiple linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to produce new formulas. Results: There were weak correlations of 0.22 and 0.19 in the MIP analysis and of 0.10 and 0.32 in the MEP analysis, for the formulas of Black & Hyatt and Neder, respectively. The ANOVA for both MIP and MEP were significant (P <0.0001), and the following formulas were developed: MIP = 88.82 - (0.51 x age) + (19.86 x gender), and MEP = 91.36 -(030 x age) + (29.92 x gender). Conclusions: The Black and Hyatt and Neder formulas predict highly discrepant values of MIP and MEP and should not be used to identify muscle weakness in CS patients.

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The capuchin monkey is widespread both north and south of the Legal Amazon and in the Brazilian cerrado. Ten clinically healthy capuchin monkeys were submitted to an anatomical and radiographic study of their thoracic cavities. The radiographic evaluation allowed the description of biometric values associated with the cardiac silhouette and thoracic structures. Application of the VHS (vertebral heart size) method showed positive correlation (P<0.05) with depth of the thoracic cavity, as well as between the body length of vertebrae T 3, T 4, T 5 and T 6 and the cardiac length and width. The lung fields showed a diffuse interstitial pattern, more visible in the caudal lung lobes and a bronchial pattern in the middle and cranial lung lobes. The radiographic examination allowed preliminary inferences to be made concerning the syntopy of the thoracic structures and modifiication of the pulmonary patterns and cardiac anatomy for the capuchin monkey.

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Objective: To compare two models of pulmonary hypertension (monocrotaline and monocrotaline+pneumonectomy) regarding hemodynamic severity, structure of pulmonary arteries, inflammatory markers (IL-1 and PDGF), and 45-day survival. Methods: We used 80 Sprague-Dawley rats in two study protocols: structural analysis; and survival analysis. The rats were divided into four groups: control; monocrotaline (M), pneumonectomy (P), and monocrotaline+pneumonectomy (M+P). In the structural analysis protocol, 40 rats (10/group) were catheterized for the determination of hemodynamic variables, followed by euthanasia for the removal of heart and lung tissue. The right ventricle (RV) was dissected from the interventricular septum (IS), and the ratio between RV weight and the weight of the left ventricle (LV) plus IS (RV/LV+IS) was taken as the index of RV hypertrophy. In lung tissues, we performed histological analyses, as well as using ELISA to determine IL-1 and PDGF levels. In the survival protocol, 40 animals (10/group) were followed for 45 days. Results: The M and M+P rats developed pulmonary hypertension, whereas the control and P rats did not. The RV/LV+IS ratio was significantly higher in M+P rats than in M rats, as well as being significantly higher in M and M+P rats than in control and P rats. There were no significant differences between the M and M+P rats regarding the area of the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries; IL-1 and PDGF levels; or survival. Conclusions: On the basis of our results, we cannot conclude that the monocrotaline+pneumonectomy model is superior to the monocrotaline model.

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OBJETIVO: Descrever os principais achados de imagem em uma série de casos de tumores neuroendócrinos primários do pulmão (TNPs), destacando as alterações na tomografia computadorizada. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Exames de 22 pacientes (12 homens, idade média de 60 anos) avaliados nos últimos cinco anos em nosso serviço, com confirmação histopatológica, foram retrospectivamente revistos por dois médicos radiologistas e os achados foram descritos em consenso, focando as alterações tomográficas. RESULTADOS: Descrevemos 5 carcinoides típicos, 3 carcinoides atípicos, 3 carcinomas neuroendócrinos de grandes células (CNGCs) e 11 cânceres pulmonares de pequenas células (CPPCs). Apenas um carcinoide típico apresentou aspecto característico de nódulo endobrônquico central com atelectasia pulmonar distal, enquanto os demais foram nódulos ou massas pulmonares. Os carcinoides atípicos eram massas pulmonares periféricas e heterogêneas. Um CNGC era massa periférica delimitada e homogênea, enquanto os demais eram mal delimitados e heterogêneos. Os 11 CPPCs eram massas centrais, infiltrativas e heterogêneas, com alterações pleuropulmonares secundárias. Calcificações estavam ausentes nos CNGCs e CPPCs. Metástases foram vistas inicialmente ou no seguimento de todos os CNGCs e CPPCs. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de alguns aspectos semelhantes nos exames de imagem, os achados radiológicos, quando integrados às informações clínicas, podem constituir critérios importantes na diferenciação dos tipos histológicos de TNPs.