Relações pressão-diâmetro e esforço-diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo em seres humanos. Padronização e análise crítica do método.

PURPOSE--To provide a critical analysis of the fluid filled manometric system and M-mode echocardiography and, by their association, to standardize the determination of left ventricular (LV) pressure-diameter and stress-diameter relationships in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS--The pressure curve and the LV M-mode image was obtained in 24 patients with cardiopathy. The dynamic characteristics of the fluid-filled system have been studied to define the amplitude, the resonance and the time gap of the pressure curve register. The delay of the pressure curve recording was determined in all cases by comparing pressure curve and echocardiographic aortic valve registers. The values of pressure, diameter, posterior wall thickness and LV meridional stress was calculated at every 0.02s. RESULTS--Preliminary analyses of the fluid-filled manometric system indicated that this system has variable dynamic characteristics. The pressure-diameter and stress-diameter loops obtained were similar to those of the literature. The values of end-systolic stress, percentage of fractional shortening, ejection fraction and circumferential fiber shortening rate of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 5) were significantly reduced when compared to the values of patients without left ventricular overload (n = 8) and patients with ventricular volume overload. It has been verified, also, that the retard of the pressure curve record introduced by the fluid-filled manometric system does not modify the values of these variables. CONCLUSION--The LV pressure-diameter and stress-diameter relationships obtained by the association of echocardiography and LV manometry showed functional characteristics of the ventricle that could not appear by the use of the echocardiography or by the LV manometry themselves.

Testes size in leptodactylid frogs and occurrence of multimale spawning in the genus Leptodactylus in Brazil

Although rare, some anurans show multimale spawning. Herein we present data on testes mass relative to body mass for 11 leptodactylids and report multimale spawning in Leptodactylus chaquensis and Leptodactylus podicipinus. Testes mass averaged 4.13% of body mass for L. chaquensis and 0.75% for L. podicipinus. Testes size of both leptodactylid species with multimale spawning show that they are large and close to values recorded for rhacophorid frogs with multimale breeding (0.71-7.79%). Large testes size in frogs with multimale spawning supports the sperm competition hypothesis.

O limiar de esforço percebido (LEP) corresponde à potência crítica e a um indicador de máximo estado estável de consumo de oxigěnio

The perceived exertion has been a target of several investigations, many times with association with objective physiological indicators in exercise. Recently, the identification of the perceived exertion threshold (PET) was proposed in the water running, which presented no difference in relation to the critical velocity. Theoretically, both parameters would be indicators of the maximum steady state of variables such as V̇O2 and blood lactate. The objective of this work was to verify the coincidence between PET, critical power (PCrit) and an indicator of maximum V̇O2 steady state (PCrit') in cycle ergometer. Eight male participants were submitted to progressive effort test in order to determine V̇O2peak (46.7 ± 8.5 ml/kg/min) and to four rectangular tests until exhaustion for the estimation of the critical power model parameters, PET and PCrit'. The hyperbolic relation between mechanical power and time spent for the V̇O2peak to be reached in each test was used for the PCrit' estimation, considered as the asymptote in the power axis, and the portion of the anaerobic work capacity (CTAnaer) depleted up to the establishment of the V̇O2peak (CTAnaer'). In order to identify PET, the straight lines angular coefficients of the perceived exertion in time (ordinate) and the powers used (abscissa) were adjusted to a linear function that provided a point in the power axis in which the perceived exertion would be kept indefinitely stable. The parameters PCrit and CTAnaer were estimated by means of the power-time non-linear equation. In order to compare the estimations of PET, PCrit and PCrit', the analysis of variance ANOVA for repeated measurements was employed, and the associations were established through the Pearson correlation. CTAnaer and CTAnaer' were compared through the t test. PET (180 W ± 61 W), PCrit (174 W ± 43 W) and PCrit' (176 W ± 48 W) were not significantly different and the correlations were of 0.92-0.98. CTAnaer' (14,080 ± 5,219 J) was lower than CTAnaer (22,093 ± 9,042 J). One concludes that the PET predicts the intensity of PCrit and PCrit' with accuracy.

Testes de biocompatibilidade in vitro de duas formas comerciais do agregado de trióxido mineral

Recently, regular and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are being used in Dentistry as retrofilling materials. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests form an important part of cancer research and risk assessment of potential carcinogens. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of regular and white MTA in vitro by the single cell gel (comet) assay and trypan blue exclusion test, respectively. Mouse lymphoma cells were exposed to two presentation forms of MTA at final concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 μg/mL for 3 h at 37°C. The results showed that both compounds tested did not produce genotoxic effects at all concentrations evaluated. Likewise, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that regular and white MTA are not genotoxins and are not able to interfere in cellular viability as assessed by single cell gel (comet) assay and trypan blue assay, respectively.

Study of chromosomal and nucleolar aspects in testes of Nysius californicus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

In Nysius californicus (family Lygaeidae, subfamily Orsillinae), a pest commonly known as the seed bug, the chromosome complement is 2n = 16 (12A + 2m + XY), testes are formed by seven seminiferous tubules covered by an orange-colored membrane, and spermatogenesis is cystic. At prophase, sex chromosomes are heteropycnotic and autosomes usually show a chiasma. At metaphase, sex chromosomes along with microchromosomes may be seen located at the center of a ring formed by the remaining autosomes. A characteristic specific of N. californicus was the presence of nucleolar material observed from the cystic cell to the completely differentiated spermatozoon. Variations in size, shape and location of the nucleolar material occur during this process, denoting a variable degree of activity in the different stages. ©FUNPEC-RP.

Avaliação de desempenho do microaspersor amanco em bancada de testes

The need for a rational use of water and supply of food for a growing world population have led to the development of research in the area of irrigation systems. Thus, some irrigation systems which join efficiency with low cost of material have been developed. Although some technical characteristics are provided by the manufacturers, tests are required to verify functioning of the system and uniformity of water distribution. Continuous research on uniformity, characteristics of the materials and design of water distribution systems is essential for system improvement. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the CV (manufacturer's coefficient of variation) of Amanco microsprinkler (1.0 mm light green nipple) using bench testing in the laboratory of Irrigation at UNESP - FCA campus of Botucatu-SP. Twenty-five microsprinklers in a sequential design were used in the tests. Three flow systems were tested as follows: a Coil system based on serial connected pipes; a Lateral system, the most common system in which secondary lines are fed by a main line; and a Mesh system used in the urban water supply. The results showed that 4.17% CVf met the production standards and the Lateral and Mesh systems were similar regarding outflow using bench testing. The Mesh system presented the highest mean value of outflow and the lowest range of variation.

Testes de vigor para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementesde Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different vigor tests to assess S. commersoniana seeds physiological quality during storage. Therefore, seeds were stored in cloth bags, plastic bags and glass containers for 531 days, both at room temperature and in a cold chamber. Periodically samples were taken and the following tests were conducted: standard germination, germination speed index, first count after germination, seedlings fresh and dry matter, electrical conductivity (imbibitions for 2 and 24 hours) and accelerated aging, in order to monitoring the seeds physiologic quality. Data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis, for each of the combination of packaging/storage condition. The results obtained led to the following considerations: a) the speed germination index and the accelerated aging test permitted a good evaluation of the seed-lots quality; b) the first count of germination did not allow any prediction about seed lots vigor; c) seedling fresh and dry matter did not discriminate among seed lots; d) electrical conductivity test after 2 h imbibitions was not adequate to evaluate the seed lots vigor and e) the electric conductivity test with 24 h imbibitions was more adequate to differentiate among seed lots, but with little efficiency to discriminate among seed lots with intermediate vigor or with low quality differences.

Testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de condutividade elétrica em sementes de Dictyoloma vendellianum A. Juss.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito competicional em testes de progênies de eucalipto

Many studies have recommended the use of small plots for forest experiments, although they do not consider the inter-genotype competition increase. If this competition is not isolated from the mathematics model, it can lead to incorrect selection of genetic materials. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of seven competition covariates in two Eucalyptus spp. progeny tests. Data from the two half-sib eucalyptus progenies were analyzed, using the randomized blocks design. The seven analyzed covariates were HegyI's competition index (IC), self-competition (AT), alo competition (AL), self-competition mean (MAT), alo competition mean (MAL), and arithmetic means of four (M4) and eight (M8) nearest neighbors. Individual and combined analyses of covariates were used for the wood volume trait. All the variance components and the changes caused by covariates use were evaluated. The competition affects the results of eucalypt progeny analysis in different ways, according to its type, self or alo competition. Most influential covariates were MAT, MAL and IC. Most promising results of competition effects reduction were observed for the IC/MAT covariates inclusion in eucalypt progeny tests.

Esforço de escavação e teor de lipídios em rainhas da formiga cortadeira Atta sexdens rubropilosa

Nest digging spends a lot of energy existing a question about how much energy is required to dig the tunnel and initial chamber. It was hypothesized that the lipid content is used during nest digging. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the consequences of increasing digging effort in queens that were experimentally stimulated to excavate a complete founding nest either once, twice or three times consecutively, compared to control queens that didn't dig. Weight and lipid content of queens were quantified. Results showed that, in contrast with the initial expectations, weight and lipid content were not affected by the increased digging effort in the experimentally-induced successive excavations. It was conclude that the excavation by the queens did not affect the percentages of lipids and consequently the energy content, in their bodies. Probably, energy resources for the excavation wasn't originated from lipid reserves, but from other energy sources, perhaps carbohydrates.

Pico e flutuação da pressão intra-ocular: comparação entre curva tensional diária e teste de sobrecarga hídrica e comparação entre 2 testes de sobrecarga hídrica em horários diferentes

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Comparação dos testes de escada, caminhada e espirometria preditos com os obtidos no pós-operatório de ressecções pulmonares

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise e implementação de um algoritmo de busca dispersa para o planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Algoritmo genético especializado na resolução de problemas com variáveis contínuas e altamente restritos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)