Digital storytelling: student ID in higher education

Identity achievement is related to personality, as well as cognitive and interpersonal development. In tandem with the deep structural changes that have taken place in society, education must also shift towards a teaching approach focused on learning and the overall development of the student. The integration of technology may be the drive to foster the needed changes. We draw on the literature of multiple subject areas as basis for our work, namely: identity construction and self-representation, within a psychological and social standpoint; Higher Education (HE) in Portugal after Bologna, college student development and other intrinsic relationships, namely the role of emotions and interpersonal relationships in the learning process; the technological evolution of storytelling towards Digital Storytelling (DS) – the Californian model – and its connections to identity and education. Ultimately we propose DS as the aggregator capable of humanizing HE while developing essential skills and competences. Grounded on an interpretative/constructivist paradigm, we implemented a qualitative case study to explore DS in HE. In three attempts to collect student data, we gathered detailed observation notes from two Story Circles; twelve student written reflections; fourteen Digital Stories and detailed observation notes from one Story Show. We carried out three focus groups with teachers where we discussed their perceptions of each student prior to and after watching the Digital Stories, in addition to their opinion on DS in HE as a teaching and learning method and its influence on interpersonal relationships. We sought understandings of the integration of DS to analyze student selfperception and self-representation in HE contexts and intersected our findings with teachers’ perceptions of their students. We compared teachers’ and students’ perspectives, through the analysis of data collected throughout the DS process – Story Circle, Story Creation and Story Show – and triangulated that information with the students’ personal reflections and teacher perceptions. Finally we questioned if and how DS may influence teachers’ perceptions of students. We found participants to be the ultimate gatekeepers in our study. Very few students and teachers voluntarily came forth to take part in the study, confirming the challenge remains in getting participants to see the value and understand the academic rigor of DS. Despite this reluctance, DS proved to be an asset for teachers and students directly and indirectly involved in the study. DS challenges HE contexts, namely teacher established perception of students; student’s own expectations regarding learning in HE; the emotional realm, the private vs. public dichotomy and the shift in educational roles.

Adolescents and School Asthma Knowledge and Attitudes

Introduction: bronchial asthma is a chronic disease that affects a high percentage of adolescents, with a significant restriction of daily activities, and is a cause of school absenteeism. The relationships between adolescents and asthma disease in school were assessed, with a view to improving knowledge about the asthmatic adolescent. Methods: a survey was conducted in the Lisbon metropolitan area, covering urban (Lisbon) and rural (Lourinh˜a ) zones and including 1879 students and 81 teachers from the 7th to 9th high school years. The study groups were asthmatic students, their peers, and teachers. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to collect information. The results were compared with a reference group of 91 asthmatic students attending our Department of Immunoallergy-Hospital Dona Estefânia. Cotinine urinary measurements were made in a sample of asthmatics and a control group. Results: the prevalence of current asthma among students was 10%. Estimates of asthma annual burden among 7th to 9th year students from Lisbon and Lourinh˜a high schools included 4,307 days missed from school, 4,148 medical consultations and a minimum of 351 hospital emergency care and 80 hospital admissions. Exposure to passive smoking was not significantly different between asthmatic students and theirs peers. Cotinine urinary measurements did not discriminate between exposed and non-exposed individuals. Cigarette smoking was almost as common among adolescent asthmatics (5.4%) as it was in non-asthmatic subjects (6.7%). However, 55% of asthmatics mentioned active and passive smoking as an asthma exacerbating factor. Asthmatic students, theirs peers and teachers showed a deficient knowledge about asthma (mean group scores: 17.6; 14.2 and 17.7 of a possible 30), particularly in the areas related to asthma recognition and its management. Asthmatics attending our Allergy Department had the highest scores. All groups showed tolerance in the sense of a positive and understanding attitude toward a person with asthma. However, traditional beliefs about asthma disease (dependence, inferiority...) were confirmed. A positive correlation between knowledge levels and tolerance attitudes was found. Conclusion: in view of the dimension of the asthma problem in adolescence and its social and economic impact, it is justifiable to assess the need for the implementation of asthma education programs in schools in order to improve asthma management by the adolescents and their schools.

Relatório de estágio de qualificação profissional (fase intercalar do estágio)

No âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e da Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada, realizada em contexto de Creche, foi desenvolvido o presente relatório de estágio de qualificação profissional na Educação Pré-Escolar. A prática educativa sustentou-se num quadro teórico-concetual de referência, com vista à construção de saberes para a Educação de Infância, pelo compromisso e responsabilização progressiva da ação docente, tendo sido encarado como um momento de singular importância. Desta forma, este documento procura ilustrar o processo de desenvolvimento de competências profissionais pela estudante para este nível de educação. Nesta linha de pensamento, importa referenciar a metodologia de investigação-ação, que fundamentou a prática pedagógica da estudante ao longo das várias etapas do processo educativo: Observação, Planificação, Ação, Avaliação, Comunicação e Articulação. Assim, apoiada em estratégias e atitudes investigativas e reflexivas, esta metodologia potenciou a transformação, melhoria e adequação das suas práticas. O contexto de formação assumiu-se, portanto, como um lugar privilegiado de articulação entre teoria e prática, onde o processo de ensino e aprendizagem ficou pautado por intencionalidades educativas com vista ao desenvolvimento integral de cada criança, bem como pela construção de saberes e competências profissionais pela estagiária, elencadas nos Decretos-Lei n.º 240 e 241 de 2001. Tomando em consideração o processo desenvolvido, importa realçar a importância de uma formação profissional ao longo da vida, de modo a potenciar o desenvolvimento de uma atitude perante a Educação cada vez mais crítica, problematizadora, indagadora, reflexiva e investigativa, em prol do desenvolvimento holístico de cada criança.

Attitudes towards mentally ill in professionals working in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital in Rwanda

ABSTRACT: This quantitative study investigated the attitudes toward the mentally ill in professionals working in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital. The research questions explored were centered on the attitudes of directly involved and supportive professionals toward mentally ill clients and also on the difference between the attitudes of directly involved and supportive professionals toward mentally ill clients and demographic variables. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in attitude between direct care providers and supportive professionals toward the mentally ill clients. The Community Attitudes towards Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale (Dear & Taylor, 1982; Taylor, Dear & Hall, 1979; Taylor & Dear, 1981) was used. A total of 72 members of the staff, including 55 directly involved staff and 17 supportive staff members, participated in the survey. A summary interpretation of the main findings in this thesis reinforces the assumption that negative attitudes towards people with mental illness received in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital are in existence, even though the majority have favorable attitudes towards the mentally ill. This suggests that persons with mental illness may encounter stigmatizing attitudes from mental health professionals. This study represents one of the first to explore professionals’ attitudes towards the mentally ill. It is hoped that this work will highlight the need to explore the influence of attitudes in the delivery of high quality healthcare. The provider–patient relationship is at the heart of effective treatment and the detrimental impact of prejudicial judgments on this relationship should not be ignored. This study also demonstrates that professionals with different roles report different attitudes and this suggest that they would behave differently towards patients with mental illness. The directly involved professionals have been found to have more positive attitudes than the supportive professional and this seems to show that as individuals improve their ability to interact with persons with mental illness, they become more tolerant. The present study demonstrates that the sociodemographic variables tested have no impact on the attitudes of the professionals working in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital. The extent of mental health training (as part of general health training) and duration of experience of working in mental health settings did not influence attitudes. Finally, this study demonstrates that there is no correlation between the attitudes towards mentally ill patients and their inclusion in the process of decision-making.

Possibilidade de desenvolvimento integrado pela expressão musical: Uma experiência no 1º CEB

Desde o primeiro momento, este projeto procurou libertar-se dos cenários tradicionais em que a aprendizagem era encarada como uma atividade solitária e individual; ao longo do processo, cada aluno encontrava-se sozinho perante a tarefa, sob olhar atento do professor (tais posturas eram próprias de uma cultura autoritária e pouco solidária na apropriação do saber). Decorrente dessa vontade de alterar formas de atuação, este projeto assentou os seus pressupostos teóricos na teoria em espiral de Bruner e na teoria das inteligências múltiplas de Gardner. Assim, o aluno é sempre encarado como um ser em desenvolvimento, razão pela qual urge ter uma visão holística e integrada desse desenvolvimento. Como tal, associada a estas teorias aparece a aprendizagem cooperativa e, consequentemente, o conceito de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal de Vygotsky e a integração curricular diretamente ligada à metodologia de projeto defendida por autores como Dewey e Kilpatrik, pontos basilares de todo este estudo. Tal como o próprio nome do projeto indica Possibilidades de desenvolvimento integrado pela Expressão Musical: Uma experiência no 1.º CEB, o objetivo principal é investigar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento global do aluno, com a interligação dos vários saberes que lhe permitam construir o seu conhecimento de uma forma integrada, tendo como ponto de partida a expressão musical. Desde a elaboração das planificações, passando pelas atividades desenvolvidas ao longo das aulas, houve sempre a preocupação em promover a participação ativa dos alunos e, como é evidente pelos mapas de conceitos, privilegiar a integração curricular bem como o desenvolvimento global dos alunos. Os dados obtidos através da entrevista efetuada aos alunos e do inquérito final demonstram o reconhecimento, por parte dos alunos, da expressão musical como uma mais3 valia para a sua aprendizagem nas diversas disciplinas, bem como a sua preferência pelo trabalho cooperativo.

Playing With Fire: Decrease in Safe-Sex Attitudes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Portuguese STI Clinic

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a major public health concern and a global cause of illness in both industrialized and developing countries. Portugal is no exception, with an increasing incidence of STIs, and one of the highest prevalences of HIV in Europe. Reduced risk perceptions among men who have sex with men (MSM) and a consequent high-risk sexual behaviour have been increasingly reported throughout the world. Objectives: To characterize the population of MSM attending a STI clinic in Lisbon, and to assess practice of condom use among these patients. Methods: Records of all MSM patients who attended the STI clinic from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed to study demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours, and leading diagnoses in this population. Results: Of a total of 389 patients, 108 MSM were identified (27.8%), mostly Portuguese men with high school or above education, aged 17 to 61 years (medium age of 32.4 years). More than half of the patients (52.8%) reported more than one sexual partner in the past 6 months (19.4% more than 5 partners), and only a third consistently used condom. A history of sex with sex workers was mentioned in 9.2%. The most prevalent diagnoses were syphilis (45.6%) and condylomata acuminata (38.9%). The prevalence of HIV infection in this subgroup of patients was significantly higher than in the rest of the population (47.2% vs. 14.9%). Inconsistent condom use increased over the years (36.4% in 2008, 66.7% in 2011), and these patients revealed a greater number of sexual partners than condom users (60.4% vs. 50%). However, 38.9% of condom users presented with early syphilis, suggesting inadequate use of this barrier method. Among HIV patients, almost half of them (49%) had sex with more than one partner in the previous six months, and 47.1% did not use the condom during all sexual practices. Of these, 45.8% were not on antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: High-risk sexual behaviours (inconsistent use of condom and multiple partners) are increasingly prevalent in this MSM subpopulation, despite previous educational programmes. The high incidence of risk behaviours among HIV infected patients is particularly worrisome, and must be addressed with innovative interventions and population-based prevention strategies.

Relatório de estágio

O presente relatório tem como principal intuito a reflexão da estudante sobre a Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada (PPS) desenvolvida nos contextos de Educação Pré-Escolar e do 1.º CEB, no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, espelhando, assim, o processo formativo que promoveu o seu desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal. Neste contexto, realça a metodologia de investigação-ação que susteve este processo, proporcionando um saber, saber-fazer, estar e ser imprescindíveis na transformação e melhoria da prática educativa e na construção de um perfil profissional, Realça, ainda, o processo socio-construtivista e de colaboração que envolveu a díade de formação, a educadora e professora cooperantes e supervisores institucionais, mas sobretudo a estagiária que construiu as suas representações do que é ser educadora de EPE e professora do 1.º CEB na atualidade. Deste modo, releva o desenvolvimento de competências, de atitudes e postura ética adquiridas na formação inicial, imprescindíveis para a profissionalidade docente e base fundamental para a construção da identidade profissional da futura professora.

Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Nurses' Risk Perceptions and Attitudes

Dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains one of the most difficult challenges for prevention, control, and treatment of health care-associated infections. A survey and interviews were conducted on nurses from a hospital center. We found that most nurses' perceived risk of acquiring MRSA related to themselves (72%), other nurses (88.5%), and patients (97.8%). This perception influences attitudes, leading to compliance with the existing recommendations.

Competências interpessoais em saúde : comunicar para a qualidade, com o utente e em equipa multidisciplinar

RESUMO - O processo de comunicação em saúde encontra-se relacionado com a melhoria dos resultados em saúde através da informação, com o objectivo de influenciar indivíduos e comunidades. Os profissionais de saúde, no contexto da prestação de cuidados, necessitam de deter determinadas competências interpessoais e de comunicação no sentido de promover a qualidade e segurança do doente, contribuindo para a diminuição do erro clínico através de uma comunicação eficaz em equipa. Estabelecer uma relação de empatia e confiança com o doente, saber escutar e compreender a sua perspectiva definem-se, entre outras, por capacidades essenciais a estes profissionais, a par de uma comunicação verbal e escrita clara e assertiva, cujo impacto se reflecte também na satisfação do utente. O ensino destas competências é fundamental para habilitar os profissionais a lidar com diversas situações, contribuindo para a excelência técnica e qualidade dos cuidados. A sua avaliação é essencialmente realizada durante a formação académica, a nível internacional, sobre o que a literatura descreve várias metodologias possíveis. O método utilizado com maior frequência consiste na observação directa da interacção entre o aluno e o doente, em contexto real ou simulado, através de uma checklist formada por itens correspondentes a atitudes e comportamentos que avalia a presença das competências necessárias. O desenvolvimento destas competências passa por sensibilizar os profissionais para a sua importância, dar-lhes formação e avaliar, apostando na continuidade da investigação.

Protest attitudes and stated preferences: Evidence on scale usage heterogeneity

We contribute to the stated preference literature by addressing scale usage heterogeneity regarding how individuals answer attitudinal questions capturing lack of trust in institutions and fairness issues. Using a latent class model, we conduct a contingent valuation study to elicit the willingness-to-pay to preserve a recreational site. We find evidence that respondents within the same class, that is, with similar preferences and attitudes, interpret the Likert scale differently when answering the attitudinal questions. We identify different patterns of scale usage heterogeneity within and across classes and associate them with individual characteristics. Our approach contributes to better a understanding of individual behavior in the presence of protest attitudes.

Can healthy eating be cool?: A study of celebrities’ impact on teens’ attitudes towards healthy eating

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Training-related accidents during teacher-student-assistance activities of medical students

A survey was done to determine the most common hospital accidents with biologically contaminated material among students at the Medical College of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Six hundred and ninety-four students (between fifth and twelfth semesters of the college course) answered the questionnaire individually. Three-hundred and forty-nine accidents were reported. The accident rate was found to be 33.9% in the third semester of the course, and increased over time, reaching 52.3% in the last semester. Sixty-three percent of the accidents were needlestick or sharp object injuries; 18.3% mucous membrane exposure; 16.6% were on the skin, and 1.7% were simultaneously on the skin and mucous membrane exposure. The contaminating substances were: blood (88.3%), vaginal secretion (1.7%), and others (9.1%). The parts of the body most frequently affected were: hands (67%), eyes (18.9%), mouth (1.7%), and others (6.3%). The procedures being performed when the accidents occurred were: suture (34.1%), applying anesthesia (16.6%), assisting surgery (8.9%), disposing of needles (8.6%), assisting delivery (6.3%), and others (25.9%). Forty-nine percent of those involved reported the accident to the accident control department. Of these 29.2% did not receive adequate medical assistance. Eight percent of those involved used antiretroviral drugs and of these 86% discontinued the treatment on receiving the Elisa method applied to the patient (HIV-negative); 6.4% discontinued the treatment due to its side-effects; and 16% completed the treatment.

Predictors of student success: a study of Portuguese Higher Education graduates

Work Projected presented in the context of a Directed Research Internship at the Directorate-General of Statistics of the Portuguese Ministry of Education, and as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA - School of Business and Economics