Double burden malnutrition of preschool children and its association with brain development and milk consumption

Protecting the quality of children growth and development becomes a supreme qualification for the betterment of a nation. Double burden child malnutrition is emerging worldwide which might have a strong influence to the quality of child brain development and could not be paid-off on later life. Milk places a notable portion during the infancy and childhood. Thus, the deep insight on milk consumption pattern might explain the phenomenon of double burden child malnutrition correlated to the cognitive impairments. Objective: Current study is intended (1) to examine the current face of Indonesian double burden child malnutrition: a case study in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, (2) to investigate the association of this phenomenon with child brain development, and (3) to examine the contribution of socioeconomic status and milk consumption on this phenomenon so that able to formulate some possible solutions to encounter this problem. Design: A cross-sectional study using a structured coded questionnaire was conducted among 387 children age 5-6 years old and their parents from 8 areas in Bogor, West-Java, Indonesia on November 2012 to December 2013, to record some socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, and history of breast feeding. Diet and probability of milk intake was assessed by two 24 h dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Usual daily milk intake was calculated using Multiple Source Method (MSM). Some brain development indicators (IQ, EQ, learning, and memory ability) using Projective Multi-phase Orientation method was also executed to learn the correlation between double burden child malnutrition and some brain development indicator. Results and conclusions: A small picture of child double burden malnutrition is shown in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, where prevalence of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is 27.1%, Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) is 24.9%, and overnutrition is 7.7%. This phenomenon proves to impair the child brain development. The malnourished children, both under- and over- nourished children have significantly (P-value<0.05) lower memory ability compared to the normal children (memory score, N; SAM = 45.2, 60; MAM = 48.5, 61; overweight = 48.4, 43; obesity = 47.9, 60; normal = 52.4, 163). The plausible reasons behind these evidences are the lack of nutrient intake during the sprout growth period on undernourished children or increasing adiposity on overnourished children might influence the growth of hippocampus area which responsible to the memory ability. Either undernutrition or overnutrition, the preventive action on this problem is preferable to avoid ongoing cognitive performance loss of the next generation. Some possible solutions for this phenomenon are promoting breast feeding initiation and exclusive breast feeding practices for infants, supporting the consumption of a normal portion of milk (250 to 500 ml per day) for children, and breaking the chain of poverty by socioeconomic improvement. And, the national food security becomes the fundamental point for the betterment of the next. In the global context, the causes of under- and over- nutrition have to be opposed through integrated and systemic approaches for a better quality of the next generation of human beings.

A pilot investigation of the relationship between climate variability and milk compounds under the bootstrap technique

This study analyzes the linear relationship between climate variables and milk components in Iran by applying bootstrapping to include and assess the uncertainty. The climate parameters, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) are computed from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA-MERRA) reanalysis (2002–2010). Milk data for fat, protein (measured on fresh matter bases), and milk yield are taken from 936,227 milk records for the same period, using cows fed by natural pasture from April to September. Confidence intervals for the regression model are calculated using the bootstrap technique. This method is applied to the original times series, generating statistically equivalent surrogate samples. As a result, despite the short time data and the related uncertainties, an interesting behavior of the relationships between milk compound and the climate parameters is visible. During spring only, a weak dependency of milk yield and climate variations is obvious, while fat and protein concentrations show reasonable correlations. In summer, milk yield shows a similar level of relationship with ETI, but not with temperature and THI. We suggest this methodology for studies in the field of the impacts of climate change and agriculture, also environment and food with short-term data.

Soy un sol : experiencias sobre como educar en valores en la educaci??n infantil

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone el desarrollo de un conjunto de estrategias para educar en valores. Se realiza en el CPR Gibalto en Riofr??o, Granada. Los objetivos son: conocer el propio cuerpo y posibilidades de acci??n, adquiriendo una autonom??a progresiva en sus actividades habituales; observar y explorar el entorno familiar, social y natural; ayudar a descubrir las caracter??sticas especiales f??sicas y ps??quicas de cada ni??o-a; reconocerse y adaptarse como sujeto irrepetible; respetarse a s?? mismo y a los dem??s.

En mi verso soy libre : relatos 2008.

El libro está presentado por Juan Ángel España Talón, Secretario Autonómico de Educación y Formación Profesional.- Las ilustraciones son de Juan Pedro Esteban Nicolás

En mi verso soy libre : relatos 2009.

Los relatos seleccionados del I Certamen Nacional, están disponibles en REDINED, a texto completo.

En mi verso soy libre : relatos 2010.

El tema elegido para esta tercera edición del certamen ha sido el mar. - Incluye un disco con los cuentos relatados.

En mi verso soy libre : relatos 2011.

Se incluye un CD con las grabaciones en audio de los relatos

En mi verso soy libre : relatos 2012.

Se incluye un CD con las grabaciones en audio de los relatos

It will be succesful to have a commercial relation between France and Colombia focus on the milk sector ?

Globalization has led to a drastic change on the international trade, this has caused that many countries such as France and Colombia find new business partners. This is the raison because I develop the investigation about How these countries can be integrated commercially in the dairy sector? Colombia and France had active trade relations for more than 8 years, but this has been declining for several factors. In the case of France, it has found that Germany is an excellent producer of raw milk, which can supply domestic demand and can export large quantities with a low price to European countries because of its proximity. For this reason, Colombia is a country that can not compete with Germany directly in raw milk, but I concluded that Colombia could become a major competitor with organic milk. This is the result of a research of the way they raise and feed the cows in the two countries, Colombia is generally on open country and Germany is on cow housing. In Colombia, the country found that Venezuela could offer many benefits in the processing of raw milk, and other processes that require high technology. But today Colombia has had several disputes with Venezuela and many Colombian companies are affected in this sector. Additionally, France is one of the largest producers and distributors of processed milk and its derivatives; it launches annually many manufactured products with high technology. At this point, Colombia can take out the best advantage because it can create an strategic alliance with French companies to bring most innovative and processed products such as cheese and yoghurts. The theoretical framework of this thesis consists on the analysis of competitiveness, because it is relevant to see if these two countries are competitive or if one has the comparative advantage over the other. The related authors are: Michael Porter, Adam Smith and David Ricardo. To complete the theoretical part, we found that France has a comparative advantage over Colombia in this sector thanks to its high technology, and Colombia is not currently competitive in the area of raw milk because the milk price is higher and the distance is a barrier, and it has no technology. But this research indicates that Colombia could become a competitive country selling organic milk.

El devenir animal en la construcción del territorio. Aproximación deleuzeana al enunciado “yo soy jaguar"

La composición de realidad indígena consolida procesos de individuación en los que la dinámica del devenir circunscribe afectos al ámbito social. Ante la emergencia de problemáticas sociales, el devenir puebla de sentido el saber y el hacer, en función de la continuidad y permanencia de dicho saber. Esta dinámica se evidencia en la construcción de territorio a través de la circulación y sentido del enunciado “yo soy jaguar”, expresado por los sabedores de diversas comunidades amerindias. Este texto problematizará la experiencia del sabedor a través de conceptos centrales de la obra de Gilles Deleuze.

Estudio de factibilidad de expendio de bebidas frescas de origen natural

En el presente documento se mostraran todos los análisis y estudios realizados para determinar la factibilidad de un negocio de expendio minorista de bebidas y alimentos denominada “Bar frutal” ó ”Juice Bar , específicamente para ofrecer bebidas frescas y nutritivas de origen frutal, a las cuales se le da la opción de adicionarles suplementos vitamínicos benéficos para la salud y ser acompañadas de alimentos saludables y nutritivos. El establecimiento pretende promover un estilo de vida a través de una alimentación sana y balanceada. El proyecto incluiría líneas de alimentos que funcionaran como acompañamiento a los batidos, que por su preparación y sus características cumplirán estrictamente con el concepto de saludable y nutritivo. El bar frutal ofrece la opción de poder refrescarse y al mismo tiempo nutrirse, con la opción de adquirir suplementos nutricionales como vitaminas, minerales y proteínas. Los principales productos que se van a ofrecer serían granizados, batidos y bebidas no alcohólicas preparadas a base de mezclas de frutas naturales, con posibilidad de adicionar ingredientes naturales como soya, yogurt, leche, miel y complementos nutricionales como hierro, vitaminas y proteínas entre otros complementos vitamínicos. La compañía va a seguir un modelo de negocio de procesamiento de bebidas y alimentos de forma inmediata, cuya distribución será selectiva y directa. El objeto de este documento se limita a mostrar la metodología desarrollada para la evaluación de factibilidad financiera de la operación del primer punto de venta en la ciudad de Bogotá, y las razones por las cuales el proyecto es factible financieramente.

Análisis de la incidencia de la ACDI y de la red ECPAT internacional sobre la erradicación de la explotación sexual infantil en niños, niñas y adolescentes en el contexto del turismo, proyecto “La Muralla soy yo” (2009-2011), Cartagena de indias

La Explotación Comercial sexual de los niños, niñas y adolescentes – ESCNNA ha ocasionado graves repercusiones en la sociedad, sometiendo a los menores a situaciones que atentan contra su integridad física y psicológica. Por ello, en el marco internacional y nacional se han adelantado diferentes iniciativas para erradicar dicho fenómeno. La Cooperación Internacional para el desarrollo- CI ha sido una valiosa herramienta en el tratamiento del flagelo dados los diferentes canales de ayuda los cuales han contribuido para su intervención. En este sentido, la CI por medio de la Agencia Canadiense para el desarrollo internacional- ACDI y la Fundación Renacer- ECPAT Internacional (End Child Prostitution, Pornography & Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) hicieron posible junto con otros actores el proyecto de CI en Cartagena llamado: “La Muralla soy yo”, el cual buscó la prevención y futura erradicación de la Explotación Sexual de niños y adolescentes en el turismo- ESNAT en la ciudad. En el presente estudio de caso se pretende identificar cómo la CI incide por medio de la ACDI y la red ECPAT Internacional en instituciones locales de Cartagena para la prevención y posible erradicación del problema de la Explotación comercial sexual infantil en niños, niñas y adolescentes, en el contexto del turismo.

Y soy feliz

Poema

Yo soy de éste grupo.

No publicada

Jo sóc tu i tu ets jo. 'Yo soy tu y tu eres yo'.

Resumen de la revista en catalán. Este artículo forma parte del monográfico 'Europa a Catalunya'