Kaikki paperista [Elektroninen aineisto]

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Developing a Comprehensive Model for Marketing Planning — Combining the Major Approaches

Mix marketing and relationships marketing are two major approaches that often form a basis for organizational marketing planning. The superiority of these approaches has been debated for long without any rational conclusion. Lately there have been studies indicating that both of the major approaches are many times used side by side in marketing planning. There have been also studies suggesting that even combining the mix marketing and relationship marketing approaches might be possible. The aim of this thesis is to provide knowledge about the usage of mix marketing and relationship marketing approaches in organizations and possibilities in combining the approaches. Also a settlement of strengths, weaknesses and risks of combining is intended to provide. The objectives were met through the literature and a case study research. In the case study, interviews were conducted in order to gain a deeper knowledge about marketing planning in various organizations. Based on this study, the combining of the major marketing approaches will be possible and even recommended when keeping in mind few aspects which might cause some troubles in the combining process.

Mobiilipalvelut koulutusorganisaation liikkuvan työn välineenä

Päijät-Hämeen koulutuskonsernissa käynnistettiin 2008 hanke liikkuvan työn ratkaisuista, johon yhtenä osa-alueena kuului henkilöstön mobiilitarpeiden tarvekartoitus ja erilaisten liikkuvaa työtä tekevien ryhmien tunnistaminen ja luokittelu. Mobiilipalvelujen tarvekartoitus toteutettiin käyttäjälähtöisenä kyselytutkimuksena koko konsernin henkilöstölle. Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää ammattikorkeakoulun opetushenkilöstön mobiilipalvelujen tarve ja sen perusteella tunnistaa ja luokitella erilaiset käyttäjäprofiilit. Tarvekartoitusprojekti sisälsi selvityksen, jossa haluttiin saada selville eri käyttäjäryhmien mobiilaitteiden ja tietoliikenneyhteyksien tarve. Lisäksi haluttiin selvittää, missä vastaajat työskentelevät ja kiinnostus oli erityisesti siihen, miten mobiilia vastaajien työ on tällä hetkellä. Työn tuloksia tullaan hyödyntämään hankesuunnittelussa ja mobiilipalvelujen kilpailutuksessa.

Kirjahistoriaa Suomessa

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Perustietoa kolmannesta kivestä

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Hauskempi elää

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

The Role of Cytochrome P450 3A Inducers and Inhibitors in the Metabolism and the Effects of Oxycodone

Oxycodone is an opioid used in the treatment of moderate or severe pain. It is principally metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes whereas approximately 10% is metabolized by CYP2D6. Little is known about the interactions between oxycodone and other drugs, herbals and nutritional substances. In this work the effects of CYP3A inducers rifampicin and St. John’s wort and CYP3A inhibitors voriconazole, grapefruit juice, ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir were investigated on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone. All studies were randomized, balanced, placebo-controlled crossover clinical studies in healthy volunteers. The plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its metabolites were determined for 48 hours and pharmacodynamic parameters were recorded for 12 hours in each study. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. Rifampicin decreased the plasma concentrations, analgesic effects, and oral bioavailability of oral oxycodone. St. John’s wort reduced the concentrations of oxycodone and diminished the self-reported drug effect. Voriconazole increased the exposure to oral oxycodone by 3.6-fold whereas grapefruit juice, which inhibits predominantly the intestinal CYP3A, elevated the mean concentrations of oxycodone by 1.7-fold. Ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir increased the mean AUC of oxycodone by 3.0- and 2.6-fold, respectively, and prolonged its elimination half-life. In spite of increased oxycodone plasma concentrations during concomitant administration of CYP3A inhibitors, the analgesic effects were not increased. These studies show that the induction or inhibition of CYP3A alters the pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of oxycodone. The exposure to oxycodone decreased after induction and increased after inhibition of CYP3A. As a conclusion, the clinicians should avoid concomitant administration of CYP3A inducers or inhibitors and oral oxycodone. If this is not possible, they should be prepared to interactions leading to impaired analgesia after CYP3A inducers or increased adverse effects after CYP3A inhibitors and oral oxycodone.