Temperatura e substrato para o teste de germinação de sementes de pinhão-manso

Official rules for seed analysis don't establish criteria to execute germination tests for all species. This way, the aim of this research was to determinate the substrate, temperature and counting time for the germination test of physic nut seeds. For the germination test, four replications of 20 seeds were used, evaluating daily the normal seedlings until the end of germination. Initially, the substrates with sowing in vermiculite, were evaluated in rolled paper towels, in sand and in soil using alternating temperature of 20-30 degrees C. The most favorable substrates for germination were evaluated with another stage, using constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternating ones, of 15-35 degrees C, 20-35 degrees C and 20-30 degrees C. One concluded that the germination test of physic nut seeds must be performed with the alternating temperature of 20-30 degrees C in sand or paper towel and with final counting 10 days after sowing.

Temperatura e substrato para a germinação de sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis Benth.

In germination tests, substrate and ideal temperature are important for providing favorable conditions for the germination of seeds and the eventual development of seedlings. This research aimed at evaluating the effects of temperature and substrate on the germination of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth seeds. Two trials were done. In the first, seeds were submitted to germination under constant temperatures of 5 to 40 degrees C (increases of 5 degrees C) and alternated temperatures of 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 20-30, 25-35 and 20-35 degrees C on paper. In the second trial, temperatures of 25, 20-30 e 20-35 degrees C were used in the substrates on (OP) and between paper (BP), on (OS) and between sand (BS), on (0V) and between vermiculite (BV) and paper roll (PR). The following traits were evaluated: percentage of seeds with protrusion of primary root and normal seedlings; speed germination index; length of primary root and of the hypocotyls and the dry mass of seedlings. A completely randomized design was used with 14 treatments. In the first experiment and a factorial scheme of 7 x 3 (7 substrates and 3 temperatures) was used in the second with four replicates of 25 seeds each. In the first experiment the constant temperatures of 25 e 30 degrees C and the alternated of 20-30 e 20-35 degrees C provided best results for the germination of seeds. In the second, the temperature of 25 C associated with the substrates BP, BS and BV surpassed the other treatments proving adequate for carrying out the germination tests of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth seeds.

Vermiculita como substrato para o teste de germinação de sementes de ipê-amarelo

Vermiculite is a substrate used in seedling production of forest species and can be an option for the germination test of ipe seeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of vermiculite in the germination test of Tabebuia chrysotricha seeds and to stablish appropriate particle size and moisture for this substrate. Four replications of 20 seeds were sown in soil, sand, paper rolls, and vermiculite with different particle sizes: micron (0.15-0.20 mm), superthin (0.21-0.30 mm), thin (0.30-0.50 mm) and medium (0.50-1.19 mm) moistened with water equivalent to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the weight of the dry subtrate. Germination test was carried out at 30 degrees C. The percentage of normal seedlings was obtained seven days after sowing (first count) and then weekly until 28 days, when abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were also counted. It was concluded that the germination test of ipe seeds can be carried out with thin or medium vermiculite moistened with water equivalent to 1.5 times the dry weight of the substrate. These treatments resulted in higher and faster germination (21 days).

Modelling energy utilisation in broiler breeder hens

1. The objective of this study was to determine a metabolisable energy ( ME) requirement model for broiler breeder hens. The influence of temperature on ME requirements for maintenance was determined in experiments conducted in three environmental rooms with temperatures kept constant at 13, 21 and 30 degrees C using a comparative slaughter technique. The energy requirements for weight gain were determined based upon body energy content and efficiency of energy utilisation for weight gain. The energy requirements for egg production were determined on the basis of egg energy content and efficiency of energy deposition in the eggs.2. The following model was developed using these results: ME = kgW(0.75)(806.53 - 26.45T + 0.50T(2)) + 31.90G + 10.04EM, where kgW(0.75) is body weight (kg) raised to the power 0.75, T is temperature (degrees C), G is weight gain (g) and EM is egg mass (g).3. A feeding trial was conducted using 400 Hubbard Hi-Yield broiler breeder hens and 40 Peterson males from 31 to 46 weeks of age in order to compare use of the model with a recommended feeding programme for this strain of bird. The application of the model in breeder hens provided good productive and reproductive performance and better results in feed and energy conversion than in hens fed according to strain recommendation. In conclusion, the model evaluated predicted an ME intake which matched breeder hens' requirements.

Composição centesimal da carne de cordeiros submetidos a dietas com diferentes teores de concentrado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Production of fibrolytic enzymes by Aspergillus japonicus C03 using agro-industrial residues with potential application as additives in animal feed

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Composição química e digestibilidade da vagem de algarobeira (prosopis juliflora, (sw) dc) submetida a diferentes tratamentos térmicos

The ground pods of mesquite (GPM) was submitted to different thermal treatments for two hours after wanted temperature stabilization, for making of the treatments: A = ground pods of mesquite without heat treatment (approximately 30 degrees C); B = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 60 degrees C; C = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 80 degrees C; D = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 100 degrees C and E = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 120 degrees C. Soon after, samples were collected for accomplishment for chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility. A completely randomized design with three replications was utilized. The DM, CP, NFE, CF, ADF, celluloses, lignin, ash and CE values, did not were affected (P>0.05) by temperature. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) on the contents of EE, decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) on the CC and increasing linear effect on the NDF (P<0.01) and Hemicellulose (P<0.05) contents. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and the in vitro organic matter digestibility were not affected (P>0.05) by temperature. on the other hand the in vitro protein digestibility level, showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05), decreasing after 54 degrees C.

Optimization of fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus japonicus C03 with potential application in ruminant feed and their effects on tropical forages hydrolysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da temperatura ambiente e do sistema de criação sobre as exigências de energia metabolizável para mantença de aves reprodutoras pesadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Qualidade pós-colheita de mangas, não-refrigeradas, e submetidas ao controle da ação do etileno

O presente trabalho objetivou-se na caracterização físico-química de mangas cv. Tommy Atkins e Haden, submetidas ao controle da ação do etileno, através da exposição dos frutos à ação de adsorvedores de etileno. Os frutos colhidos em estádio de fisiologicamente maturos foram embalados em filmes de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 0,006 mm de espessura, com ou sem o sachê de adsorção de etileno, e acondicionados em embalagens de papelão (0,65 x 0,52 m), sem o controle da temperatura e da umidade relativa (30 ± 3 ºC e 70 ± 5 % de U.R.). Os tratamentos ficaram constituídos dessa maneira: T1 - mangas cv. Tommy Atkins, com o sachê de adsorção; T2 - mangas cv. Tommy Atkins, sem o sachê de adsorção; T3- mangas cv. Haden com o sachê de adsorção, e T4 - mangas cv Haden sem o sachê de adsorção. As análises de firmeza de polpa, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, ácido ascórbico e concentração de etileno foram realizadas na instalação do experimento (dia 0), e aos 7; 14; 21; 28 e 35 dias; e aos 35 dias foi realizado um teste de preferência. Ao final do experimento, observou-se que, em ambas as cultivares, a menor concentração de etileno nas embalagens, a maior firmeza de polpa, a maior contenção no avanço e na diminuição do SS e AT, respectivamente, bem como a melhor manutenção do conteúdo de ácido ascórbico foram detectadas nos frutos acondicionados em embalagens contendo o sachê de adsorção de etileno. Não foram detectadas variações significativas nos valores de pH. No teste de preferência, houve variação significativa, onde os frutos acondicionados sob ação do adsorvedor de etileno foram preferidos por parte dos julgadores.

Viabilidade de utilização de um compósito a partir de resíduos para a construção de casas populares

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Isomaltulose production from Sucrose by Protaminobacter rubrum immobilized in calcium alginate

Different culture conditions for Protaminobacter rubrum and enzymatic reaction parameters were evaluated with the goal of improving isomaltulose production. P. rubrum was grown in a medium with 1% (w/v) cane molasses and 0.5% yeast extract and achieved a maximum cell yield Y(x/s) of 0.295 g of cells/g sucrose and a specific growth rate (mu) of 0.192 h(-1). The immobilization of P. rubrum cells was carried out with calcium alginate, glutaraldehyde and polyethyleneimine. Stabile immobilized cell pellets were obtained and used 24 times in batch processes. Enzymatic conversion was carried out at different sucrose concentrations and in pH 6 medium with 70% (w/v) sucrose at 30 degrees C an isomaltulose yield of 89-94% (w/v) was obtained. The specific activity of the P. rubrum immobilized pellets in calcium alginate at 30 degrees C ranged from 1.6 to 4.0 g isomaltulose g(-1) pellet h(-1), respectively with 70% and 65% sucrose solution, while in lower sucrose concentration had higher specific activities presumably due to substrate inhibition of the isomaltulose synthase in higher sucrose concentrations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Expression, purification, and circular dichroism analysis of human CDK9

The human cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) protein was expressed in E coli BL21 using the pET23a vector at 30 degrees C. Several milligrams of protein were purified from soluble fraction using ionic exchange and ATP-affinity chromatography. The structural quality of recombinant CDK9 and the estimation of its secondary structure were obtained by circular dichroism. Structural models of CDK9 presented 26% of helices in agreement with the spectra by circular dichroism analysis. This is the first report on human CDK9 expression in Escherichia coli and structure analysis and provides the first step for the development of CDK9 inhibitors. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of liposomes stability containing soy phosphatidyleholine and hydrogenated soy phosphatydylcholine adding or not cholesterol by turbidity method

Study of Liposomes Stability Containing Soy Phosphatidyleholine and Hydrogenated Soy Phosphatydylcholine Adding or Not Cholesterol by Turbidity Method. Liposomes are structures composed by phospholipids as soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) and hydrogenated soy phosphatydylcholine (PCH). Among the methods used to prove liposomes stability, turbidity method is widely used. The objective of this work was to study the liposomes stability containing PC or PCH with and without cholesterol (CHOL) by turbidity method. Liposomes were stored a 30 degrees C during 90 days and periodically absorbance readings at 410 nm were made to verify possible turbidity alterations. Increases in the turbidity with time occurred for PC liposomes. In the presence of CHOL higher turbidity was obtained probably reflecting the increase in the size of liposomes. For PCH liposomes the presence of CHOL did not affect the turbidity suggesting higher physical stability of the structures.

Development and validation of HPLC method for analysis of dexamethasone acetate in microemulsions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)