Traduzindo literaturas periféricas: a literatura norueguesa

Traduções literárias de línguas/culturas periféricas tendem a ser esporádicas e, como tais, tornam-se mais propensas a buscar integrar o polissistema literário meta, abandonando os elos entre a obra original e seu polissistema fonte. Para atingir essa integração a abordagem assimilativa (ou domesticadora, no sentido de Venuti, 1998) mostra-se quase inevitável. O presente ensaio, tomando como exemplo as traduções efetivas e potenciais de obras da literatura norueguesa para o português brasileiro, sustenta que seria possível adotar uma abordagem diversa, que buscasse reproduzir - ainda que parcialmente - o polissistema fonte (ou fragmentos relevantes desse). Esta abordagem exigirá mais do que um esforço tradutório pontual: terá de ser mobilizada uma estratégia intercultural, planejando a tradução paulatina de uma multiplicidade de obras relevantes - e, destarte, estabelecer uma imitatio do polissistema fonte nos espaços de recepção brasileiros.

Crianças com implante coclear: habilidades comunicativas e qualidade de vida

Dado o âmbito multidimensional do implante coclear, há crescente necessidade em avaliar não somente medidas clínicas de eficácia relacionadas às habilidades comunicativas, mas também aspectos mais genéricos envolvidos na efetividade do tratamento, como a qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Tradução e adaptação de questionário internacional para o Português Brasileiro; análise das correlações entre fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida; análise das correlações entre qualidade de vida e medidas clínicas de resultado. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo realizado com pais de crianças com implante coclear consistindo na aplicação de instrumentos validados para avaliar aspectos de qualidade de vida e habilidades comunicativas. RESULTADOS: A tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário foi satisfatoriamente realizada e este estudo proporciona a disponibilização do questionário em versão para o Português Brasileiro. Pelos dados obtidos, o implante coclear apresentou efeito positivo na qualidade de vida das crianças implantadas e de suas famílias. As correlações observadas para a variável comunicação demonstram uma relação direta entre comunicação oral e outras variáveis de qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo disponibiliza o questionário em versão para o Português Brasileiro. Para os pais de crianças brasileiras usuárias de implante coclear, a habilidade lexical (aquisição e uso das palavras) é a variável de maior impacto na qualidade de vida de seus filhos.

Denominal Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese: distinguishing between diachronic and synchronic structures within Distributed Morphology approach

Recent work on argument structure has shown that there must be a synchronic relation between nouns and derived verbs that can be treated in structural terms. However, a simple phonological/morphological identity or diachronic derivation between a verb and a noun cannot guarantee that there is a denominal structure in a synchronic approach. In this paper we observe the phenomenon of Denominal Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese and argue for a distinction between etymological and synchronic morphological derivation. The objectives of this paper are 1) to identify synchronic and formal criteria to define which diachronic Denominal Verbs can also be considered denominal under a synchronic analysis; and 2) to detect in which cases the label "denominal" can be justifiably abandoned. Based on results of argument structure tests submitted to the judgments of native speakers, it was possible to classify the supposed homogenous Denominal Verbs class into three major groups: Real Denominal Verbs, Root-derived Verbs, and Ambiguous Verbs. In a Distributed Morphology approach, it was possible to explain the distinction between these groups based on the ideia of phases in words and the locality of restriction in the interpretation of roots.

Motivações semântico-cognitivas e discursivo-pragmáticas no uso de sufixos graduadores nominais

We study the use of nominal suffixes of degree, such as -inho, -ão, -íssimo, -ílimo, -érrimo in written texts in Brazilian Portuguese, by focusing on semantic, cognitive, pragmatic and discourse aspects involved in using these suffixes. In general, we aim to identify semanticcognitive and discourse-pragmatic factors that motivate the usage of nominal suffixes of degree and to contribute for the study of degree in Portuguese class in Basic Education. The theoretical perspective underlying our research is the Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, as conceived by group of researchers of Discurso & Gramática (FURTADO DA CUNHA, BISPO, SILVA, 2013; MARTELOTTA, 2011). According to this theoretical model, language model uses the shape of the grammar of a language at the same time they are provisioned for it. In this sense, speech and grammar influence each other. In terms of methodology, we make an eminently qualitative research with quantitative support as evidence of use of trend. It is characterized also by descriptive and interpretive bias of the phenomenon under study. Empirical evidence from our analysis come from a corpus consisting of written texts from Veja magazine, January to June 2011 issues, particularly Carta do Leitor e Gente sections, the latter representative of the Coluna Social magazine. The results of our analysis showed that the use of nominal graders suffixes are related to semantic-cognitive factors (construction of certain text directions, the association more grounded aspects of concrete experience or the more abstract meanings, for example), the discourse-pragmatic issues (range certain communicative purposes, as critique, judge, mock, claim, involving the reader, seeking her membership of a particular point of view). In addition, we found that the use of these morphic elements in genres of the sample analyzed were related to the subjectivity of the writer and the inter-subjective issues involving writer and reader, as Traugott and Dasher (2002). Finally, we contemplate discussion about the approach of our object of study in Portuguese classes in Basic Education.

Padrões de ordenação de constituintes das construções V2/V3 superficiais em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos séculos 19 e 20

In line with the model of grammar competition (Kroch, 1989; 2001), according to which the change in the syntactic domains is a process that develops via competition between different grammars, we describe and analyze the superficial constructions V2 / V3 in matrices / roots sentences of brazilian personal letters of the 19th and 20th centuries. The corpus, composed by 154 personal letters of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Norte, is divided into three century halves: (i) latter half of the 19th century; (ii) first half of the 20th century; and (iii) latter half of the 20th century. Our focus was the observation of the nature of preverbal constituents in superficial constructions V2 (verb in second position in the sentence) and V3 (verb in third position in the sentence), with a special attention on the position of the subject. Based on the various diachronical studies about the Portuguese ordination standards (Ambar (1992); Ribeiro (1995, 2001); Paixão de Sousa (2004); Paiva (2011), Coelho and Martins (2009, 2012)), our study sought to realize what are empirical ordination standards that involve superficial constructions V2 / V3 and how these patterns structure syntactically within a formal theoretical perspective (Chomsky, 1981; 1986), more specifically, in accordance with studies of Antonelli (2011), and Costa & Galves (2002). The survey results show that the data from the second half of the 19th century – unlike the first and second half of the 20th century data – have a greater balance in relation to the syntactic nature of preverbal constituent (contiguous or not), so that, in this period, the occurrence of orders with the subject in a preverbal position arrives at, at most, 52% (231/444 data); while in the 48% (213/444 data) remaining, the preverbal constituents are represented by a non-subject constituent, almost always an adverbial adjunct. Seen the results, we advocate that the brazilian personal letters of the 19th century have ordination patterns associated with a V2 system and an SV system, configuring, therefore, a possible competition process between different grammars that instantiate or a V2 system or an SV system. In other words, the brazilian letters of the 19th century instantiate a competition between the grammar of Classic Portuguese (a V2 system) and the grammars of Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese (an SV system). Therefore, that period is subject to the completion of two distinct parametric markings: (i) verb moved to the Fin core (grammar of Classic Portuguese) and (ii) verb moved to the T core (grammar of Brazilian Portuguese /European Portuguese). On the other hand, in the personal letters of the 20th century (first and second halves), there is a clear increase in ordenation patterns associated with the SV system, which shows more stable.

A colocação de pronomes clíticos em sentenças infinitivas preposicionadas na escrita brasileira dos séculos XIX e XX

In this work we present the description and analysis of the clitics collocation patterns in prepositional infinitive sentences within the Brazilian writing in the centuries XIX and XX. The corpus in analysis is comprised of letters of newspaper readers and newspaper writers, as well as of advertisements (ads) taken from Brazilian newspapers from different regions / states – Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Ceará and Pernambuco – and written in the Centuries XIX and XX. They belong to the common minimum corpus of the project named Projeto para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB or Project to the History of the Brazilian Portuguese, in English). Its analysis is based on theoreticalmethodological postulates of the Theory of Variation and Change (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968[2006]; LABOV, 1972[2008]); on the Theory of Principles and Parameters (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986) and on the model of Grammar Competition (KROCH, 1989; 2001). By trying to articulate those presuppositions from both the theories we present a proposition of theoretical interface between the Variation Theory and the Grammar one. Concerning the empirical results achieved by means of this research, we could figure that, in the context in which there were prepositional infinitive sentences, the most significant independent variable to the occurrence of the proclisis is the type of preposition that comes before the verb in the infinitive. Before that, we found out that there are prepositions which strongly direct the proclisis, as it is the case of the prepositions in Portuguese sem, por, de and para, with all of them presenting Relative Weights over 0,52. Another important result is the one attested in the data referring the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). This state is the only one of the sample which is located in the Southeastern region and also presents itself as the main proclisis conditioner amongst the localities pertaining to the sample. In order to explain those results, we raised the hypothesis that the proclisis implementation may be more advanced in the Southeastern than in the Northeastern Brazil, however that hypothesis must be confirmed or refuted in future works. We also present, in this work, a theoretical explanation about the clitics colocation in prepositional infinitive sentences within the Brazilian writing in the XIX and XX centuries. The theoretical explanation we found to interpret the achieved results associates Magro’s proposition (2005), regarding the existence of prepositions occupying the nucleus PP and the existence of prepositions which can play the role of a completer and occupy the nucleus CP, according to Galves (2000; 2001), regarding the existent relation between the clitic colocation and the association of traits-phi to the functional categories COMP, Tense and Person. Our proposition is that the occurrence of prepositions which occupy the nucleus CP causes changes in the values attributed to the traits-phi and to the strong Vtraits in the functional categories COMP, Tense and Person. Thus, we defend that proclisis in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is derived from the movement of the verb to the functional category tense in which there is the association of traits +V and traits +AGR, what legitimates the proclisis according to Galves´s proposition (2000; 2001).

Os possessivos de segunda pessoa em cartas de leitores de jornais brasileiros dos séculos XIX e XX

Based on the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of the theory of language variation and change (cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006 [1968]), it is described and analyzed in this article the process of variation/change concerning the second person possessive pronouns in letters from readers of Brazilian newspapers from the XIX and XX centuries. These letters feature a portrait of the Brazilian press from the South (Santa Catarina), Southeast (Rio de Janeiro) and Northeast (Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte) regions in each century and are part of the Project for Brazilian Portuguese History‘s (PHPB) printed common minimal corpus. The point of departure of this work is the idea that the use of variant forms of expressing second person possessive pronouns – teu and seu – results from the interaction characterizing the varied social roles performed by the letters‘ senders. Arranging communicative units, which gather elements/features denoting time and space, conditioned and determined by socio-historical and cultural aspects, the readers‘ letters, turn out to be a promising research field under the light of this paper. More specifically, In the row of presented results in studies about the pronominal system in the diachroneity of/in Brazilian Portuguese (PB) (FARACO, 2002; LORENGIAN-PENKAL, 2007; CALLOU; LOPES, 2003; LOPES; DUARTE, 2003; MENON, 2005; ARDUIN; COELHO, 2006; LOPES, 2009; MARCOTULIO, 2010), the results featured in here point at different usages of the possessives, noticing the coexistence of the forms teu/tua and seu/sua strongly conditioned by the socio-discursive nature of the readers‘ letters in the course of the centuries and through different regions.

Os possessivos de segunda pessoa em cartas de leitores de jornais brasileiros dos séculos XIX e XX

Based on the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of the theory of language variation and change (cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006 [1968]), it is described and analyzed in this article the process of variation/change concerning the second person possessive pronouns in letters from readers of Brazilian newspapers from the XIX and XX centuries. These letters feature a portrait of the Brazilian press from the South (Santa Catarina), Southeast (Rio de Janeiro) and Northeast (Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte) regions in each century and are part of the Project for Brazilian Portuguese History‘s (PHPB) printed common minimal corpus. The point of departure of this work is the idea that the use of variant forms of expressing second person possessive pronouns – teu and seu – results from the interaction characterizing the varied social roles performed by the letters‘ senders. Arranging communicative units, which gather elements/features denoting time and space, conditioned and determined by socio-historical and cultural aspects, the readers‘ letters, turn out to be a promising research field under the light of this paper. More specifically, In the row of presented results in studies about the pronominal system in the diachroneity of/in Brazilian Portuguese (PB) (FARACO, 2002; LORENGIAN-PENKAL, 2007; CALLOU; LOPES, 2003; LOPES; DUARTE, 2003; MENON, 2005; ARDUIN; COELHO, 2006; LOPES, 2009; MARCOTULIO, 2010), the results featured in here point at different usages of the possessives, noticing the coexistence of the forms teu/tua and seu/sua strongly conditioned by the socio-discursive nature of the readers‘ letters in the course of the centuries and through different regions.

A nasalidade no dialeto quilombola do Norte de Minas: uma análise contrastiva baseada em corpus

This research investigated the nasality of vowels in the spontaneous speech of inhabitants of the quilombola communities of Brejo dos Crioulos and Poções (MG). As a theoretical framework, we based on the assumptions of Phonetics and Phonology, in renowned scholars on the investigation of nasality (CAGLIARI, 1977; CÂMARA JR., 1984, 2013; BISOL, 2013; ABAURRE; PAGOTTO, 1996; SILVA, 2015), with subsidies of the Corpus Linguistics. Its general goal was to investigate the occurrence of nasality, in the dialect of these quilombola communities, and their linguistic behavior, considering the linguistic factors that can interfere in the phenomenon. Specifically it was aimed to a) detect the occurrence of nasalized vowels with the help of the resources that the Corpus Linguistics provides (Praat and WorldSmith Tolls); b) discriminate the different types of occurring contexts of nasalized vowels; c) make quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the nasalized vowels in the study corpus; d) describe and analyze the behavior of nasalized vowels and; e) contrast the values of F1 and F2 of the oral and nasalized vowels. It was hypothesized that the nasality happens because it is conditioned by the nasal segment following the nasalized vowel - phonological process of “assimilation” - its position as the primary stress and grammatical category. It was believed that the quilombolas communities of Brejo dos Crioulos and Poções produce nasalized vowels in their speech and this linguistic phenomenon is favored by the adjacent presence of consonants or nasal vowels. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that the values of F1 and F2 of oral and nasalized vowels in these communities are distinct. The following research questions were elaborated: (i) is the presence of nasalized vowels in the speech of these quilombola communities conditioned to the presence of a nasal sound segment? (ii) does the nasal sound segment following the nasalized vowel favor the occurrence of the nasality phenomenon? is there a difference between the values of F1 and F2 of the oral and nasalized vowels in both quilombola communities considered? To compose our corpus, 24 interviews recordings were used (12 female speakers and 12 male speakers), a total of 24 participants. It was found that the following nasal sound segment tends to condition the nasalized vowel. In general, it assimilates the lowering of the soft palate of nasal consonant segment immediately following, but there are cases of nasal vowel segment - regressive assimilation; the stressed syllable tends to favor the nasality, but it occurs in pretonic and postonic position as well; F1 and F2 values of oral and nasalized vowels in the quilombola communities of Poções and Brejo dos Crioulos are distinct: the group of Brejo dos Crioulos tends to produce the F1 of oral and nasalized vowels more lowered than the group of Poções and the F2, in a more anterior position. The nasality tends to occur in verbs and nouns, although it is not specific to a grammatical category. This research found cases of spurious nasalization, confirming previous studies. In turn, it revealed cases of lexical items with favorable context for nasalization, but with its non-occurrence. This last case, considered as the lowering of the uniform soft palate in PB, presented pronounced vowels without the soft palate lowering. That is, it was detected variation in the phenomenon of nasalization in PB. With this work, it was promoted the discussion about nasality, in order to contribute to the linguistic studies about the functioning of Brazilian Portuguese in this geographical context.

Método para reconhecimento de vogais e extração de parâmetros acústicos para analises forenses

Forensic speaker comparison exams have complex characteristics, demanding a long time for manual analysis. A method for automatic recognition of vowels, providing feature extraction for acoustic analysis is proposed, aiming to contribute as a support tool in these exams. The proposal is based in formant measurements by LPC (Linear Predictive Coding), selectively by fundamental frequency detection, zero crossing rate, bandwidth and continuity, with the clustering being done by the k-means method. Experiments using samples from three different databases have shown promising results, in which the regions corresponding to five of the Brasilian Portuguese vowels were successfully located, providing visualization of a speaker’s vocal tract behavior, as well as the detection of segments corresponding to target vowels.

Sistema fiscal português Vs sistema fiscal brasileiro - perspectiva do investidor

Mestrado em Fiscalidade

Projeto para a criação de uma Biblioteca Digital dos Exércitos Português e Brasileiro

Este trabalho de investigação foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências da Informação e Documentação, da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, na área de especialização de Biblioteconomia. Tem como principal objetivo elaborar um projeto de criação de uma Biblioteca Digital Militar dos Exército Português e Brasileiro. Com a criação desta biblioteca pretende-se aproveitar as potencialidades proporcionadas pelas novas tecnologias para facilitar o acesso a informação especializada de âmbito histórico-militar, em formato digital, para apoiar o ensino e a investigação de militares dos dois Exércitos. Contudo, sendo uma biblioteca digital os seus recursos ficarão disponíveis para todos os interessados nas temáticas militares, nomeadamente investigadores de outras áreas do conhecimento e para o público em geral. Consideramos pertinente e útil a criação de uma biblioteca com estas características na medida em que, partilhando Portugal e o Brasil uma história comum, existe um conjunto de documentos relevantes que estão apenas numa ou noutra Biblioteca o que dificulta a sua consulta pela distância física que as separa. Procurando reduzir esses constrangimentos propõe-se a criação de uma biblioteca digital, que permitirá não só facilitar o acesso a conteúdos informativos que podem contribuir para a produção de conhecimento nas temáticas militares como também para promover a Língua Portuguesa. Para que essa iniciativa se possa concretizar no presente trabalho de investigação são definidos os enquadramentos e os conceitos a adotar, as políticas de desenvolvimento e os planos de digitalização, os conteúdos das coleções, a forma como se irão organizar e como os leitores vão pesquisar e recuperar a informação. As opções tomadas no desenho da arquitetura desta biblioteca digital comum aos dois exércitos são fundamentadas na revisão de literatura adequada, na realização de entrevistas para recolher as opiniões de investigadores, diretores de cursos e decisores da estrutura militar e na análise de sítios web de Bibliotecas Digitais Militares de exércitos de países da NATO, para recolher boas práticas que possam ser replicadas.

Planeamento fiscal e reestruturação empresarial: análise dos ordenamentos jurídicos português e brasileiro

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Tributário e Fiscal

Avaliação do ensino superior : uma visão geral e uma análise comparativa entre os contextos brasileiro e português

Reconhecendo que a busca da qualidade no ensino superior se tornou hoje uma preocupação maior dos sistemas educativos de muitos paises tentou-se, neste estudo, compreender este fenômeno, particularmente na forma em que se desenvolveu como componente dos sistemas de avaliação do ensino superior de Brasil e Portugal. Tomando como ponto de partida realidades que manifestam diferentes aproximações e interpretações do tema em discussão, formularam-se hipóteses de trabalho para considerar o que poderá ter influenciado as discussões e negociações que ocorreram para implantação dos sistemas de avaliação do ensino superior de ambos os países: por exemplo, o efeito de novas formas de regulação dos sistemas de ensino superior; o grau de autonomia das instituições públicas de ensino superior; o comportamento e o relacionamento dos Conselhos de Reitores com os governos respectivos; e o funcionamento do mercado e das zonas de influência econômica (no caso do Brasil, o Mercosul e, no caso de Portugal, a União Européia). Tendo em conta estas hipóteses, foram analisadas as atas dos Conselhos de Reitores em ambos os países e feitas entrevistas com diversos atores com o objetivo de compreender de forma comparada os processos que decorreram em ambos os países em estudo Com base nesta análise foi possível concluir que, em ambos os países, os sistemas de regulamentação do ensino superior influenciaram a implantação dos sistemas de avaliação. Contudo, no Brasil, esta influência foi caracterizada pelo modelo de controle do Estado, enquanto que em Portugal foi o modelo de supervisão estatal que predominou. No que respeita à influência do grau de autonomia das instituições de ensino superior, existem diferenças importantes entre os dois países: no Brasil, por exemplo, há falta de autonomia enquanto em Portugal a autonomia tem uma expressão importante. Em relação aos Conselhos de Reitores o seu papel foi importante: no Brasil pela sua ausência e em Portugal por meio de uma participação ativa e decisiva. Em relação ao mercado, foi considerado que tinha alguma importância na universidade mas que a sua influência não se fez sentir diretamente no estabelecimento dos sistemas de avaliação do ensino superior. Quanto à influência das zonas econômicas ficou claro que o Mercosul não teve participação na implementação do sistema de avaliação do ensino superior brasileiro. Contudo, a União Européia foi uma das razões que levaram o Conselho de Reitores Português a iniciar o processo de avaliação nas universidades. Além de tudo isto, verificou-se que a lógica por trás do desenvolvimento da autonomia e da avaliação foi inversa nos dois países: no Brasil o ponto de partida foi a avaliação vista como conduzindo à autonomia; em Portugal, a autonomia foi o ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento da avaliação.