De ratones y hombres. Maus, de Art Spiegelman

This article analyses the cómic book Maus, by Art Spiegelman (1986-1991), from two angles: as a work of art dealing with the Holocaust, and as a cómic that subverts the fictional tradition of the genre, opening itself up to history and the narration of reality. Maus, the first cómic book to treat the topic of the Holocaust in depth, was written by a second-generation witness. It is a story of both physical survival and enduring trauma in the family. At the same time, an analysis of the stratevival and enduring trauma in the family. At the same time, an analysis of the strateof the traditional cómic reveals how Spiegelman has used the genre to recount, instead of fiction and for the first time, a historically authentic biographical tale

Lista actualizada de los opistobranquios (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) de las costas catalanas

Se presenta una lista taxonómica de las especies de opistobranquios (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) registradas hasta el presente en aguas litorales o de profundidad de las costas catalanas (NE Península Ibérica). Esta lista se basa en citas publicadas en la literatura, en citas fotográficas procedentes de Internet, en comunicaciones personales de buceadores y en numerosos datos inéditos de recolecciones del autor. De cada especie se indican las referencias bibliográficas, y en el caso de los datos no publicados o procedentes de Internet, se indican las localidades concretas donde se han recolectado u observado. En aguas catalanas se registran hasta el momento un total de 205 especies de opistobranquios: 36 de Cephalaspidea s.s., 9 de Architectibranchia, 7 de Anaspidea, 11 de Thecosomata, 3 de Gymnosomata, 14 de Sacoglossa, 2 de Umbraculacea, 8 de Pleurobranchacea y 115 de Nudibranchia (55 Doridina, 14 Dendronotina, 4 Arminina y 42 Aeolidina). De estas especies, tres de ellas se citan por vez primera para el litoral ibérico (Runcina adriatica, R. brenkoae y Tritonia lineata), mientras que otras siete más no habían sido recolectadas en el litoral catalán (Runcina coronata, R. ferruginea, Elysia translucens, Ercolania coerulea, Berthellina edwarsi, Doris ocelligera y Piseinotecus gabinieri). Teniendo en cuenta la extensión del litoral catalán (550 km de costa) y comparando con los datos publicados para otras regiones costeras de la Península Ibérica, se puede concluir que las costas catalanas son muy ricas en biodiversidad de opistobranquios, y que el grado de conocimiento alcanzado sobre este grupo de moluscos es muy alto.

Soil organic matter pools in a tropical savanna under agroforestry system in Northeastern Brazil

This study aimed at quantifying total organic carbon stocks and its pools in Acrisol under agroforestry systems with six (AFS6) and thirteen years old (AFS13), slash-and-burn agriculture (SBA) and savanna native forest (SNF) in northeastern Brazil. Soil samples were collected at 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m depths in the dry and rainy seasons to evaluate total organic carbon (TOC) stocks and labile carbon (LC), fulvic acid fraction (C-FAF), humic acid fraction (C-HAF), humin (C-HF) and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) contents. Additionally, carbon management index (CMI) was determined. Higher TOC stocks (97.7 and 81.8 Mg ha-1 for the 0-0.40 m depth in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and LC, humic substances and Cmic contents were observed in the AFS13 in all the depths. CMI also was higher in the AFS13 (0-0. 05 m: 158 and 86; 0.05-0.10 m: 171 and 67, respectively for the dry and rainy seasons) especially when compared to the SBA (0-0.05 m: 5.6 and 5.4; 0.05-0.10 m: 5.3 and 5.8, respectively for dry and rainy seasons). The agroforestry systems increased soil quality through the conservation of organic matter and can be considered an excellent strategy to assurance sustainability in tropical soil of Northeastern Brazil

A transnacionalização do espiritismo kardecista brasileiro: uma discussão inicial

No presente artigo ensaia-se uma investigação preliminar sobre a transnacionalização do espiritismo kardecista brasileiro para o exterior. A partir do exame de alguns elementos históricos, como o papel desempenhado pela Federação Espírita Brasileira e a atuação do líder e médium Divaldo Franco na exportação da tradição espírita "made in Brazil", busca-se entender as metamorfoses e adaptações sofridas por esta religião na migração e fixação de imigrantes brasileiros em outros países. Neste cenário de participação hegemônica do kardecismo brasileiro na organização internacional do movimento espírita, discute-se: 1) a difusão deste modelo para o mundo ibérico e latino, o papel adaptador do kardecismo; 2) seu papel como organizador simbólico de cosmologias familiares de imigrantes brasileiros já estabelecidos nos Estados Unidos e na Europa.

Effects of fertilizer type and rate on partitioning of soil organic matter into pools of different stability

Type and rate of fertilizers influence the level of soil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) markedly, but the effect on C and N partitioning into different pools is open to question. The objectives of the present work were to: (i) quantify the impact of fertilizer type and rate on labile, intermediate and passive C and N pools by using a combination of biological, chemical and mathematical methods; (ii) explain previously reported differences in the soil organic matter (SOM) levels between soils receiving farmyard manure with or without biodynamic preparations by using Corg time series and information on SOM partitioning; and (iii) quantify the long-term and short-term dynamics of SOM in density fractions and microbial biomass as affected by fertilizer type and rate and determine the incorporation of crop residues into labile SOM fractions. Samples were taken from a sandy Cambisol from the long-term fertilization trial in Darmstadt, Germany, founded in 1980. The nine treatments (four field replicates) were: straw incorporation plus application of mineral fertilizer (MSI) and application of rotted farmyard manure with (DYN) or without (FYM) addition of biodynamic preparations, each at high (140 – 150 kg N ha-1 year-1; MSIH, DYNH, FYMH), medium (100 kg N ha-1 year-1; MSIM, DYNM, FYMM) and low (50 – 60 kg N ha-1 year-1; MSIL, DYNL, FYML) rates. The main findings were: (i) The stocks of Corg (t ha-1) were affected by fertilizer type and rate and increased in the order MSIL (23.6), MSIM (23.7), MSIH (24.2) < FYML (25.3) < FYMM (28.1), FYMH (28.1). Stocks of Nt were affected in the same way (C/N ratio: 11). Storage of C and N in the modelled labile pools (turnover times: 462 and 153 days for C and N, respectively) were not influenced by the type of fertilizer (FYM and MSI) but depended significantly (p ≤ 0.05) on the application rate and ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 t C ha 1 (7 – 13% of Corg) and from 90 to 140 kg N ha-1 (4-5% of Nt). In the calculated intermediate pool (C/N ratio 7), stocks of C were markedly higher in FYM treatments (15-18 t ha-1) compared to MSI treatments (12-14 t ha-1). This showed that differences in SOM stocks in the sandy Cambisol induced by fertilizer rate may be short-lived in case of changing management, but differences induced by fertilizer type may persist for decades. (ii) Crop yields, estimated C inputs (1.5 t ha-1 year-1) with crop residue, microbial bio¬mass C (Cmic, 118 – 150 mg kg-1), microbial biomass N (17 – 20 mg kg-1) and labile C and N pools did not differ significantly between FYM and DYN treatments. However, labile C increased linearly with application rate (R2 = 0.53) from 7 to 11% of Corg. This also applied for labile N (3.5 to 4.9% of Nt). The higher contents of Corg in DYN treatments existed since 1982, when the first sampling was conducted for all individual treatments. Contents of Corg between DYN and FYM treatments con-verged slightly since then. Furthermore, at least 30% of the difference in Corg was located in the passive pool where a treatment effect could be excluded. Therefore, the reported differences in Corg contents existed most likely since the beginning of the experiment and, as a single factor of biodynamic agriculture, application of bio-dynamic preparations had no effect on SOM stocks. (iii) Stocks of SOM, light fraction organic C (LFOC, ρ ≤ 2.0 g cm-3), light fraction organic N and Cmic decreased in the order FYMH > FYML > MSIH, MSIL for all sampling dates in 2008 (March, May, September, December). However, statistical significance of treatment effects differed between the dates, probably due to dif-ferences in the spatial variation throughout the year. The high proportion of LFOC on total Corg stocks (45 – 55%) highlighted the importance of selective preservation of OM as a stabilization mechanism in this sandy Cambisol. The apparent turnover time of LFOC was between 21 and 32 years, which agreed very well with studies with substantially longer vegetation change compared to our study. Overall, both approaches; (I) the combination of incubation, chemical fractionation and simple modelling and (II) the density fractionation; provided complementary information on the partitioning of SOM into pools of different stability. The density fractionation showed that differences in Corg stocks between FYM and MSI treatments were mainly located in the light fraction, i.e. induced by higher recalcitrance of the organic input in the FYM treatments. Moreover, the use of the combination of biological, chemical and mathematical methods indicated that effects of fertilizer rate on total Corg and Nt stocks may be short-lived, but that the effect of fertilizer type may persist for longer time spans in the sandy Cambisol.

Causes of legume rotation induced yield increases in cereals grown on West African soils

This study was conducted to investigate soil biological and chemical factors that give rise to cereal yield enhancing effects of legume rotations on sandy, nutrient poor West African soils. The aim was not only to gain more information on the role of legume residues and microorganisms in the soil nutrient cycle. But the study aimed at evaluating if differences in substrate qualities (e.g. root residues) cause changes in the microbial community structure due to specific and highly complex microbe-root-soil interactions. Site and system specific reactions of microorganisms towards rewetting, simulating the onset of rainy season, were observed. Higher respiration rates, higher amounts of microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) as well as higher ergosterol, muramic acid, glucosamine and adenylate concentrations were measured in CL soils of Koukombo and in both soils from Fada. The immediate increase in ATP concentrations after rewetting was likely caused by rehydration of microbial cells where N was not immobilized and, thus, available for plants facilitating their rapid development. Legume root residues led only to slightly better plant performances compared to the control, while the application of cereal roots reduced seedling growth. In contrast to sorghum seedlings, the microbial community did not react to the mineral treatment. Thus the energy supply in form of organic amendments increased microbial indices compared to mineral P application and the control. The results of basal respiration rates, Cmic and Corg levels indicate that the microbial community in the soil from Koukombo is less efficient in substrate use compared to microorganisms in the soil from Fada. However, the continuous carbon input by legume root residues might have contributed to these differences in soil fertility. With the 33P isotopic exchange method a low buffering capacity was detected in both soils irrespective of treatments. Calculated E values (E1min to E1min-1d and E1d-3m) indicated a slowly release of P due to root turnover while applied mineral P is taken up by plants or fixed to the soil. Due to the fact that sorghum growth reacted mainly to the application of mineral P and the microorganisms solely to the organic inputs, the combination of both amendments seems to be the best approach to a sustainable increase of crop production on many nutrient-poor, sandy West African soils. In a pot experiment, were CC and CL soils from Fada and Koukombo were adjusted to the same level of P and N concentrations, crop growth was significantly higher on CL soils, compared to the respective treatments on CC soils. Mycorrhizal infection of roots was increased and the number of nematodes, predominantly free living nematodes, was almost halfed on rotation soils. In conclusion, increased nutrient availability (especially P and N) through the introduction of legumes is not the only reason for the observed yield increasing effects. Soil biological factors seem to also play an important role. In a root chamber experiment the pH gradient along the root-soil-interface was measured at three times using an antimony microelectrode. For Fada soils, pH values were higher on CL than CC soils while the opposite was true for the Koukombo soils. Site-specific differences between Fada and Koukombo soils in N content and microbial community structures might have created varying crop performances leading to the contrasting pH findings. However, the mechanisms involved in this highly complex microbe-root-soil interaction remain unclear.

Héroes y villanos de ficción al servicio de la ciencia.

El objetivo principal que se ha planteado a la hora de desarrollar este proyecto de innovación fue el de desarrollar una serie de materiales, estrategias y actividades concretas que, una vez incluídas en nuestras programaciones didácticas, permitieran la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, fomentando así el interés de los alumnos por las disciplinas científicas haciendo hincapié en sus relaciones interdisciplinares. Hemos realizado una reflexión sobre las implicaciones didácticas la utilización del cine, el cómic y la literatura en el aula. A través del desarrollo del proyecto, hemos hecho una selección de películas, cómics y lecturas para incluirlas en el desarrollo de la programación de las asignaturas de Física y Química de tercero y cuarto ESO y primero de Bachillerato, Métodos de la Ciencia y Ética, para posteriormente investigar si el uso de estos nuevos recursos influye en las actitudes de los alumnos ante la ciencia y sus implicaciones en los distintos aspectos de la sociedad. Se ha investigado la visión del científico en el imaginario colectivo del alumnado. Las actividades con ellos se han desarrollado a través de actividades de aula complementarias y extraescolares. Además, han elaborado un material gráfico y audiovisual que se ha concretado en una pequeña investigación.

Museo Cigarralejo. Cuadernos didácticos.

Cuaderno didáctico que incluye diez fichas correspondientes cada una de ellas a las diez salas del museo. En éstas se presentan simultaneamente una sucesión variada de ajuares completos de tumbas, ordenadas cronológicamente, testimonios relativos a los grandes temas sociales y culturales del mundo ibérico al que pertenece el yacimiento de El Cigarralejo. La colección monográfica expuesta en el museo permite rastrear la evolución de la civilización y la cultura de un poblado íbero. Cada una de las fichas incluye una hoja del alumno con actividades y una selección de vocabulario relativo a los restos arqueológicos y formas y costumbres de los íberos.

Las clases de un clásico : arde la Celestina.

Esta obra se acompaña del resultado del trabajo de taller literario propuesto y titulado como el subtítulo de esta publicación

Análisis de las construcciones narrativas del espacio y del tiempo en los cómics de los escolares de tercer ciclo de enseñanza primaria.

Analizar las peculiaridades discursivas de los cómics realizados por el alumnado de tercer ciclo de Enseñanza Primaria, con la intención de comprender los procesos, habilidades y estrategias que los niños de 10 a 12 años utilizan cuando narran con imágenes y palabras. La creación de este tipo de textos supone el dominio, por parte de sus autores, de habilidades relacionadas con la construcción narrativa - el espacio y el tiempo-, con el lenguaje gráfico, el escrito y el código verboicónico del cómic. La metodología utilizada se encuadra en el paradigma interpretativo, desarrollando estrategias propias del modelo ecológico y de investigación-acción que posibilitan el análisis de los cómics realizados teniendo en cuenta el contexto escolar en el que se realiza la investigación. La realización de las pruebas se ha llevado a cabo a lo largo de cuatro cursos escolares, el alumnado participante en la investigación son niños y niñas de quinto y sexto curso del tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria, con unas edades que van de los 10 a los 12 años. Su número, por grupo-aula, oscila entre los 24 y 27 alumnos. Las conclusiones abordan, principalmente, los modelos narrativos utilizados por los niños participantes en la investigación, diferenciando las características y las principales dificultades detectadas en ellos en cuanto a la construcción del espacio, del tiempo y uso del código del cómic. Finalmente, se abordan una serie de implicaciones educativas derivadas de la investigación, centradas en las estrategias de alfabetización con los diferentes lenguajes.

Sol y Darío.

Publicación en forma de cómic para alumnado entre 11 y 14 años, dirigida a concienciar a los escolares sobre la realidad social de la población con discapacidad asociada a limitaciones en la movilidad. Desarrolla de forma amena y fácilmente comprensible, las dificultades de accesibilidad, desplazamiento, movilidad, acceso y alcance que tiene el alumnado, y en general las personas con dicha discapacidad, así como las alternativas y mecanismos que dan respuesta y solucionan estas dificultades.

La comunicación audiovisual y el desarrollo de las competencias básicas.

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Ayudas a la innovación e investigación educativa en centros docentes de niveles no universitarios, Gobierno de Aragón 2009-10

Mousse de Quarck

Vinyeta d'un còmic ambientat en un laboratori de recerca

Carta de Còrdova. 'Carta de Córdoba'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

L'esquitx, un desig carregat de futur.

Trata del proyecto Esquitx, una revista que lleva ya más de seis años en funcionamiento, y que va dirigida a lectores de edades comprendidas entre los nueve y los quince años. Y su intención es que mediante el cómic se quiere hacer llegar a los niños unos contenidos y objetivos de la revista de manera lúdica, acercándolos a la obra de numerosos y reconocidos dibujantes de nuestra tierra. Se nos presenta como una propuesta de lectura útil tanto en casa como en la escuela o en la biblioteca, porque si buen incluye materiales vinculados a la esfera del conocimiento y el aprendizaje, los presenta siempre de forma no académica y, además, los combina con otros de carácter más lúdico, especialmente los cómics. Hay que decir que es una revista en lengua catalana que pretende su normalización.