La Educación de Adultos en la Región de Murcia : un horizonte de futuro.

Debido a los cambios sociales, culturales y tecnológicos, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de variar y aumentar la oferta formativa en la educación de personas adultas. En el caso de la región de Murcia, se reseñan las propuestas educativas, distribuidas en los diferentes centros de adultos repartidos por la zona. Se comenta la idea de actualizar y consolidar este tipo de enseñanzas de cara a nuevas necesidades formativas, destinadas a ampliar conocimientos y aptitudes para el desarrollo personal y profesional. En este sentido se plantea la conveniencia de integrar las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, y su uso como herramienta didáctica, y una formación destinada a la población inmigrante.

The pet person.

El perro Rex quiere de regalo para su cumpleaños una persona como mascota. Pero sus padres, su tío y sus abuelos le dicen que las personas son horribles, malolientes e imposibles de adiestrar. Rex no está convencido de esto y sale a la calle a buscar su mascota.

A sense of place. 1 : place and space in Britain.

Para alumnos que estudian geografía. El enfoque es presentar unas ideas a través de una serie de datos, textos, fotografías, dibujos, diagramas, estadísticas, mapas etc. Se hace hincapié en la comprensión de las ideas más que en la memorización de los hechos, si bien la adquisición de conocimientos de los lugares y de los pueblos se considera como un objetivo importante.

Djerba : un proyecto modelo de Educación Ambiental.

Título anterior de la publicación : Boletín de la Comisión Española de la UNESCO

Análisis para la reducción del consumo de recursos materiales y energéticos del IES Vega del Táder.

Proyecto cuya finalidad es lograr una reflexión sobre el consumo de recursos energéticos, materiales, contaminación, producción de residuos... Los objetivos, planteados a corto y medio plazo, tratan de promover la sensibilidad de toda la comunidad educativa respecto a la educación ambiental, optimizar el gasto económico del centro de enseñanza desarrollando medidas que impliquen ahorro de recursos materiales o energéticos, aumentar la calidad ambiental del centro, así como la búsqueda y aplicación de soluciones para el logro de un futuro sostenible. Para llevarlo a cabo se evaluó cuantitativamente el gasto energético y los recursos materiales del centro: análisis del consumo de electricidad, agua, calefacción, papel, toner... Se elaboraron encuestas que fueron cumplimentadas por profesores, alumnos y personal no docente. Como resultados se constata la motivación por parte de los alumnos al tratarse de aplicaciones reales y tangibles, así como el logro de los objetivos propuestos.

La historia iconográfica del escudo de armas del Ecuador en el siglo XIX

A lo largo del siglo XIX, concretamente desde 1830, el país requirió de un símbolo identificatorio que lo identifique del resto de las naciones del continente. El estudio analiza el proceso de configuración del escudo de armas del Ecuador caracterizado por las constantes transformaciones que se instrumentalizaron al calor de los acontecimientos políticos de los regímenes de turno así como de las influencias de los escudos de la naciones vecinas. Tras las respectivas descripciones iconográficas identificaremos las rupturas y las continuidades en su diseño y las consecuentes intensionalidades que se encubren detrás de su composición. Explora además las dificultades que se presentaron a la hora de trasladar los decretos y resoluciones legislativas a la obra plástica tangible por las diversas concepciones de los artistas. Tranformaciones configurativas que serán indagadas a través de monedas, papel sellado, sellos postales así como de la fotografía y demás medios de comunicación social y liturgias. La investigación presenta cuatro capítulos que coinciden con períodos políticos predominantes. El primero denominado Los escudos del predominio floreano entre 1830 y 1845, el segundo, La mirada integradora del escudo marcista entre 1845 y 1860, un tercero La larga indefinición del símbolo a partir del escudo instituído por el régimen garciano entre 1861 y 1900 y uno final El escudo gráfico de la revolución alfarista, desde 1900 hasta 1911.

El escudo de armas del Ecuador y el proyecto nacional

La obra da cuenta del proceso de configuración del escudo de armas del Ecuador como el resultado del tráfago de los acontecimientos políticos del siglo XIX, que dieron sustento al proyecto nacional. La investigación -profusamente ilustrada con imágenes- pone en evidencia las decisiones tomadas por el poder hegemónico conformado por las élites ilustradas y políticas del país, en detrimento de las subalternidades sociales, en torno a los elementos que a su parecer resultaban los más representativos de la nación, para formar parte de la estructura del escudo nacional. Y devela los diversos mensajes que, en cada una de las transformaciones, se quisieron transmitir e insertar en el imaginario colectivo, como símbolo de unidad nacional.

Dispersion Experiments in Central London: The 2007 DAPPLE project

In the event of a release of toxic gas in the center of London, the emergency services would need to determine quickly the extent of the area contaminated. The transport of pollutants by turbulent flow within the complex street and building architecture of cities is not straightforward, and we might wonder whether it is at all possible to make a scientifically-reasoned decision. Here we describe recent progress from a major UK project, ‘Dispersion of Air Pollution and its Penetration into the Local Environment’ (DAPPLE, www.dapple.org.uk). In DAPPLE, we focus on the movement of airborne pollutants in cities by developing a greater understanding of atmospheric flow and dispersion within urban street networks. In particular, we carried out full-scale dispersion experiments in central London (UK) during 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008 to address the extent of the dispersion of tracers following their release at street level. These measurements complemented previous studies because (i) our focus was on dispersion within the first kilometer from the source, when most of the material was expected to remain within the street network rather than being mixed into the boundary layer aloft, (ii) measurements were made under a wide variety of meteorological conditions, and (iii) central London represents a European, rather than North American, city geometry. Interpretation of the results from the full-scale experiments was supported by extensive numerical and wind tunnel modeling, which allowed more detailed analysis under idealized and controlled conditions. In this article, we review the full-scale DAPPLE methodologies and show early results from the analysis of the 2007 field campaign data.

Calciferols and bait shyness in the laboratory rat

Rodenticides with delayed action are generally more effective than fast-acting compounds because of the phenomenon of bait shyness. Calciferols have a stop-feed effect quite soon after dosing, and physiological effects are measurable within one day of dosing. We investigated whether bait shyness might result from these fairly rapid effects in the laboratory rat. We found evidence of bait shyness following recovery from sub-lethal dosing with two forms of calciferol. Use of intubation as well as feeding showed that the response was to the bait carrier rather than to detection of calciferols per se.

Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: tropics and global trends

The performance of 18 coupled Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) is evaluated using qualitative and quantitative diagnostics. Trends in tropopause quantities in the tropics and the extratropical Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) are analyzed. A quantitative grading methodology for evaluating CCMs is extended to include variability and used to develop four different grades for tropical tropopause temperature and pressure, water vapor and ozone. Four of the 18 models and the multi-model mean meet quantitative and qualitative standards for reproducing key processes in the TTL. Several diagnostics are performed on a subset of the models analyzing the Tropopause Inversion Layer (TIL), Lagrangian cold point and TTL transit time. Historical decreases in tropical tropopause pressure and decreases in water vapor are simulated, lending confidence to future projections. The models simulate continued decreases in tropopause pressure in the 21st century, along with ∼1K increases per century in cold point tropopause temperature and 0.5–1 ppmv per century increases in water vapor above the tropical tropopause. TTL water vapor increases below the cold point. In two models, these trends are associated with 35% increases in TTL cloud fraction. These changes indicate significant perturbations to TTL processes, specifically to deep convective heating and humidity transport. Ozone in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere has significant and hemispheric asymmetric trends. O3 is projected to increase by nearly 30% due to ozone recovery in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and due to enhancements in the stratospheric circulation. These UTLS ozone trends may have significant effects in the TTL and the troposphere.

A strategy for process-oriented validation of coupled chemistry–climate models

Evaluating CCMs with the presented framework will increase our confidence in predictions of stratospheric ozone change.

Comparison of polar ozone loss rates simulated by one-dimensional and three-dimensional models with Match observations in recent Antarctic and Arctic winters

Simulations of ozone loss rates using a three-dimensional chemical transport model and a box model during recent Antarctic and Arctic winters are compared with experimental loss rates. The study focused on the Antarctic winter 2003, during which the first Antarctic Match campaign was organized, and on Arctic winters 1999/2000, 2002/2003. The maximum ozone loss rates retrieved by the Match technique for the winters and levels studied reached 6 ppbv/sunlit hour and both types of simulations could generally reproduce the observations at 2-sigma error bar level. In some cases, for example, for the Arctic winter 2002/2003 at 475 K level, an excellent agreement within 1-sigma standard deviation level was obtained. An overestimation was also found with the box model simulation at some isentropic levels for the Antarctic winter and the Arctic winter 1999/2000, indicating an overestimation of chlorine activation in the model. Loss rates in the Antarctic show signs of saturation in September, which have to be considered in the comparison. Sensitivity tests were performed with the box model in order to assess the impact of kinetic parameters of the ClO-Cl2O2 catalytic cycle and total bromine content on the ozone loss rate. These tests resulted in a maximum change in ozone loss rates of 1.2 ppbv/sunlit hour, generally in high solar zenith angle conditions. In some cases, a better agreement was achieved with fastest photolysis of Cl2O2 and additional source of total inorganic bromine but at the expense of overestimation of smaller ozone loss rates derived later in the winter.

A study on the sensitivities of simulated aerosol optical properties to composition and size distribution using airborne measurements

We present a flexible framework to calculate the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols at a given relative humidity based on their composition and size distribution. The similarity of this framework to climate model parameterisations allows rapid and extensive sensitivity tests of the impact of uncertainties in data or of new measurements on climate relevant aerosol properties. The data collected by the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft during the EUCAARI-LONGREX and VOCALS-REx campaigns have been used in a closure study to analyse the agreement between calculated and measured aerosol optical properties for two very different aerosol types. The agreement achieved for the EUCAARI-LONGREX flights is within the measurement uncertainties for both scattering and absorption. However, there is poor agreement between the calculated and the measured scattering for the VOCALS-REx flights. The high concentration of sulphate, which is a scattering aerosol with no absorption in the visible spectrum, made the absorption measurements during VOCALS-REx unreliable, and thus no closure study was possible for the absorption. The calculated hygroscopic scattering growth factor overestimates the measured values during EUCAARI-LONGREX and VOCALS-REx by ∼30% and ∼20%, respectively. We have also tested the sensitivity of the calculated aerosol optical properties to the uncertainties in the refractive indices, the hygroscopic growth factors and the aerosol size distribution. The largest source of uncertainty in the calculated scattering is the aerosol size distribution (∼35%), followed by the assumed hygroscopic growth factor for organic aerosol (∼15%), while the predominant source of uncertainty in the calculated absorption is the refractive index of organic aerosol (28–60%), although we would expect the refractive index of black carbon to be important for aerosol with a higher black carbon fraction.