417 resultados para Monitors


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Há muitos anos, técnicas de Computação Evolucionária vem sendo aplicadas com sucesso na solução dos mais variados tipos de problemas de otimização. Na constante procura pelo ótimo global e por uma melhor exploração da superfície de busca, as escolhas para ajustar estes métodos podem ser exponencialmente complexas e requerem uma grande quantidade de intervenção humana. Estes modelos tradicionais darwinianos apóiam-se fortemente em aleatoriedade e escolhas heurísticas que se mantém fixas durante toda a execução, sem que acompanhem a variabilidade dos indivíduos e as eventuais mudanças necessárias. Dadas estas questões, o trabalho introduz a combinação de aspectos da Teoria do Design Inteligente a uma abordagem hibrida de algoritmo evolucionário, através da implementação de um agente inteligente o qual, utilizando lógica fuzzy, monitora e controla dinamicamente a população e seis parâmetros definidos de uma dada execução, ajustando-os para cada situação encontrada durante a busca. Na avaliação das proposições foi construído um protótipo sobre a implementação de um algoritmo genético para o problema do caixeiro viajante simétrico aplicado ao cenário de distância por estradas entre as capitais brasileiras, o que permitiu realizar 580 testes, simulações e comparações entre diferentes configurações apresentadas e resultados de outras técnicas. A intervenção inteligente entrega resultados que, com sucesso em muitos aspectos, superam as implementações tradicionais e abrem um vasto espaço para novas pesquisas e estudos nos aqui chamados: “Algoritmos Evolucionários Híbridos Auto-Adaptáveis”, ou mesmo, “Algoritmos Evolucionários Não-Darwinianos”.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A presente dissertação desenvolveu um Sistema de Alerta de Enchentes para a Cidade de Marabá, localizada na confluência dos rios Itacaiúnas e Tocantins, a 440 km da cidade de Belém, capital do Estado do Pará. O Sistema de Alerta de Enchentes foi desenvolvido com base no modelo hidrológico MOD-4B incorporado a um Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Esse sistema permite prever as variações do nível do Rio Tocantins ao longo do ano, de modo a acompanhar a evolução da cheia com antecedência de 4 dias, o que torna possível uma ação eficiente da defesa civil. O modelo de previsão utilizou como referência as réguas linimétricas localizadas nos rios Tocantins e Araguaia nas cidades de Carolina e Conceição do Araguaia, distantes aproximadamente 225 e 270 km, respectivamente, da cidade de Marabá. O sistema utiliza o software de geoprocessamento ArcView 3.3, que teve implementada uma interface desenvolvida através da linguagem de programação orientada a objetos Avenue, com a finalidade de rodar o aplicativo do modelo hidrológico. O uso de menus e janelas customizados do sistema possibilitou o acesso a dados espaciais e tabelas de dados relacionais e/ou banco de dados cadastral, além de módulos de análise espacial e de visualização de dados geográficos em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), possibilitando a previsão de enchentes na forma de mapas, tabelas e relatórios com a indicação das áreas inundadas para os períodos de 4, 3, 2 e 1 dia de antecedência do evento de enchente. O Sistema permitiu identificar os imóveis e as ruas atingidos, e possibilitará através de levantamentos futuros quantificar a população afetada e os prejuízos causados pelo desastre, facilitando que a defesa civil execute planos de ação para enfrentamento eficiente antes, durante e depois da ocorrência da enchente.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pacifier use is very common among children, but despite being considered a harmless article, there is ample evidence of their misdeeds. Therefore, concern about its use is great for us who work in the promotion of breastfeeding. It is this delicate subject in schools because the child, in most cases, already goes to school with the habit installed. The pacifier use may interfere with speech aspect, because the child can come to the wrong talk, dental, dental occlusions, may cause bacterial contamination and encourage early weaning. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pacifier use among children of pre - school and knowledge of educators about the role of pacifier and its consequences. The research methodology was based on a questionnaire to teachers, monitors and direction and determine the prevalence of pacifier use with parents. According to the result, we developed an orientation for school. The results show that of the 57 children at the age of 4 months to 3 years, 50.88% used a pacifier, 92.98% and 96.49% used the bottle were breastfed. The guidance given after the data collection has clarified many questions for educators. We conclude that the methodology was effective because we can collect data addressing quantitative and qualitative questions and managed to get percentages on pacifier use and breastfeeding and student opinions, comments and more relevant phrases that emerged from parents and educators, complementing the result. Furthermore, through the data, it was possible to do an intervention. The results indicate that half of the children between 4 months and 3 years investigated makes use of a pacifier, so despite the advice given, it would be important to follow up these data over the next few years. We also conclude that a partnership is needed between parents and the school, because if the family does not help, you can not work in school guidance

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The objective of this study was to investigate whether increased dietary water content and feeding frequency increased voluntary physical activity of young, lean adult female cats. A replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement (feeding frequency and water content) was used. The 4 treatments consisted of 1 meal daily dry pet food without added water (1D; 12% moisture as is), 1 meal daily dry pet food with added water (1W; 70% total water content), 4 meals daily dry pet food without added water (4D; 12% moisture as is), and 4 meals daily dry pet food with added water (4W; 70% total water content). Eight healthy adult, lean, intact, young, female domestic shorthair cats were used in this experiment. Voluntary physical activity was evaluated using Actical activity monitors placed on collars and worn around the cats'necks for the last 7 d of each experimental period of 14 d. Food anticipatory activity (FAA) was calculated based on 2 h prior to feeding periods and expressed as a percentage of total daily voluntary physical activity. Increased feeding frequency (4 vs. 1 meal daily) resulted in greater average daily activity (P = 0.0147), activity during the light period (P = 0.0023), and light: dark activity ratio (P = 0.0002). In contrast, physical activity during the dark period was not altered by feeding frequency (P > 0.05). Cats fed 4 meals daily had increased afternoon FAA (P = 0.0029) compared with cats fed once daily. Dietary water content did not affect any measure of voluntary physical activity. Increased feeding frequency is an effective strategy to increase the voluntary physical activity of cats. Thus, it may assist in the prevention and management of obesity.

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Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world. However, its agrarian composition is based on two markedly different production models, particularly in relation to sustainability: a peasant family agriculture, which plays an important role in food production for domestic consumption and advocates agro-ecological practises; and agribusiness, the politically and economically hegemonic model that produces commodities for export based on monoculture and intensive use of pesticides. Therefore, in order to create the means to develop peasant lands, social movements and peasants have engaged themselves politically and defended an education model grounded in sustainable practises of production and social organisation. Taking this into account, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and assess the Brazilian experience of integration between education and sustainability, in the National Education Program in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA). To accomplish this aim, a survey with a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out among teachers, students, monitors, and coordinators of the course offered by PRONERA. The surveys showed that the courses are promoting the concepts of sustainability among peasants. However, many adjustments need to be taken into consideration during the planning process for the next courses offered by PRONERA.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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In this paper we investigate the social interaction established between monitors and student-visitors to a science museum in terms of knowledge mobilized by the explanation about principle operating of Van De Graff Generator. Our research was conducted at a university public that maintains a Center of Sciences and the data were collected through recording video and audio of the dialogues established around a demonstration experiment. Data analysis is established around the conceptual correctness of the explanations made by the monitors. We also conducted a structured interview from a single question: what is the main difficulty faced in planning and conducting his presentation at the Science Center? The results show that the monitors were not able to exceed the process description of the operation of the experimental equipment, not being able to establish an interaction that fosters discussions of scientific concepts with visitors. Our research also found that, although the university maintained a Sciences Center, not there is a link between teacher training and activities in non-formal settings.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)