The first chronicle of Miguel Hernandez: The New Journalism (1936-1939)

This paper presents and analyzes the first literary-journalistic chronicle writen and published by Miguel Hernández: “Defensa de Madrid. Madrid y las ciudades de Retaguardia”, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This chronicle is the first one of a series establishing a new and personal type of journalism: literary chronicles –poetical and political-. Miguel Hernandez published his masterpieces in different newspapers as a war reporter, with his own name and with a pen-name, playing roles of director and political commissar in different newspapers in the war-trenches. Thematically, this first article shows his personal and political engagement, as well as his desire and strategy to protect the capital city of Spain: Madrid. Methodologically, the analysis is an approached to linguistics in social sciences, which presents some of the personal characteristics and style of the chronist Miguel Hernández. Thus, it becomes patent that the so-called New Journalism (narrative and literary), which flourished in the 70s, had already been deeply and efficiently practiced by Miguel Hernández 40 years before. That is the reason why Miguel Hernández deserves to be added to the well-known collective of chronicle writers that have already been rescued to this moment. His literary style and quality are installing him in a outstanding position as well as pioneer of the genre nowadays known as New Journalism that in his case, it is politically engaged

Models of initial training of secondary school teachers in Spain from a European perspective

This paper seeks to analyse some key issues related to initial training models for secondary education teachers from an international perspective with more specific references to the Spanish model. First, we briefly mention secondary education and its training needs: purpose, organization, structure, character, duration, etc.. Secondly, the most typical models of initial training of these teachers: consecutive and simultaneous, academic and professional, are adressed. Thirdly, we analyse the structure of initial training containing more general scientific and professional knowledge, (its theoretical and practical components). Lastly, the relationship between initial training and access to the teaching profession will be established, as well as the possibility of academic and / or professional qualifications is analyzed. We then highlight the issue of "professional identity", which is closely linked to the initial training of future teachers and final conclusions are discussed.

La evolución de destinos turísticos litorales consolidados. Análisis comparado de Balneario Camnoriú (Brasil) y Benidorm (España)

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en estudiar la evolución de los destinos turísticos litorales consolidados a partir del análisis comparado entre Balneario Camboriú y Benidorm. Se trata de dos destinos localizados en contextos territoriales y turísticos diferentes, en los que se contrastan de manera empírica los indicadores de evolución de los destinos y se vinculan las dinámicas evolutivas con el modelo territorial-turístico resultante en cada destino. El análisis realizado permite contrastar los postulados de los modelos evolutivos clásicos (Butler, 1980) e incorporar los nuevos planteamientos de la geografía económica evolutiva. La investigación delimita cronológicamente los periodos de desarrollo de ambos destinos para identificar los factores con mayor incidencia en la evolución de los mismos. Una evolución marcada, fundamentalmente, por la ubicación geográfica, la planificación y gestión urbanoturística a diferentes escalas, la dependencia de determinados mercados emisores y la influencia de factores macroeconómicos. Un conjunto de factores interrelacionados que dibujan trayectorias dispares para los destinos analizados.

La parroquia de San Miguel de Sagra y San Gil de Madrid en el siglo XVI. Aportaciones documentales

Una serie de documentos inéditos relativos a la antigua parroquia de San Miguel de Sagra y San Gil, localizada muy próxima a la entrada principal del Alcázar de Madrid, así como su posterior derribo y traslado en 1548 con nuevo edificio en el lado suroriental del Palacio, permite profundizar en un proyecto urbano largo tiempo madurado y culminado en la conformación de un espacio abierto y regularizado, emblemático y representativo, que resultó ser la plaza situada frente a la portada principal del Alcázar.

Characterisation of the active/de-active transition of mitochondrial complex I

Oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix of aerobic cells is catalysed by mitochondrial complex I. The regulation of this mitochondrial enzyme is not completely understood. An interesting characteristic of complex I from some organisms is the ability to adopt two distinct states: the so-called catalytically active (A) and the de-active, dormant state (D). The A-form in situ can undergo de-activation when the activity of the respiratory chain is limited (i.e. in the absence of oxygen). The mechanisms and driving force behind the A/D transition of the enzyme are currently unknown, but several subunits are most likely involved in the conformational rearrangements: the accessory subunit 39 kDa (NDUFA9) and the mitochondrially encoded subunits, ND3 and ND1. These three subunits are located in the region of the quinone binding site. The A/D transition could represent an intrinsic mechanism which provides a fast response of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to oxygen deprivation. The physiological role of the accumulation of the D-form in anoxia is most probably to protect mitochondria from ROS generation due to the rapid burst of respiration following reoxygenation. The de-activation rate varies in different tissues and can be modulated by the temperature, the presence of free fatty acids and divalent cations, the NAD/NADH ratio in the matrix, the presence of nitric oxide and oxygen availability. Cysteine-39 of the ND3 subunit, exposed in the D-form, is susceptible to covalent modification by nitrosothiols, ROS and RNS. The D-form in situ could react with natural effectors in mitochondria or with pharmacological agents. Therefore the modulation of the re-activation rate of complex I could be a way to ameliorate the ischaemia/reperfusion damage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 18th European Bioenergetic Conference. Guest Editors: Manuela Pereira and Miguel Teixeira.

Reflexões Estratégicas de Desenvolvimento Local no Contexto da Preservação da Identidade de Penedos (Mértola)

Resumo O trabalho de investigação que está a decorrer, tem como objeto de estudo as questões da identidade e da memória de uma aldeia alentejana, enquanto território de partilha de uma comunidade rural, tendo em conta a participação estratégica dos atores locais. Estudaremos a partir daí, a sua relação com a terra, o quotidiano, a mudança, a organização social, a ruralidade, os fatores portadores de futuro e novas propostas de desenvolvimento local, para territórios de baixa densidade. Pretende-se encontrar formas contributivas para preservar a identidade da aldeia e concomitantemente encontrar conjuntamente com os atores locais territorializados, alternativas de desenvolvimento local, capazes de contrariar a tendência de despovoamento e empobrecimento territorial. Com este trabalho de investigação, que se insere no âmbito da Sociologia da Ação, será utilizada metodologicamente o MACTOR e a sua aplicabilidade na determinação da estratégia de atores e respetivas relações de forças com o território e o que a ele diz respeito e ainda a observação participante/método de pesquisa de terreno e consequentemente o inquérito por entrevista. Pretendendo-se aprofundar e conhecer os problemas da interioridade e abandono populacional, designadamente na aldeia de Penedos que se situa na margem direita do rio Guadiana, freguesia de S. Miguel do Pinheiro e concelho de Mértola, no Baixo Alentejo. Abstract The research that is taking place, has as its object of study the issues of identity and memory of an Alentejo village, while sharing the territory of a rural community, taking into account the strategic participation of local actors. We'll look from there, his relationship with the earth, the everyday, change, social organization, rurality, the factors bearing on the future and new proposals for local development to areas of low density. The aim is to find ways contributory to preserve the identity of the village and found concomitantly in conjunction with local stakeholders territorialized, alternative local development, able to counteract the trend of depopulation and impoverishment territorial. With this research work, which falls within the Sociology of Action, will be used to methodologically MACTOR and its applicability in determining the strategy of respective actors and power relations with the territory and that he has concerns and participant observation / method of field research and thus the survey interview. Intending to go deeper and understand the problems of interiority and abandoned population, particularly in the village of Penedos which lies on the right bank of the Guadiana River, parish of S. Miguel do Pinheiro, county of Mértola, in the Baixo Alentejo.

ESCOLAS POPULARES NO ALENTEJO: OS CASOS DA ESCOLA POPULAR DA UNIVERSIDADE DE ÉVORA E DA ESCOLA COMUNITÁRIA DE SÃO MIGUEL DE MACHEDE

A Educação Popular tem assumido, na região Alentejo, uma grande importância, na medida em que tem adoptado várias modalidades, diferentes protagonistas e promotores. Na realidade, nesta região, vários factores concorreram para este papel da Educação Popular.

Los pueblos indios en sus mitos 16: Quichuas amazonicos del Aguarico y San Miguel

La región del Napo tiene una posición geografica peculiar, que ha influido mucho en la historia de su gente. Por ella ha entrado Francisco de Orellana desde Quito al Amazonas y por ella, desde Belém do Pará, ha subido Pedro de Texeira hasta Quito. La facllidad de acceso desde los Andes y el hecho de tener ríos navegables ha permitido al Napo conocer fenómenos casi inexistentes en otras provincias orientales ecuatorianos, como por ejemplo el establecerse de haciendas desde tiempos relativamente remotos, con la consecuente conversión de la población indígena en personaje sometido. En la época funesta del auge cauchero el Napo fue la única provincia ecuatoriana seberamente afectada por el fenómeno, que determinó la reubicación forzada de muchas poblaciones Sin duda, de toda la Amazonía ecuatoriana, el Napo es la región cuya población, especalmente en el último siglo, ha sido mós diezmada, sometida, literalmente zarandeada. Es también la que ha recibido un rnayor aporte de migración serrana y costeña, aún antes del descubrimiento del petróleo, hasta el punto que hoy se está hablando de su subdiuisión en dos o tres provincias.

Rui Morais, Miguel Bandeira, Eliana Manuel Pinho, “Itineraria Sacra. Bracara Augusta Fidelis et Ancient

Recensão do livro "Itineraria Sacra. Bracara Augusta Fidelis et Ancient