979 resultados para Knapas, Rainer


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Este estudio considera como explican los maestros los éxitos y fracasos de la comprensión de los alumnos, en concreto, de la tarea de Matemáticas. Se trata de dar respuesta a las siguientes cuestiones: primera, si se explica la comprensión por tareas y conceptos específicos del ámbito o por conceptos relacionados con las tareas; segunda, cuáles son los conceptos explicativos que utilizan los maestros; y tercera, si se pueden diferenciar los conceptos explicativos según su centro de atención sobre el éxito o el fracaso y según el género. En el estudio participaron veinte maestros de quinto y sexto grado de diversas escuelas de primaria en Alemania. Su experiencia profesional media era de seis años. Sólo se incluyeron maestros de género masculino.

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Monográfico con el título: 'La experiencia del PISA en Alemania'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

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I have been asked to respond to Anwar Tlili‘s paper, and I propose to do this in four steps. I will follow Anwar‘s line of arguments closely. I will be dealing in turn withStep no. 1: Profession and ProfessionalizationStep no. 2: Social InclusionStep no. 3: ManagerialismStep no. 4: Museum Education and Training

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En Alemania ha tomado vuelo durante los últimos años, una discusión entre los que trabajan en los alrededor de 60 sitios que recuerdan los crímenes del nacionalsocialismo, y los educadores de derechos humanos en diferentes instituciones. Este debate ha sido difícil porque los participantes vienen de culturas educativas un tanto separadas, pero también muy fructífero porque se han visualizado algunos problemas generales de gran interés. En los centros de memoria se pone, con cada vez más urgencia tres o cuatro generaciones después del nacionalsocialismos, la pregunta del porqué y del cómo informar sobre los crímenes atroces de los nazis, a personas que ya no comparten los recuerdos muy emocionales y muchas veces dolorosos de sus antepasados. Y en la educación de derechos humanos se siente muchas veces que no basta enseñar la doctrina de derechos humanos desarrollada en las últimas décadas, y tal vez señalar una u otra de las muchas situaciones de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos que subsisten en el mundo. Las raíces mismas de esta doctrina de derechos humanos, es decir la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (DUDH), nos remiten a la época del nacionalsocialismo y los esfuerzos después de su derrota de crear un ideario y un instrumento para que aquellos crímenes nunca más se repitan.

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MALDI MS profiling, using easily available body fluids such as blood serum, has attracted considerable interest for its potential in clinical applications. Despite the numerous reports on MALDI MS profiling of human serum, there is only scarce information on the identity of the species making up these profiles, particularly in the mass range of larger peptides. Here, we provide a list of more than 90 entries of MALDI MS profile peak identities up to 10 kDa obtained from human blood serum. Various modifications such as phosphorylation were detected among the peptide identifications. The overlap with the few other MALDI MS peak lists published so far was found to be limited and hence our list significantly extends the number of identified peaks commonly found in MALDI MS profiling of human blood serum.

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Plant secondary metabolites glucosinolates (GSL) have important functions in plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens. We identified all major GSL that are accumulated in S-cells in Arabidopsis by MALDI-TOF MS, and estimated by LC-MS that the total GSL concentration in these cells is above 130 mM. The precise locations of the S-cells outside phloem bundles in rosette and cauline leaves and in flower stalks were visualised using sulphur mapping by cryo-SEM/EDX. S-cells contain up to 40% of total sulphur in flower stalk tissues. S-cells in emerging flower stalks and developing leaf tissues show typical signs of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) or apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation in the nucleus and blebbing of the membranes. TUNEL staining for DNA double strand breaks confirmed PCD in S-cells in postmeristematic tissues in the flower stalk as well as in the leaf. Our results show that S-cells in postmeristematic tissues proceed to an extreme degree of metabolic specialisation besides PCD. Accumulation and maintenance of a high concentration of GSL in these cells are accompanied by degradation of a number of cell organelles. The substantial changes in the cell composition during S-cell differentiation indicate the importance of this particular GSL-based phloem defence system. The specific anatomy of the S-cells and ability to accumulate specialised secondary metabolites is similar to that of the non-articulated laticifer cells in latex plants and thus indicates a common evolutionary origin.

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The 70kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) plays important roles in the regulation of protein synthesis, cell growth and metabolism. S6K1 is activated by the phosphorylation of multiple serine and threonine residues in response to stimulation by a variety of growth factors and cytokines. In addition to phosphorylation, we have recently shown that S6K1 is also targeted by lysine acetylation. Here, using tandem mass spectrometry we have mapped acetylation of S6K1 to lysine 516, a site close to the C-terminus of the kinase that is highly conserved amongst vertebrate S6K1 orthologues. Using acetyl-specific K516 antibodies, we show that acetylation of endogenous S6K1 at this site is potently induced upon growth factor stimulation. Although S6K1 acetylation and phosphorylation are both induced by growth factor stimulation, these events appear to be functionally independent. Indeed, experiments using inhibitors of S6K1 activation and exposure of cells to various stresses indicate that S6K1 acetylation can occur in the absence of phosphorylation and vice versa. We propose that K516 acetylation may serve to modulate important kinase-independent functions of S6K1 in response to growth factor signalling.