Electronic structure and g factors of CdTe quantum ellipsoids

The electronic structure, electron and hole g factors and optical properties of CdTe quantum ellipsoids are investigated, in the framework of eight-band effective-mass approximation. It is found that the light-hole states come down in comparison with the heavy-hole states when the spheres are elongated, and become the lowest states of valence band. When the aspect ratio of the ellipsoid length to diameter (e) changes from smaller than 1 to larger than 1, the linear polarization factors change from negative to positive. The electron g factors of CdTe spheres decrease with increasing radius, and are nearly 2 when the radius is very small. Actually, as some of the three dimensions increase, the electron g factors decrease. More dimensions increase, the g factors decrease. more. The dimensions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field affect the g factors more than the other dimension. The light-hole and heavy-hole g factors of quantum spheres are equal, and change from 0.88 to -1.14 with increasing radius. When e < 1 (e > 1) the light-hole g factor is smaller (larger) than the heavy-hole g factor. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Large g factors of higher-lying excitons detected with reflectance difference spectroscopy in GaAs-based quantum wells

Exciton g factors in GaAs-based quantum wells (QWs) were evaluated by reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) under a weak magnetic field. The well-width dependence of the n=1 heavy-hole exciton (1H1E) g factor agrees well with the reported results, demonstrating RDS as a sensitive tool for detection of g factor. By comparison, the n=1 light-hole exciton g factor increases with the well width, and shows a larger value than that of 1H1E. In a 20-nm-wide Al0.02Ga0.98As/AlAs multiple QW sample, the g factors of up to ten excitons are obtained, and the higher-lying exciton g factors are found to be one order larger than that of the 1H1E exciton.

Optical properties and g factors of GaAs quantum rods

The Hamiltonian of the zinc-blende quantum rods in the framework of eight-band effective-mass approximation in the presence of external homogeneous magnetic field is given. The electronic structure, optical properties and electron g factors of GaAs quantum rods are investigated. We found that the electron g factors are very sensitively dependent on the dimensions of the quantum rods. As some of the three dimensions increase, the electron g factors decrease. The more the dimensions increase, the more the electron g factors decrease. The dimensions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field affect the electron g factors more than the other dimension. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electronic structure and g factors of narrow-gap zinc-blende nanowires and nanorods

The Hamiltonian in the framework of eight-band effective-mass approximation of the zinc-blende nanowires and nanorods in the presence of external homogeneous magnetic field is given in the cylindrical coordinate. The electronic structure, optical properties, magnetic energy levels, and g factors of the nanowires and nanorods are calculated. It is found that the electron states consist of many hole-state components, due to the coupling of the conduction band and valence band. For the normal bands which are monotone functions of |k(z)|, long nanorods can be modeled by the nanowires, the energy levels of the nanorods approximately equal the values of the energy band E(k(z)) of the nanowires with the same radius at a special k(z), where k(z) is the wave vector in the wire direction. Due to the coupling of the states, some of the hole energy bands of the nanowires have their highest points at k(z)=0. Especially, the highest hole state of the InSb nanowires is not at the k(z)=0 point. It is an indirect band gap. For these abnormal bands, nanorods can not be modeled by the nanowires. The energy levels of the nanorods show an interesting plait-like pattern. The linear polarization factor is zero, when the aspect ratio L/2R is smaller than 1, and increases as the length increases. The g(z) and g(x) factors as functions of the k(z), radius R and length L are calculated for the wires and rods, respectively. For the wires, the g(z) of the electron ground state increases, and the g(z) of the hole ground state decreases first, then increases with the k(z) increasing. For the rods, the g(z) and g(x) of the electron ground state decrease as the R or the L increases. The g(x) of the hole ground state decreases, the g(z) of the hole ground state increases with the L increasing. The variation of the g(z) of the wires with the k(z) is in agreement with the variation of the g(z) of the rods with the L.

Electron g factors and optical properties of InAs quantum ellipsoids

The electronic structure, electron g factors and optical properties of InAs quantum ellipsoids are investigated, in the framework of the eight-band effective-mass approximation. It is found that the light-hole states come down in comparison with the heavy-hole states when the spheres are elongated, and become the lowest states of the valence band. Circularly polarized emissions under circularly polarized excitations may have opposite polarization factors to the exciting light. For InAs ellipsoids the length, which is smaller than 35 nm, is still in a strongly quantum-confined regime. The electron g factors of InAs spheres decrease with increasing radius, and are nearly 2 when the radius is very small. The quantization of the electron states quenches the orbital angular momentum of the states. Actually, as some of the three dimensions increase, the electron g factors decrease. As more dimensions increase, the g factors decrease more. The dimensions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field affect the g factors more than the other dimension. The magnetic field along the z axis of the crystal structure causes linearly polarized emissions in the spheres, which emit unpolarized light in the absence of magnetic field.

Electronic structure and electron g factors of HgTe quantum dots

The electronic structure and electron g factors of HgTe quantum dots are investigated, in the framework of the eight-band effective-mass approximation. It is found that the electron states of quantum spheres have aspheric properties due to the interaction between the conduction band and valence band. The highest hole states are S (l = 0) states, when the radius is smaller than 9.4 nm. the same as the lowest electron states. Thus strong luminescence from H-Te quantum dots with radius smaller than 9.4 nm has been observed (Rogach et al 2001 Phys. Statits Solidi b 224 153). The bandgap of H-Te quantum spheres is calculated and compared with earlier experimental results (Harrison et al 2000 Pure Appl. Chem. 72 295). Due to the quantum confinement effect, the bandgap of the small HgTe quantum spheres is positive. The electron g factors of HgTe quantum spheres decrease with increasing radius and are nearly 2 when the radius is very small. The electron g factors of HgTe quantum ellipsoids are also investigated. We found that as some of the three dimensions increase, the electron g factors decrease. The more the dimensions increase, the more the g factors decrease. The dimensions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field affect the g factors more than the other dimension.

Magnetic field tuning of the effective g factor in a diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dot

The spin interaction and the effective g factor of a magnetic exciton (ME) are investigated theoretically in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum dot (QD), including the Coulomb interaction and the sp-d exchange interaction. At low magnetic field, the ME energy decreases rapidly with increasing magnetic field and saturates at high magnetic field for high Mn concentration. The ground state of the ME exhibits an interesting crossing behavior between sigma(+)-ME and sigma(-)-ME for low Mn concentration. The g(ex) factor of the ME in a DMS QD displays a monotonic decrease with increasing magnetic field and can be tuned to zero by an external magnetic field. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

H+ISFET-based biosensor for determination of penicillin G

A biosensor based on an H+ ion sensitive field effect transistor (H+-ISFET) and penicillin G acylase has been developed. The response time of the sensor to different concentrations of penicillin G was 30 s. In a 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, the linear range of the calibration curve was from 0.5 to 8 mM. The coefficients of variation for three samples with 20 repeated measurements were below 5%. Stability of the sensor could reach about 6 months and more than 1000 runs were performed without a significant decrease of the output value. The sensor was tested for measurement of the penicillin G content in penicillin fermentation broth. Forty samples with low and high concentrations of penicillin G were chosen for the correlation test. The values assayed by the sensor method were compared with the values assayed by HPLC method, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9944 and the regression equation was y = 1.034X - 2083.7 respectively. The different measuring methods are discussed in the text. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

氧化物气敏半导体与H_2O(g)、O_2(g)及还原性气体相互作用的研究

本文采用自行设计的均速增加加热电压改变元件温度的方法以及动、静态气敏特性测试方法并借助其它测试手段（X光衍射、BET、扫描电流）系统地研究了表面电导控制型SnO_2系元件和体电导控制型γ-Fe_2O_3元件在变温过程中与H_2O(g)、O_2(g)和还原性气体相互作用的规律。实验结果表明：添加剂Al_2O_3、MgO、Pd、Pt和Sb_2O_3均对元件的体电阴均有调制作用。Al_2O_3是以微粒状存在于元件内，它为元件提供了活化中心，提高了元件的灵敏度。而γ-Fe_2O_3具有超微细结构。SnO_2系元件和γ-FeO_3元件取样电压(V_L)与温度（T）的变化关系在空气和惰性气氛中均是非线性的。材料组份不同的元件，其V_L～T变化规律不同。各元件在空气和惰性气氛中的变化，除阻值不同外，其V_L～T变化规律基本相同。综合考虑添加剂(Al_2O_3、MgO)和气氛（空气、惰性气氛、纯氧气）的影响，SnO_2系元件的V_L～T变化规律不仅是由于氧在元件表面上的吸附及吸附状态的不同所引起，很大程度上取决于元件材料的组成和温度对材料内载流子浓度和逐移率的影响。基于对SnO_2系元件的V_L～T变化规律的分析，γ-Fe_2O_3元件V_L随温度的变化也是由于环境中的氧和材料内载流子迁移率随温度的变化所致。SnO_2系元件和γ-Fe_2O_3元件在不同温度所测的V_L～T变化关系表明：SnO_2元件在低温(<72%RH)条件下，具有与干燥空气中相同的V_L～T变化关系；在高温度(>72%RH)的空气中，H_2O(g)的存在对元件低温区(<100 ℃) (200 ℃-400 ℃)的V_L值均有影响，在低温区的V_L值较干燥空气中的V_L值高；中温区的V_L值较干燥空气中的V_L值低。把在约98%RH的空气和氩气中的V_L～T变化曲线比较表明：中温区的实验现象是由于空气中H_2O(g)与O_2(g)共存所致。γ-Fe_2O_3元件在不同温气气氛中的V_L～T变化规律相同，且在元件工作温度（129 ℃～320 ℃）范围内V_L值相同，但均较干燥空气中该条件下的V_L值高。在实验中亦观察到SnO_2元件在温度低于72%RH中长期放置亦可观察到与实验中温度>72%RH条件下相同的V_L～T变化。SnO_2元件在空气和惰性气氛中对还原性气体均有气敏性。而且在惰性气氛中对微量还原性气体（H_2）的灵敏度比在空气中的灵敏度高。掺贵金属Pd或Pt的SnO_2元件在惰性气氛中，当H_2浓度高于8000ppm时，元件电导突变式增加。我们认为SnO_2系元件在空气中检测还原性气体的工作机理是表面化学反应过程；在惰性气氛中其工作机理是表面解离吸附过程。γ-Fe_2O_3元件在空气中对C_4H_(10)具有较高的选择性。但在惰性气氛中对还原性气体不具有气敏性。我们认为环境中氧是体电导控制型气敏元件气敏性不可缺少的中间媒介。其检测机理是微观可逆氧化-还原过程。

蹄蝠科的核型进化：比较染色体涂色、G带和C带分析

：与其姐妹科(菊头蝠科)相比，蹄蝠科的细胞遗传学研究较少。迄今为止，仅少数蹄蝠科几个物种有高分辨率的G带核型报道，且有关该科核型进化的大多数结论都是基于常规Giemsa染色研究而得。该研究利用三叶小蹄蝠的染色体特异探针，通过比较染色体涂色、G和C显带，建立了5种蹄蝠的染色体同源性图谱，并探讨了它们同源染色体间的G和C带异同。结果表明：罗伯逊易位、臂内倒位以及异染色质的扩增可能是蹄蝠科物种核型进化的主要机制。通过对这5种蹄蝠物种及其外群物种之间的同源染色体片段的比较分析，作者推测蹄蝠科的祖先核型并不像先前认为的全由端着丝粒染色体组成, 而应该含有中着丝粒染色体。

外磁场对(Ga,Mn)As有效g因子的影响

利用时间分辨Kerr旋光技术测量低温下稀磁半导体Ga_(0.937)Mn_(0.063)As中光注入极化载流子的自旋进动信号,并观察到自旋极化载流子的有效g因子值随外磁场的增强而增大的反常现象.这归结于磁场导致局域化空穴转化为非局域化空穴,从而使自发磁化强度增强,有效g因子值增大.基于此物理图像,进一步给出了(Ga,Mn)As的有效g因子与外磁场的关系式.

维生素C二步发酵新组合菌G.529及其应用

本文筛选一株苏芸金杆菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌组成的新组合菌G. B529，并对其生物学性质进行研究，结果表明：新组合菌的摇瓶发酵转化率较原菌系提高4.83个百分点，发酵速度快，且具有耐受高浓度（10%）山梨糖的特性。为使G. B529的潜能得到最大程度的发挥，对其影响因素进行研究。首先应用均匀设计方法确立了G. B529的发酵培养基优化配比，在所实验的范围内，发酵转化率与玉米浆浓度成正相关性，尿素浓度 1．45%佩W/V)时，转化率达最大。其次种液各参数对发酵影响实验确立了判断种子质量高低的方法。结果显示种液中的大菌OD值一1.6 X小菌OD值可以作为种液的质量指数。最后对种子质量的影响实验显示适当提高玉米浆、葡萄糖等成分的浓度与降低尿素的浓度及调高pH值均有利于种液质量的改善。同时低接种量、大通气量和选择种龄为14小时均有助于种液质量指数的提高。 新组合菌系在选定的条件下枷3罐中4批发酵显示出很强的发酵能力，平均醇酸转化率较对照提高8.16个百分点，周期缩短10.6小时。其在300M3罐中生产试用行，连续26批次的平均醇酸转化率达87.40%,较生产用菌提高3.32个百分点。平均周期也缩短1．3小时。