Historia della disunione del Regno di Portogallo dalla Corona di Castiglia

Essa é a segunda edição de uma obra clássica sobre a restauração da monarquia portuguesa, com referências sobre o Brasil e adesão a D.João IV. O Séc. XVII foi, para Portugal, um tempo de lutas, tanto na Europa como no Brasil e na África. Foi, ainda, um período de reorganização jurídica e econômica da sociedade.

Towards a Comprehensive Approach to Quantifying and Mapping Ecosystem Services Flows

25 p.

Theoretical and numerical investigation of SiC JFET and MOSFET at 6.5 kV

This paper presents a preliminary theoretical and numerical investigation of 4H-SiC JFET and MOSFET at 6.5 kV. To improve the on-state/breakdown performance of the JFET, buried layers in conjunction with a highly doped buffer layer have been used. Trench technology has been employed for the MOSFET. The devices were simulated and optimized using MEDICI[I] simulator. From the comparison between the two devices, it turns out that the JFET offers a better on-state/breakdown trade-off, while the trench MOSFET has the advantage of MOS-control.

Analytical model for the 3D-RESURF effect

This paper presents an analytical model for the determination of the basic breakdown properties of three-dimensional (3D)-RESURF/CoolMOS/super junction type structures. To account for the two-dimensional (2D) effect of the 3D-RESURF action, 2D models of the electric field distribution are developed. Based on these, expressions are derived for the breakdown voltage as a function of doping concentration and physical dimensions. In addition to cases where the drift regions are fully depleted, the model developed is also applicable to situations involving drift regions which are almost depleted. Accuracy of the analytical approach is verified by comparison with numerical results obtained from the MEDICI device simulator.

700V smart trench IGBT with monolithic over-voltage and over-current protecting functions

An advanced 700V Smart Trench IGBT with monolithically integrated over-voltage and over-current protecting circuits is presented in this paper. The proposed Smart IGBT comprises a sense IGBT, a low voltage lateral n-channel MOSFET (M 1), an avalanche diode (D av), and poly-crystalline Zener diodes (ZD) and resistor (R poly). Mix-mode transient simulations with MEDICI have proven the functionalities of the protecting circuits when the device is operating under abnormal conditions, such as Unclamped Inductive Switching (UIS) and Short Circuit (SC) condition. A Trench IGBT process is used to fabricate this device with total 11 masks including one metal mask only. The characterizations of the fabricated device exhibit the clamping capability of the avalanche diode and voltage pull-down ability of the MOSFET. © 2012 IEEE.

The effect of incomplete ionization on the turn-off behavior of FS IGBTs

This letter demonstrates for the first time the effect of the incomplete ionization (I.I.) of the transparent p-anode layer on the static and dynamic characteristics of the field-stop insulated gate bipolar transistors (FS IGBTs). This effect needs to be considered in FS IGBTs TCAD modeling to match accurately the device characteristics across a wide range of temperatures. The acceptor ionization energy (EA) governing the I.I. mechanism for the p-anode is extracted via matching the experimental turn-off waveforms and the static performance with Medici simulator. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

InGaAs/InAlAs雪崩光电二极管仿真设计

设计了一种InGaAs/InAlAs雪崩光电二极管(APD),并利用MEDICI软件进行了模拟仿真。器件采用背入射探测方式。雪崩增益区采用埋层设计,省略了保护环等结构;并使用双层掺杂,有效降低了增益区电场的梯度变化。由于结构简单,因此仅需要利用分子束外延(MBE)生长精确控制每层结构即可。由于InAlAs材料的空穴与电子的离化率有较大的差异,因此器件具有较低的噪声因子。

Levantamento exploratório-reconhecimento de alta intensidade e aptidão agrícola dos solos da área compreendida entre os km 81 e 152 da Rodovia Santarém-Cuiabá e o Rio Curua-Una.

Foram estudados os solos de uma area com 390.000 ha, situada a margem esquerda da Rodovia Santarem-Cuiaba, num trecho compreendido entre a cidade de Santarem e a Ruropolis Presidente Medici, no Estado do Para, com o objetivo de fornecer elementos basicos ao planejamento para ocupacao da area, atraves projetos de colonizacao. O trabalho constou do levantamento pedologico e posterior determinacao da aptidao agricola dos diferentes solos identificados e mapeados. Predominam na area os Latossolos e os podzolicos, ocorrendo em pequenas proporcoes as areias Quartzosas. As principais limitacoes se referem a fertilidade e a deficiencia de agua, enquanto que nos podzolicos, porquanto existam as limitacoes supracitadas, e o relevo que exerce em sua maioria, o principal papel de limitacoes das terras para o aproveitamento agropastoril. De acordo com o sistema de aptidao agricola adotado, os Latossolos, apesar de apresentarem baixa fertilidade e alta saturacao de aluminio, dada as suas propriedades fisicas, podem ser utilizados em empreendimentos agropecuarios com bons resultados, assim como os Podzolicos de relevo forte ondulado, recomenda-se a sua utilizacao para pastagem plantada ou silvicultura, e, para as Areais Quartzosas a melhor indicacao e a silvicultura.

Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Italy: An Appraisal of 26,863 Cases

Objective: To evaluate the practice of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in Italy. Methods: On behalf of the Italian Society of Young Surgeons (SPIGC), an audit of LA was carried out through a written questionnaire sent to 800 institutions in Italy. The questions concerned the diffusion of laparoscopic surgery and LA over the period 1990 through 2001, surgery-related morbidity and mortality rates, indications for LA, the diagnostic algorithm adopted prior to surgery, and use of LA among young surgeons (<40 years). Results: A total of 182 institutions (22.7%) participated in the current audit, and accounted for a total number of 26863 LA. Laparoscopic surgery is performed in 173 (95%) institutions, with 144 (83.2%) routinely performing LA. The mean interval from introduction of laparoscopic surgery to inception of LA was 3.4 ± 2.5 years. There was an emergent basis for 8809 (32.8%) LA procedures (<6 hours of admission); 10314 (38.4%) procedures were performed on an urgent basis (<24 hours of admission); while 7740 (28.8%) procedures were elective. The conversion rate was 2.1% (561 cases) and was due to intraoperative complications in 197 cases (35.1%). Intraoperative complications ranged as high as 0.32%, while postoperative complications were reported in 1.2% of successfully completed LA. The mean hospital stay for successfully completed LA was 2.5 ± 1.05 days. The highest rate of intraoperative complications was reported as occurring during the learning curve phase of their experience (in their first 10 procedures) by 39.7% of the surgeons. LA was indicated for every case of suspected acute appendiceal disease by 51.8% of surgeons, and 44.8% order abdominal ultrasound (US) prior to surgery. A gynecologic counseling is deemed necessary only by 34.5% surgeons, while an abdominal CT scan is required only by 1.5%. The procedure is completed laparoscopically in the absence of gross appendiceal inflammation by 83%; 79.8% try to complete the procedure laparoscopically in the presence of concomitant disease; while 10.4% convert to open surgery in cases of suspected malignancy. Of responding surgeons aged under 40, 76.3% can perform LA, compared to 47.3% surgeons of all age categories. Conclusions: The low response rate of the present survey does not allow us to assess the diffusion of LA in Italy, but rather to appraise its practice in centers routinely performing laparoscopic surgery. In the hands of experienced surgeons, LA has morbidity rates comparable to those of international series. The higher diagnostic yield of laparoscopy makes it an invaluable tool in the management algorithm of women of childbearing age; its advantages in the presence of severe peritonitis are less clear-cut. Surgeons remain the main limiting factor preventing a wider diffusion of LA in our country, since only 47.3% of surgeons from the audited institutions can perform LA on a routine basis.

Application-Level Energy Awareness for OpenMP

Power, and consequently energy, has recently attained first-class system resource status, on par with conventional metrics such as CPU time. To reduce energy consumption, many hardware- and OS-level solutions have been investigated. However, application-level information - which can provide the system with valuable insights unattainable otherwise - was only considered in a handful of cases. We introduce OpenMPE, an extension to OpenMP designed for power management. OpenMP is the de-facto standard for programming parallel shared memory systems, but does not yet provide any support for power control. Our extension exposes (i) per-region multi-objective optimization hints and (ii) application-level adaptation parameters, in order to create energy-saving opportunities for the whole system stack. We have implemented OpenMPE support in a compiler and runtime system, and empirically evaluated its performance on two architectures, mobile and desktop. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of OpenMPE with geometric mean energy savings across 9 use cases of 15 % while maintaining full quality of service.

A coleção de escultura da Faculdade de Belas Artes : a formação do gosto e o ensino do desenho

Tese de doutoramento, Belas-Artes (Desenho), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, 2014

Lettres de l'abbé Galiani.... Tome 2 / publiées... avec notice biographique, par Eugène Asse...

Collection : Lettres du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle

Lettres de l'abbé Galiani.... Tome 1 / publiées... avec notice biographique, par Eugène Asse...

Collection : Lettres du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle

[Lettre autographe signée d'Henri Montan Berton aux Académiciens, Paris, 17 mars 1838]

Communication à l'Académie : "proposition tendant à améliorer le sort des élèves musiciens à leur retour de Rome dans la capitale". - Signé : Berton, Halévy, Paer, Meyerbeer, Carafa, Cherubini