Acúmulo e desaparecimento de forragem e variações na estrutura de pastos de capim-xaraés submetidos a intensidades de pastejo em lotação intermitente

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the accumulation and disappearance of forage, and changes in the pasture structure of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to grazing intensities and intermittent stocking in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinaria of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. It was evaluated the canopy height, accumulation, disappearance and morphological components of forage and rest period. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure. It is observed variability of the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure for years of assessment and grazing cycles within each year.

Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of Brachiaria managed under different forage allowances

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fermentação, cinética e degradação ruminal em ovinos alimentados com fontes de carboidratos associadas ao óleo

The objective this work was to evaluate the degradation, fermentation and kinetics of passage rumen fluid en sheep fed diets containing different carbohydrate associated with the oil. Four rumen cannulated sheep were allotted in 4 x 4 latin square. The treatments consisted of diets with high neutral detergent soluble fiber and diets with high starch associated or not with 4,2% of oil. Incubation times were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours and ruminal fluid was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after feeding. Diets high neutral detergent fiber soluble resulted in greater degradation of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber soluble and starch, and higher pH values, butyric acid production, dilution rate and ruminal recycling compared with diets high starch content. The inclusion of 4,2% oil the different carbohydrate sources had no influence on the fermentation kinetics and degradation of the fiber. High content of neutral detergent soluble fiber in the diet favors the ruminal fermentation compared to the high starch content.

Enhanced production of parthenocarpic cucumbers pollinated with stingless bees and Africanized honey bees in greenhouses

Crops have different levels of dependence on pollinators; this holds true even for cultivars of the same species, as in the case of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The aim of this research was to assess the attractiveness of flowers of three Japanese parthenocarpic cucumber cultivars and evaluate the importance of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera), and the Brazilian native stingless bees, Jata (Tetragonisca angustula) and Ira (Nannotrigona testaceicornis) on fruit production. Several parameters, including frequency of bee visits to flowers as well as duration of nectar collection and fruit set were examined; additionally, fruit weight, length and diameter were evaluated. Three greenhouses located in Ribeirao Preto, SP, were used for planting three cucumber cultivars (Hokushin, Yoshinari and Soudai). The female flowers were more attractive than male flowers; however, Jata bees were not observed visiting the flowers. The Africanized and the Ira bees collected only nectar, with a visitation peak between 10 and 12h. Visits to female flowers had a longer duration than visits to male flower visits in all three cultivars. Africanized bee colonies declined due to loss of bees while in the greenhouse; the native stingless bee colonies did not suffer these losses. When bees were excluded, fruit set was 78%; however, when bees had access to the flowers, fruit set was significantly (19.2%) higher. Fruit size and weight did not differ with and without bees. This demonstrates that even in parthenocarpic cucumber cultivars, which do not require pollination in order to from fruits, fruit production is significantly increased by bee pollination.

Increased brood viability and longer lifespan of honeybees selected for propolis production

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Performance of steers supplemented with mineral mixtures in the State of Mato Grosso

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Positioning and number of nutritional levels in dose-response trials to estimate the optimal-level and the adjustment of the models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The effect of lipid sources on intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Nellore steers supplemented with glycerol

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Valor nutricional de silagem de capim-mombaça com aditivos agroindustriais

It was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of grass silage-mombasa associated with different additives in four times of opening the silo. The experiment was conducted in UFGD. After harvesting the forage, biomass in natura crushed, was taken to the lab, homogenized and enriched on the basis of natural mass, with the following additives: 5% wheat bran, 5% of waste (broken grain and soy ice cream cone) of soybean, 5% urea in natural matter and the witness (without additive). The silos were opened after (unprocessed material), 15, 30 and 45 days, for the analysis of chemical composition. The data obtained were analyzed through the statistical programme SISVAR and averages were compared to 5% of probability, by Skott-Knot. The grass silage-mombasa without additive presented major (P<0.05) dry matter content compared to other treatments at time 0 and 30 days of silage and did not differ (P>0.05) of grass silage- mombasa associated with 5 of urea in 15 days and 45 of silage. The grass silage-mombasa with 5% urea showed the highest crude protein content at time 0 and differed from other treatments. The silage of mombasa associated with 5% urea provided greater in vitro digestibility of dry matter to 15 days of silage.

TANZANIA GRASS STRUCTURE GRAZED BY GOATS MANAGED WITH DIFFERENT RESIDUAL LEAF AREA INDEX UNDER INTERMITTENT STOCKING

The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of Tanzania grassland grazed by goats managed with different residue leaf area index (RLAI) under intermittent stocking. The experiment was carried out from February to August, 2008. The treatments consisted of three different targets RLAI (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4) and 95% light interception (LI) criterion determined the rest period. Forage samples were collected at average height sampling points and weighed. Subsequently, a smaller sample was removed to separate the morphological components (leaf, stem and dead material) and to determine the structural and productive features. The canopy architecture was evaluated by the method of inclined point quadrat. The pre-grazing height in the paddocks were significantly different among treatments. RLAI influenced dry matter contents of green forage, leaf, stem and total, with the exception of dry matter of dead material, where the lowest values were observed for 0.8 RLAI. Thus, RLAI modifies canopy structure and is sensitive to canopy height changes throughout the year. Pasture regrowth is not compromised by residual leaf area indexes between 0.8 and 2.4, when climatic factors are not limiting.

Os Efeitos dos Programas Microbacias II: Acesso ao Mercado e Territórios da Cidadania no Pontal do Paranapanema – SP

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os resultados da implementação de duas políticas públicas: O Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável – PDRS (Microbacias II) e o Programa Territórios da Cidadania - PTC, sendo que a primeira é de âmbito estadual e visa o desenvolvimento rural e a segunda da esfera federal e tem como objetivo promover o desenvolvimento territorial. Optamos por efetuar a apreciação empírica de ambas as políticas no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural (EDR) de Presidente Venceslau, o qual é composto por onze municípios, quais sejam: Caiuá, Euclides da Cunha Paulista, Marabá Paulista, Mirante do Paranapanema, Piquerobi, Presidente Epitácio, Presidente Venceslau, Ribeirão dos Índios, Rosana, Santo Anastácio e Teodoro Sampaio. O Microbacias II (com execução prevista entre 2010 a 2015) é continuação do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas – PEMH (Microbacias I), o qual sua execução foi de 2000 a 2008. Ambos obtiveram financiamento parcial do Banco Mundial (BIRD) e se inserem numa nova lógica de desenvolvimento rural, diferente da que ocorreu entre as décadas de 1960 a 1980. Nessa nova perspectiva, passou a haver maior preocupação com a degradação ambiental e com a pobreza dos agricultores familiares. O Microbacias I teve maior preocupação com a degradação ambiental, enquanto que o Microbacias II está voltado para favorecer a inserção dos produtores rurais no mercado. O Programa Territórios da Cidadania foi criado em 2008 e tem como meta principal combater a pobreza nos territórios rurais selecionados. Houve significativos benefícios de ambos os programas no EDR

Blaise Cendrars e o Brasil: "Brésil, des hommes sont venus"

The paper intitled Blaise Cendrars and Brazil: Brésil, des hommes sont venus discusses the way Cendrars portrays Brazil, and also debates his influence on the artists of the Semana de Arte Moderna (Modern Art Week) in 1922.

Estocagem tecidual e utilização de lipídeos em Matrinxã, Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869)

Lipids have important biological functions, suchas membrane constituents, hormone precursors, and are efficient energy reserves, due to thers high caloric content. In fish, but not in mammals, lipid storage patterns are quite diverse. The aim of this study was to determine lipid distribution in somatic and reproductive tissues of matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, both male and female, highlighting somatic indices related to lipid dynamics. From Oct 98 to Jan 99, a total of 174 fish (8-12 each month) were sampled. After fish anesthesia, heparinized blood was collected for plasma triacylglycerol determination. Fish were individually weighed and measured, and liver, gonads and visceral fat were collected and weighed for HSI (hepatosomatic index), GSI (gonad somatic index) and MFI (mesenteric fat index) calculation. The highest values of total lipids were found in red muscle (about 18%), liver and gonads (about 16.5%). The white muscle had a lower concentration (2.5%). Analyses of variance of HSI and MFI showed fluctuations along the experimental period with lowest concentrations in the periods of highest temperatures. Matrinxã store lipids in several body tissues, including mesenteric fat, liver, muscles and gonads.

Lewis Carroll, a educação e o ensino de geometria na Inglaterra vitoriana

Research partly motivated by Lewis Carroll's Euclid and his modern rivals (1879) portuguese translation, this paper presents some hermeneutical remarks taken as necessary to understand the context in which such book was produced. The paper focuses particularly on education, in general, and on the teaching of mathematics and Geometry in victorian England.

Response of laying hens to methionine plus cystine intake by dilution technique

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)