Tratamento químico, revestimento e armazenamento de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu

A agregação de valor às sementes de Brachiaria spp., utilizando métodos e tecnologias de beneficiamento de sementes como o recobrimento das sementes é uma exigência do mercado consumidor, cada vez mais competitivo. Apesar do incremento no uso de sementes recobertas verificado no mercado nos últimos anos, são poucas as informações disponíveis na literatura sobre o comportamento destas sementes durante o período de armazenamento. Neste contexto, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes materiais de revestimento em associação com tratamento químico sobre desempenho das sementes durante o armazenamento. Foram utilizadas sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, e estas foram revestidas em uma betoneira adaptada, utilizando quatorze tipos de revestimento e como testemunha foram utilizadas sementes sem revestimento; combinados com e sem tratamento químico e armazenadas em condição ambiente. As avaliações da qualidade fisiológica pelo teste de germinação e emergência de plântulas e sanitária foram realizadas durante 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de armazenamento. Conclui-se que sementes revestidas com Areia + PVA e Areia + CaSiO3 + PVA ou polímero, tratadas quimicamente, mantém sua qualidade fisiológica ao longo dos 12 meses de armazenamento; o tratamento químico com fungicida Carbendazim + Thiram e inseticida Fipronil nas sementes revestidas ou não, é eficiente no controle de fungos e promove melhor desempenho fisiológico ao longo do armazenamento; o revestimento com Betonita e/ou Calcário afeta negativamente a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu no armazenamento por um período de 12 meses; o revestimento de sementes promove redução da velocidade de germinação e emergência de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu.

Avaliação da evolução de danos por "umidade" e redução do vigor em sementes de soja, cultivar TMG113-RR, durante o armazenamento, utilizando imagens de raios x e testes de potencial fisiológico

Condições climáticas desfavoráveis após a maturidade fisiológica em sementes de soja têm ocasionado problemas no seu potencial fisiológico, incluindo a ocorrência de danos por "umidade". Para a avaliação desses danos, a técnica de análise de imagens de raios X é aplicável para identificar, de maneira precisa, sua intensidade e localização. Assim, foi o objetivo desdte trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de armazenamento na evolução dos danos por "umidade" em sementes de soja utilizando o teste de raios X e testes de potencial fisiológico. Foram utilizados três lotes do cultivar TMG113-RR, armazenados durante 8 meses em ambiente não controlado, câmara seca (50% UR e 20 ºC) e câmara fria (65% UR e 10 ºC). Periodicamente, a cada 2 meses, as sementes foram avaliadas por meio dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em campo e raios X. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3x5 (lotes x ambientes x épocas) e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que houve evolução dos danos por "umidade" e, conseqüentemente, diminuição do potencial fisiológico durante o período de armazenamento das sementes. A evolução do referido dano foi maior nas sementes armazenadas em ambiente não controlado e menor para as armazenadas em câmara fria.

Physiological potential of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu seeds kept in contact with phosphatic fertilizers

The effect of mixture of seeds of Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu, with different sources, granulometry, and phosphatic fertilizer doses during various periods of exposure on the physiological potential of the seeds has been assessed. The treatments consisted in seed exposure during periods of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h to the following fertilizers: ground granulated single superphosphate (SS), and powdered (SSp); and ground granulated ammonium monophosphate (AMP), at doses of 40 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. Tests of germination, tetrazolium, moisture content, and vigor (first count, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed, and fresh mass of seedlings) were performed. It has been concluded that seed physiological potential of B. brizantha cv. Marandu is reduced with increase on the exposure period to phosphatic fertilizer. Such effect, however, is dependent on the product source, granulometry, and dose. SSp was the most harmful to seeds, followed by SSp and AMP, respectively. Moreover, considering a 60% germination rate as acceptable, it may be inferred that seeds can be kept in contact with AMP and SSp, in dose of 80 kg of P2O5 ha-1, respectively, for periods of 71.2 and 16.2 hours.

Uma irresistível vocação para cultivar a própria personalidade (Parte I)

Estudo da relação entre os judeus cultivados de Berlim (na figura de Rachel Varnhagen) e a cultura clássica alemã por meio da análise do papel nela representado pela idéia de "personalidade", senha da ideologia dos mandarins alemães.

Uma irresistível vocação para cultivar a própria personalidade (Parte II)

Estudo da relação entre os judeus cultivados de Berlim (na figura de Rachel Varnhagen) e a cultura clássica alemã por meio da análise do papel nela representado pela idéia de "personalidade", senha da ideologia dos mandarins alemães.

Impact of different irrigation strategies on grapes and wine quality of four grapevine cultivars (Vitis sp.) in cool climate conditions. An investigation into the relationships among ABA, water status, grape cultivar and wine quality

Niagara Peninsula of Ontario is the largest viticultural area in Canada. Although it is considered to be a cool and wet region, in the last decade many water stress events occurred during the growing seasons with negative effects on grape and wine quality. This study was initiated to understand and develop the best strategies for water management in vineyards and those that might contribute to grape maturity advancement. The irrigation trials investigated the impact of time of initiation (fruit set, lag phase and veraison), water replacement level based on theoretical loss through crop evapotranspiration (ETc; 100,50 and 25%) and different irrigation strategies [partial root zone drying (PRD) versus regulated deficit irrigation (RD!)] on grape composition and wine sensory profiles. The irrigation experiments were conducted in a commercial vineyard (Lambert Vineyards Inc.) located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, from 2005 through 2009. The two experiments that tested the combination of different water regimes and irrigation time initiation were set up in a randomized block design as follows: Baco noir - three replicates x 10 treatments [(25%, 50% and 100% of ETc) x (initiation at fruit set, lag phase and veraison) + control]; Chardonnay - three replicates x seven treatments [(25%, 50% and 100% of ETc) x (initiation at fruit set and veraison) + control]. The experiments that tested different irrigation strategies were set up on two cultivars as follows: Sauvignon blanc - four replicates x four treatments [control, fully irrigated (100% ETc), PRD (100% ETc) and RDI (25% ETc)]; Cabemet Sauvignon - four replicates x five treatments [control, fully irrigated (100% ETc), PRD (100% ETc), RDI (50% ETc) and RDI (25% ETc)]. The controls in each experiment were nonirrigated. The irrigation treatments were compared for many variables related to soil water status, vine physiology, berry composition, wine sensory profile, and hormone composition [(abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolites]. Soil moisture profile was mostly affected by irrigation treatments between 20 and 60 em depth depending on the grapevine cultivar and the regime of water applied. Overall soil moisture was consistently higher throughout the season in 100 and 50% ETc compare to the control. Transpiration rates and leaf temperature as well as shoot growth rate were the most sensitive variables to soil water status. Drip irrigation associated with RDI treatments (50% ETc and 25% ETc) had the most beneficial effects on vine physiology, fruit composition and wine varietal typicity, mainly by maintaining a balance between vegetative and reproductive parts of the vine. Neither the control nor the 100 ETc had overall a positive effect on grape composition and wine sensory typicity. The time of irrigation initiation affected the vine physiology and grape quality, the most positive effect was found in treatments initiated at lag phase and veraison. RDI treatments were overall more consistent in their positive effect on grape composition and wine varietal typicity comparing to PRD treatment. The greatest difference between non-irrigated and irrigated vines in most of the variables studied was found in 2007, the driest and hottest season of the experimental period. Soil water status had a greater and more consistent effect on red grapevine cultivars rather than on white winegrape cultivars. To understand the relationships among soil and plant water status, plant physiology and the hormonal profiles associated with it, abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolites [phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), 7-hydroxy-ABA (TOH-ABA), 8' -hydroxy-ABA, neophaseic acid and abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE)] were analyzed in leaves and berries from the Baco noir and Chardonnay irrigation trials over two growing seasons. ABA and some of its catabolites accurately described the water status in the vines. Endogenous ABA and some of its catabolites were strongly affected in Baco noir and Chardonnay by both the water regime (i.e. ET level) and timing of irrigation initiation. Chardonnay grapevines produced less ABA in both leaves and berries compared to Baco noir, which indicated that ABA synthesis is also cultivar dependant. ABA-GE was the main catabolite in treatments with high water deficits, while PA and DPA were higher in treatments with high water status, suggesting that the vine produced more ABA-GE under water deficits to maintain rapid control of the stomata. These differences between irrigation treatments with respect to ABA and catabolites were particularly noticeable in the dry 2007 season. Two trials using exogenous ABA investigated the effect of different concentrations of ABA and organs targeted for spraying, on grape maturation and berry composition of Cabemet Sauvignon grapevines, in two cool and wet seasons (2008-2009). The fIrst experiment consisted of three replicates x three treatments [(150 and 300 mg/L, both applications only on clusters) + untreated control] while the second experiment consisted in three replicates x four treatments [(full canopy, only clusters, and only leaves sprayed with 300 ppm ABA) + untreated control]. Exogenous ABA was effective in hastening veraison, and improving the composition of Cabemet Sauvignon. Ability of ABA to control the timing of grape berry maturation was dependant on both solution concentration and the target organ. ABA affected not only fruit composition but also yield components. Berries treated with ABA had lower weight and higher skin dry mass, which constitutes qualitative aspects desired in the wine grapes. Temporal advancement of ripening through hormonal control can lead to earlier fruit maturation, which is a distinct advantage in cooler areas or areas with a high risk of early frost occurrence. Exogenous ABA could provide considerable benefits to wine industry in terms of grape composition, wine style and schedule activities in the winery, particularly in wet and cool years. These trials provide the ftrst comprehensive data in eastern North America on the response of important hybrid and Vitis vinifera winegrape cultivars to irrigation management. Results from this study additionally might be a forward step in understanding the ABA metabolism, and its relationship with water status. Future research should be focused on ftnding the ABA threshold required to trigger the ripening process, and how this process could be controlled in cool climates.

Evaluación del potencial de producción de semilla de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) cultivar eclipse L-303 en 5 fechas de siembra y 3 densidades de población en Marín, N. L.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

Jardí m' ensenya a cultivar plantes. 'Jardín me enseña a cultivar plantas'.

Para la realización de este proyecto se ha contado con la colaboración de ASNIMO, associació de nins amb síndrome de Down de Balears, y el apoyo de la Conselleria d'Educació, Cultura i Esports del Govern Balear

El mol?? i l'Horta d'en Felip : un hort per conrear entre tots. 'El Mol?? i l'Horta d'en Felip : un huerto para cultivar entre todos'

Este itinerario did??ctico El Mol?? i l'Horta d'en Felip nace a partir de una visita a las instalaciones del molino del equipo pedag??gico del Museo Archivo Tom??s Balvey, de Cardedeu, despu??s de haber sido restaurado en el 2006. Se ha realizado un trabajo interactivo donde el escolar participa de la actividad con opiniones, ideas y conocimientos.

Cómo cultivar la reflexión y la sonrisa.

Se plantea la idea de emplear el humor como truco educativo. Para utilizar el humor en la educación se deberían por un lado, aplicar las denominadas fuentes del humor, entre las que se encuentran, los libros y la prensa, y por otro, la lengua, como recurso para utilizar frases hechas o modismos dados por el uso popular del habla. También se señala la conveniencia utilizar los nombres geográficos en tono humorístico para recordar países, ciudades, ríos, cabos, etc., a través de asociaciones de nombres y reglas nemotécnicas.

Cultivar la calidad.

A partir de la experiencia del Ayuntamiento de Pistoia, se plantean los parámetros que definen la calidad educativa de las escuelas de 0-3 y de 3-6 años de edad. El lugar donde transcurre la vida cotidiana tiene que ser un sitio que el niño ha de sentir como algo propio, familiar y seguro, en el que se vea acogido y reconocido. El modo en que se organiza el espacio, así como las características de los materiales y de los elementos decorativos, ejercen influencia sobre los comportamientos sociales y cognitivos. Se considera importante la participación entre la escuela y la familia para el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño.

La lectura es divertida : diez métodos para cultivar el hábito de lectura en los niños.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Cómo cultivar la ciudadanía cosmopolita en la Educación Superior : el caso de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Monográfico con el título: 'La Educación para el Desarrollo ante las desigualdades del siglo XXI'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Cultivar el amor a la vida.

El artículo forma parte de un dossier titulado: Educar con la naturaleza.

Fungicide and cultivar affect post-anthesis patterns of nitrogen uptake, remobilization and utilization efficiency in wheat

Three successive field experiments (2000/01-2002/03) assessed the effect of wheat cultivar (Consort.. Hereward and Shamrock) and fungicide (epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin) applied at and after flag leaf emergence on the nitrogen in the above-ground crop (Total N) and grain (Grain N), net nitrogen remobilization from non-grain tissues (Remobilized N). grain dry matter (Grain Dill), and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE(g) = Grain DM/Total N). Ordinary logistic curves were fitted to the accumulation of Grain N, Grain DM and Remobilized N against thermal time after anthesis and used to simultaneously derive fits for Total N and NUtE(g). When disease was controlled, Consort achieved the greatest Grain DM, Total N, Grain N and NUtEg; in each case due mostly to longer durations, rather than quicker rates, of accumulation. Fungicide application increased final Grain Dill.. Grant N, Total N and Remobilized N, also mostly through effects on duration rather than rate of accumulation. Completely senesced leaf laminas retained less nitrogen when fungicide had been applied compared with leaf laminas previously infected severely with brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and Septoria tritici, or with just S. tritici. Late movement of nitrogen out of fungicide-treated laminas contributed to extended duration of both nitrogen remobilization and grain N filling, and meant that increases in NUtE(g) could occur without simultaneous reductions in grain N concentration.