Sedimentology and stable carbon and oxygen isotope record of the Central Arctic

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope and sedimentological-paleontological investigations supported by accelerator mass spectrometry 14C datings were carried out on cores from north of 85°N in the eastern central Arctic Ocean. Significant changes in accumulation rates, provenance of ice-rafted debris (IRD), and planktic productivity over the past 80,000 years are documented. During peak glacials, i.e., oxygen isotope stages 4 and 2, the Arctic Ocean was covered by sea ice with decreased seasonal variation, limiting planktic productivity and bulk sedimentation rates. In early stage 3 and during Termination I, major deglaciations of the circum-Arctic regions caused lowered salinities and poor oxygenation of central Arctic surface waters. A meltwater spike and an associated IRD peak dated to ~14-12 14C ka can be traced over the southern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. This event was associated with the early and rapid deglaciation of the marine-based Barents Sea Ice Sheet. A separate Termination Ib meltwater event is most conspicuous in the central Arctic and is associated with characteristic dolomitic carbonate IRD. This lithology suggests an origin of glacial ice from northern Canada and northern Greenland where lower Paleozoic platform carbonates crop extensively out.

Sedimentation rates calculated on surface sediment samples from different site of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Table 1)

Radiocarbon ages on CaCO3 from deep-sea cores offer constraints on the nature of the CaCO3 dissolution process. The idea is that the toll taken by dissolution on grains within the core top bioturbation zone should be in proportion to their time of residence in this zone. If so, dissolution would shift the mass distribution in favor of younger grains, thereby reducing the mean radiocarbon age for the grain ensemble. We have searched in vain for evidence supporting the existence of such an age reduction. Instead, we find that for water depths of more than 4 km in the tropical Pacific the radiocarbon age increases with the extent of dissolution. We can find no satisfactory steady state explanation and are forced to conclude that this increase must be the result of chemical erosion. The idea is that during the Holocene the rate of dissolution of CaCO3 has exceeded the rain rate of CaCO3. In this circumstance, bioturbation exhumes CaCO3 from the underlying glacial sediment and mixes it with CaCO3 raining from the sea surface.

Sea surface temperature and stable isotopes from 9 cores of the Northeastern Atlantic

Temporal and spatial patterns in eastern North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SST) were reconstructed for marine isotope stage (MIS) 11c using a submeridional transect of five sediment cores. The SST reconstructions are based on planktic foraminiferal abundances and alkenone indices, and are supported by benthic and planktic stable isotope measurements, as well as by ice-rafted debris content in polar and middle latitudes. Additionally, the larger-scale dynamics of the precipitation regime over northern Africa and the western Mediterranean region was evaluated from iron concentrations in marine sediments off NW Africa and planktic d13C in combination with analysis of planktic foraminiferal abundances down to the species level in the Mediterranean Sea. Compared to the modern situation, it is revealed that during entire MIS 11c sensu stricto (ss), i.e., between 420 and 398 ka according to our age models, a cold SST anomaly in the Nordic seas co-existed with a warm SST anomaly in the middle latitudes and the subtropics, resulting in steeper meridional SST gradients than during the Holocene. Such a SST pattern correlates well with a prevalence of a negative mode of the modern North Atlantic Oscillation. We suggest that our scenario might partly explain the longer duration of wet conditions in the northern Africa during MIS 11c compared to the Holocene.

Marie Antoinette and the end of the old régime;

Covers period 1781-October 1789. Continued by "Marie Antoinette at the Tuilleries" and "Marie Antoinette and the downfall of royalty".

The life and letters of Madame Élisabeth de France, followed by the Journal of the Temple,

Edition limited to 800 numbered sets.

Diplomatic history of the Panama Canal. Correspondence relating to the negotiation and application of certain treaties on the subject of the construction of an interoceanic canal, and accompanying papers.

Includes a report of the secretary of state, with papers relative to the construction of the Panama Canal.

The diplomatic relations of the United States and Spanish America.

Mode of access: Internet.

American foreign policy, based upon statements of presidents and secretaries of state of the United States and of publicists of the American republics,

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of the 1964 Trade Mission to Venezuela.

"A supplement to International Commerce."

The Covenanters, a history of the church in Scotland from the Reformation to the Revolution,

Mode of access: Internet.

Catalogue of works on anthropology, ethnology, primitive society, etc., etc. : also mythology and folk-lore including a portion of the Library of Sir H. H. Risley.

Mode of access: Internet.

The 'Contour' road book of Scotland; a series of elevation plans of the roads, with measurements and descriptive letterpress.

Mode of access: Internet.

Chronicles of Bow street police-office : with an account of the magistrates, "runners", and police, and a selection of the most interesting cases /

Mode of access: Internet.

Catalogue of the type fossils in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge.

Mode of access: Internet.

The signors of the night; the story of Frá Giovanni, the soldier-monk of Venice; and of others in the "Silent city",

Mode of access: Internet.