有机磷农药在水生态系中生物净化机理研究——2.CTP-02降解对硝基酚的特性和动力学

从鸭儿湖氧化塘中分离出具有分解对硝基酚能力的细菌Pseudomonas sp.,代号CTP-02。在实验室条件下,细菌培养物降解对硝基酚的速度与时间之间的动力学方程为dc/dt=-K_1t-K_2,细菌降解对硝基酚的最适温度为35℃,最适pH为7.5。CTP-02菌降解对硝基酚过程中首先发生脱硝基作用。

Electrical properties of LiNbO3 (electrolyte)/Cu (anode) bi-layers

In this work specific film structures of Li-Nb-O/Li/Li-Nb-O are investigated by AC Impedance Spectroscopy measurements at different temperatures. This gives the opportunity to investigate properties of the material itself and, at the same time, to consider the influence of the grain boundaries on the ionic behavior of the polycrystalline Lithium Niobate. On the other hand, LiNbO3/Li/Cu multi-layers are studied as electrolyte/anode bi-layers and potential parts of "Li-free" microbatteries. The Li deficiency in the as deposited Li-Nb-O films is cured by forming a "sandwich" of Li-Nb-O/Li/Li-Nb-O, which after annealing becomes ionic conductor. The electrical behavior of an annealed film depends on two sources. The first is due to properties of the material itself and the second is based on the network of the grain boundaries. The average size of the grains is strongly influenced by the structure of the ohmic-contact/substrate. The electrical behavior of the electrolyte/anode interface of the "Li-free" structure LiNbO3/Li/Cu/Au is very similar to the impedance measurements of the single LiNbO3 single films. The whole multilayer structure, though, presents a third relaxation time which is consistent of a small resistance. This resistance is independent of temperature and it seems that is due to the metallic interface Li/Cu/Au. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Microcystin-RR-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in tobacco BY-2 cells

Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide hepatoxins produced by cyanobacteria. It has been shown that microcystins have adverse effects on animals and on plants as well. Previous researches also indicated that microcystins were capable of inducing oxidative damage in animals both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, tobacco BY-2 suspension cell line was applied to examine the effects of microcystin-RR on plant cells. Cell viability and five biochemical parameters including reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxide (GPX) and peroxide dismutase (POD) were investigated when cells were exposed to 50 mg/L microcystin-RR. Results showed that microcystin-RR evoked decline of the cell viability to approximately 80% after treating for 144 h. ROS levels, POD and GPX activities of the treated cells were gradually increased with a time dependent manner. Changes of SOD and CAT activities were also detected in BY-2 cells. After 168 h recovery, ROS contents, POD, GPX and CAT activities returned to normal levels. These results suggest that the microcystin-RR can cause the increase of ROS contents in plant cells and these changes led to oxidant stress, at the same time, the plant cells would improve their antioxidant abilities to combat mirocystin-RR induced oxidative injury. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of environmental variables on macroinvertebrates in a macrophyte-dominated Chinese lake, with emphasis on the relationships between macrophyte heterogeneity and macroinvertebrate patterns

The benthic community structure in Baoan Lake was examined in relation to lake water physicochemical characteristics and biological parameters. Seventy macroinvertebrate taxa were identified, and mollusks constituted the dominant group and accounted for more than 80% of the total abundance. Assemblages were composed mainly of scrapers (81.5%) and collector-gatherers (roughly 10%). Three plant variables (richness, total cover, and total biomass) were strongly correlated with the faunal gradient (p<0.05). Other predicator variables were Cl-, SiO2, and chemical oxygen demand. Because of the importance of macrophytes in structuring benthic assemblage in this lentic system, the spatial heterogeneity of macrophytes also influenced the pattern of macroinvertebrates. Seven lake regions were uniquely characterized according to primary macrophyte composition and biomass. There were significant differences for macroinvertebrate taxa richness, abundance, and biodiversity among the seven macrophyte regions.

The electronic structure of strained ZnO/MgxZn1-xO superlattices and the influence of polarization

Based on the effective-mass model, the lower energies of the electron and the hole of ZnO/MgxZn1-xO superlattices are calculated. Because of the mismatch of the lattice constant between the ZnO well and the MgxZn1-xO barrier, piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization exist in ZnO/MgxZn1-xO superlattices and a macroscopical internal electric held is found when well width L-w >4 nm and Mg concentration x > 0.2. The parameters of ZnO/MgxZn1-xO superlattices such as lattice constant, band offset, etc. are also proposed. Through calculations, we found the internal electric field can change the lowest energies of the electron and hole to 105.4 and 85.1 meV when well width L-w up to 70 angstrom, which will influence the electronic and optical properties of ZnO/MgxZn1-xO superlattices greatly, while the Rashba effect from the internal electric field is so small that it can be neglected. The ground state exciton energies with different Mg concentration x are also calculated by variational method, our results are very close to the experimental results when Mg concentration x <= 0.3. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

曙光5000A天体大规模数值模拟软件性能测试

在国产百万亿次超级计算机曙光5000A上进行了天体大规模数值模拟软件的性能和可扩展测试实验,详细介绍了软件中的测试程序以及测试环境和过程,并对测试结果进行了分析.对于80×80×50的网格规模,采用每节点4进程测试了16～128个处理器核,每节点8进程、16进程分别测试了16～512个处理器核,相对加速比最终分别达到5.33、10.48和12.57,并行效率分别达到66.66%、32.58%和32.29%.对于160×160×100的网格规模,测试了每节点16进程的64～8192个核的性能,最大相对加速比为12.46,并行效率为9.73%.测试结果表明,曙光5000A具有良好的性能,测试结果对软件下一步的优化研究具有重要的指导意义.

一类基于混沌函数的分组密码的安全性评估

评估了一类基于混沌函数的分组密码（generalized Feistel structure,简称GFS）抵抗差分密码分析和线性密码分析的能力，如果轮函数是双射且它的最大差分特征概率和线性逼近概率分别是p和q，则r轮GFS的最大差分特征和线性逼近的概率分别以p^r-1和q^r-1为其上界。

基于植物群落结构的水土流失植被因子指数研究

通过分析传统生态学盖度在指示植被防止水土流失功能的不足,以植被垂直结构中各个层次控制水土流失的机理为依据,提出结构化植被因子指数Cs这一新的指标,建立了植被因子指数模型并进行了案例分析。结果表明:油松和山杨群落中,林冠层、草被层及枯枝落叶层都是植被防止水土流失的关键层次,其盖度对于防止水土流失的作用权重分别为0.0150,0.591,0.394和0.0608,0.828,0.112。结构化植被因子指数考虑了群落结构中各层次的相对作用,并结合各层次的盖度来综合反映植被影响水土流失的作用,比传统的生态学盖度能更好地描述植被与土壤侵蚀的关系,是一种理想的植被因子指标。

海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)生境变化与潜在适宜生境研究

海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)是世界上最濒危的灵长类之一，曾经广泛分 布于海南岛的低海拔地区，但现已濒临灭绝；生境变化被认为是它的主要致危因 素之一。为了探讨过去十多年中它们的生境变化原因和变化趋势，并在整个海南 岛内寻找它们的潜在生境，为制订保护计划提供帮助，我们利用遥感和地理信息 系统技术对海南长臂猿的生境状况进行了分析。海南长臂猿的高质量生境是成熟 的山地雨林和沟谷雨林，根据卫星遥感影像的识别能力，我们把成熟林定义为海 南长臂猿的适宜生境，通过对1991 年和2001 年拍摄的Landsat 卫星影像的解译， 我们分析比较了海南岛林地在这十年内的变化情况；通过这两个时期成熟林不同 大小斑块数量与面积的比较，以及成熟林平均斑块面积、斑块密度、斑块之间的 最近距离平均值、最大斑块所占面积等四个破碎化参数的计算，分析了海南长臂 猿高质量生境十年来的生境破碎化趋势；还对不同海拔带的人工林、天然林以及 成熟林的变化情况进行了比较；进而通过海南岛林地变化与社会和经济因素相关 性分析对海南长臂猿生境变化的原因进行了探讨。 结果显示，海南岛的成熟林面积由1991 年的157,927 hm2 减少到2001 年的 107,597 hm2，降低了32％；大小分别为10 hm2、25 hm2、50 hm2、100 hm2、200 hm2 的成熟林斑块的面积和数量都有所下降，并且自然保护区外的下降程度比自 然保护区内严重，省级自然保护区的下降程度比国家级自然保护区的严重。海南 岛现存最大的成熟林斑块位于鹦哥岭省级自然保护区。在这十年中，成熟林破碎 化程度加重，具体表现为平均斑块面积减少、斑块密度增加、斑块之间最近距离 平均值减小、最大斑块所占面积减少。在0-800 m 海拔带上，成熟林的下降比率 达到了36％，在这个海拔带上的人工林面积已远远大于天然林，在800-1400 m 海拔带上，成熟林的下降比率为23％，天然林的面积大于人工林。统计分析显 示当地的农业人口和农业总产值与成熟林的面积呈显著负相关(R =-0.534 P＜ 0.01；R =-0.512 P＜0.01)，同时农业人口与人工林和耕地面积呈显著正相关(R =0.611 P＜0.05；R =0.759, P＜0.05)，这说明成熟林下降与人口增长带来的耕地 扩张以及为了追求经济增长而大量种植人工林密切相关。而海南长臂猿曾经广泛分布在低海拔地区，这一带上大面积的生境丧失使它们的种群在短期内濒临灭 绝。 为了对未来海南长臂猿的生境保护和种群恢复提供帮助，我们利用地理信息 系统Arcgis 软件分析了海南长臂猿2001 年的生境空间分布格局，以成熟林的面 积和距离为指标预测了海南长臂猿的潜在适宜生境。结果显示，至2001 年，海 南岛除了白马岭、南高岭、抱龙、俄贤岭四个地方外，长臂猿的适宜生境多半分 布于自然保护区内；海南长臂猿目前唯一的分布地位于昌江县和白沙县交界的坝 王岭自然保护区，并且只活动于核心区内的一小块地区，此处有两段公路在使用 中，对海南长臂猿的保护不利。 根据上述研究结果，我们建议政府采取措施严格控制海南长臂猿潜在适宜生 境分布地的人口增长，切实执行天然林保护法，并设法恢复低海拔地带的天然植 被。建议在白马岭、南高岭、抱龙、俄贤岭建立四个新的自然保护区，把鹦哥岭 自然保护区从省级提升到国家级。在坝王岭自然保护区的低海拔地带种植本土速 生树种，将海南长臂猿活动区周围的小斑块与大斑块连接到一起，并设法消除该 保护区内两段公路对海南长臂猿的较大负面影响，提高海南长臂猿的生境质量并 扩大其活动范围。同时在自然保护区周边社区大力开展环境保护教育，努力使当 地人可以从生态系统保护中受益。

Structures of energy spectrum and persistent currents in mesoscopic rings with radial potential barrier in magnetic field

The energy spectrum and the persistent currents are calculated for finite-width mesoscopic annular structures with radial potential barrier in the presence of a magnetic field. The introduction of the tunneling barrier leads to the creation of extra edge states around the barrier and the occurrence of oscillatory structures superimposed on the bulk Landau level plateaus in the energy spectrum. We found that the Fermi energy E-F increases with the number of electrons N emerging many kinks. The single eigenstate persistent current exhibits complicated structures with vortex-like texture, ''bifurcation'', and multiple ''furcation'' patterns as N is increased. The total currents versus N display wild fluctuations.

GaAs基GaAsSb／GaInAs双层量子阱的发光

嵌入GaAs中的GaAsSb／GaInAs量子阱因其在1．3～1．5μm光通信波段发光的潜力而受到关注，我们研究了一系列MBE生长的GaAsSb／GaInAs量子阱样品的光致发光，发现所有样品在室温下都出现了一个较强的、波长在1．3μm附近的低能峰和一个较弱的高能峰。变温及变激发功率的荧光谱测量研究发现，高能峰只有在150K以上的测试条件下才能观测到，并且其相对强度随着温度的升高而增加，其调制光谱显示出第一类跃迁的特征。他们建立了理论模型，计算的结果支持将这一发光峰指派为GaInAs层内电子的基态与重空穴激发态间的跃迁，并与实验数据吻合得很好。同时初步讨论了改善1．3μm的低能峰发光的方法。