Global compilation of benthic data sets I

Approaches to quantify the organic carbon accumulation on a global scale generally do not consider the small-scale variability of sedimentary and oceanographic boundary conditions along continental margins. In this study, we present a new approach to regionalize the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface sediments (<5 cm sediment depth). It is based on a compilation of more than 5500 single measurements from various sources. Global TOC distribution was determined by the application of a combined qualitative and quantitative-geostatistical method. Overall, 33 benthic TOC-based provinces were defined and used to process the global distribution pattern of the TOC content in surface sediments in a 1��x1�� grid resolution. Regional dependencies of data points within each single province are expressed by modeled semi-variograms. Measured and estimated TOC values show good correlation, emphasizing the reasonable applicability of the method. The accumulation of organic carbon in marine surface sediments is a key parameter in the control of mineralization processes and the material exchange between the sediment and the ocean water. Our approach will help to improve global budgets of nutrient and carbon cycles.

Pollen and dinoflagellate cyst counts on sediment core M72/5_628-1 (MD72/5-25-GC1) from the Black Sea

High-resolution pollen and dinoflagellate cyst records from sediment core M72/5-25-GC1 were used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in northern Anatolia and surface conditions of the Black Sea between 64 and 20 ka BP. During this period, the dominance of Artemisia in the pollen record indicates a steppe landscape and arid climate conditions. However, the concomitant presence of temperate arboreal pollen suggests the existence of glacial refugia in northern Anatolia. Long-term glacial vegetation dynamics reveal two major arid phases ~64-55 and 40-32 ka BP, and two major humid phases ~54-45 and 28-20 ka BP, correlating with higher and lower summer insolation, respectively. Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles are clearly indicated by the 25-GC1 pollen record. Greenland interstadials are characterized by a marked increase in temperate tree pollen, indicating a spread of forests due to warm/wet conditions in northern Anatolia, whereas Greenland stadials reveal cold and arid conditions as indicated by spread of xerophytic biomes. There is evidence for a phase lag of ~500 to 1500 yr between initial warming and forest expansion, possibly due to successive changes in atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic sector. The dominance of Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis in the dinocyst record indicates brackish Black Sea conditions during the entire glacial period. The decrease of marine indicators (marine dinocysts, acritarchs) at ~54 ka BP and increase of freshwater algae (Pediastrum, Botryococcus) from 32 to 25 ka BP reveals freshening of the Black Sea surface water. This freshening is possibly related to humid phases in the region, to connection between Caspian Sea and Black Sea, to seasonal freshening by floating ice, and/or to closer position of river mouths due to low sea level. In the southern Black Sea, Greenland interstadials are clearly indicated by high dinocyst concentrations and calcium carbonate content, as a result of an increase in primary productivity. Heinrich events show a similar impact on the environment in the northern Anatolia/Black Sea region as Greenland stadials.

Saberes sobre a literatura: um estudo com professores de 1�� ao 5�� ano do Ensino Fundamental

El estudio investiga los saberes liter��rios del profesores del Ense��o Fundamental de las series iniciales sobre la literatura. Cuando se piensa en la influencia del profesor como aquel que tiene papel decisivo en la ense��anza de la lectura y reconocimiento de la funci��n y formaci��n del mediador profesional, buscamos compreender que conocimiento tiene sobre la literatura. Optamos por los profesores que trabajan en los a��os iniciales del Ense��o Fundamental basadas en el entendimiento de la educaci��n b��sica, es de suma import��ncia en la formaci��n del lector liter��rio. El estudio se caracteriza por ser un enfoque cualitativo. Adoptamos como procedimientos metodol��gicos, la entrevista semiestructurada, elaborada com preguntas abiertas que se centran en eventos de lectura de las practicas em fam��lia, en la escuela, en la educaci��n superiory en el ejercicio de ense��nza grabadas en audio, adem��s de elevar um di��rio de campo. La investigaci��n lleva a cabo en cuatro escuelas de la ciudad de Natal ��� Rn, con dicinueve profesores que trabajan con alumnos de 1�� a 5�� a��o del Ense��anza Fundamental. El corpus de la entrevista constituye el an��lisis de los profesores y es analizado tomando como referencia los princ��pios de an��lisis de contenido, especificado por Laurence Bardin (1997). Se tom�� como referencial sobre la lectura, la literatura y pr��ctica pedag��gica los estudios te��ricos de Amarilha (1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013); Cosson (2011); Lajolo (2006); Larrossa (1996, 2003); Morin (2010); Yunes (2003, 2010). Sobre la teor��a literaria, Candido (2002, 2012); Zilberman (1993); Culler (1999). Acerca de la est��tica recepci��n, Eco (1994); Iser (1996); Jauss (2002). Sobre los saberes docentes, N��voa (1992, 1997, 2002); Perrenoud (1999, 2002), Tardif (1991, 2000, 2002, 2005). Sobre los saberes liter��rios, Paulino (2004, 2007), dentre outros. El an��lisis se��ala que los profesores dominan v��rios conocimientos sobre la literatura que son transportados a la formaci��n a trav��s del di��logo con otras lecturas, con otros espacios interactivos, en conviv��ncia con otros lectores. Cabe destacar el saber que la literatura es humanizar el fator, por lo tanto, la necesidad de escolariz�� que a trav��s de las pr��cticas liter��rias que involucran estudiantes, professores y comunidad escola. El studio tambi��n revela que en la escuela recital liter��rio es necesario para la ense��anza de valores, para ense��ar a leer, para inculcar el amor por la lectura. En este contexto, destacamos la importancia de la mediaci��n del profesor como formador de lectores que domina los conocimientos necesarios para satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes, desarrollando los letctores conocimientos para fomentar el gusto por el texto liter��rio

Organic carbon accumulation in the South Atlantic Ocean

A compilation of 1118 surface sediment samples from the South Atlantic was used to map modern seafloor distribution of organic carbon content in this ocean basin. Using new data on Holocene sedimentation rates, we estimated the annual organic carbon accumulation in the pelagic realm (>3000 m water depth) to be approximately 1.8*10**12 g C/year. In the sediments underlying the divergence zone in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic (EEA), only small amounts of organic carbon accumulate in spite of the high surface water productivity observed in that area. This implies that in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, organic carbon accumulation is strongly reduced by efficient degradation of organic matter prior to its burial. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), accumulation of organic carbon was higher than during the mid-Holocene along the continental margins of Africa and South America (Brazil) as well as in the equatorial region. In the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic in particular, large relative differences between LGM and mid-Holocene accumulation rates are found. This is probably to a great extent due to better preservation of organic matter related to changes in bottom water circulation and not just a result of strongly enhanced export productivity during the glacial period. On average, a two- to three-fold increase in organic carbon accumulation during the LGM compared to mid-Holocene conditions can be deduced from our cores. However, for the deep-sea sediments this cannot be solely attributed to a glacial productivity increase, as changes in South Atlantic deep-water circulation seem to result in better organic carbon preservation during the LGM.

Contribution relative des sous-types 1 et 5 des r��cepteurs m��tabotropes du glutamate dans la potentialisation �� long terme des interneurones hippocampiques chez la souris

M��moire num��ris�� par la Direction des biblioth��ques de l'Universit�� de Montr��al.

Contribution relative des sous-types 1 et 5 des r��cepteurs m��tabotropes du glutamate dans la potentialisation �� long terme des interneurones hippocampiques chez la souris

M��moire num��ris�� par la Direction des biblioth��ques de l'Universit�� de Montr��al.

Antarctic ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and global bathymetry (RTopo 1.0.5-beta)

Sub-ice shelf circulation and freezing/melting rates in ocean general circulation models depend critically on an accurate and consistent representation of cavity geometry. Existing global or pan-Antarctic data sets have turned out to contain various inconsistencies and inaccuracies. The goal of this work is to compile independent regional fields into a global data set. We use the S-2004 global 1-minute bathymetry as the backbone and add an improved version of the BEDMAP topography for an area that roughly coincides with the Antarctic continental shelf. Locations of the merging line have been carefully adjusted in order to get the best out of each data set. High-resolution gridded data for upper and lower ice surface topography and cavity geometry of the Amery, Fimbul, Filchner-Ronne, Larsen C and George VI Ice Shelves, and for Pine Island Glacier have been carefully merged into the ambient ice and ocean topographies. Multibeam survey data for bathymetry in the former Larsen B cavity and the southeastern Bellingshausen Sea have been obtained from the data centers of Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), gridded, and again carefully merged into the existing bathymetry map. The global 1-minute dataset (RTopo-1 Version 1.0.5) has been split into two netCDF files. The first contains digital maps for global bedrock topography, ice bottom topography, and surface elevation. The second contains the auxiliary maps for data sources and the surface type mask. A regional subset that covers all variables for the region south of 50 deg S is also available in netCDF format. Datasets for the locations of grounding and coast lines are provided in ASCII format.

Refining the diagnosis and EGFR status of non-small cell lung carcinoma in biopsy and cytologic material, using a panel of mucin staining, TTF-1, cytokeratin 5/6, and P63, and EGFR mutation analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The dichotomization of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) subtype into squamous (SQCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) has become important in recent years and is increasingly required with regard to management. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of a panel of commercially available antibodies in refining the diagnosis on small biopsies and also to determine whether cytologic material is suitable for somatic EGFR genotyping in a prospectively analyzed series of patients undergoing investigation for suspected lung cancer. METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive cases of NSCLC were first tested using a panel comprising cytokeratin 5/6, P63, thyroid transcription factor-1, 34betaE12, and a D-PAS stain for mucin, to determine their value in refining diagnosis of NSCLC. After this test phase, two further pathologists independently reviewed the cases using a refined panel that excluded 34betaE12 because of its low specificity for SQCC, and refinement of diagnosis and concordance were assessed. Ten cases of ADC, including eight derived from cytologic samples, were sent for EGFR mutation analysis. RESULTS: There was refinement of diagnosis in 65% of cases of NSCLC to either SQCC or ADC in the test phase. This included 10 of 13 cases where cell pellets had been prepared from transbronchial needle aspirates. Validation by two further pathologists with varying expertise in lung pathology confirmed increased refinement and concordance of diagnosis. All samples were adequate for analysis, and they all showed a wild-type EGFR genotype. CONCLUSION: A panel comprising cytokeratin 5/6, P63, thyroid transcription factor-1, and a D-PAS stain for mucin increases diagnostic accuracy and agreement between pathologists when faced with refining a diagnosis of NSCLC to SQCC or ADC. These small samples, even cell pellets derived from transbronchial needle aspirates, seem to be adequate for EGFR mutation analysis.

Conjugalidade e Parentalidade: estudo sobre a influ��ncia das preocupa����es parentais na satisfa����o conjugal em pais de crian��as com 1 a 5 anos de idade em educa����o pr��-escolar

Segundo a abordagem sist��mica, a transi����o para a parentalidade demarca uma das mais intensas mudan��as do ciclo de vida de uma fam��lia. A melhor forma de compreender a fam��lia, �� tentar entend��-la como um sistema, um todo, uma globalidade, como uma rede complexa de rela����es e emo����es que n��o s��o suscept��veis de serem pensadas isoladamente (Oliveira, 2002). Por��m, �� relevante a forma como cada indiv��duo, passa pela transi����o para a parentalidade. Considerou-se pertinente realizar um estudo que englobe a influ��ncia que as preocupa����es parentais apresentam na rela����o conjugal, tendo como objectivo clarificar a interac����o entre as vari��veis j�� referidas e, ainda, a influ��ncia que o sexo dos indiv��duos, o tempo de casamento e a idade dos filhos exerce nessa interac����o. Para tal, recorreu-se a uma amostra de 42 indiv��duos, casados e com um ��nico filho, que responderam �� Escala de Avalia����o da Satisfa����o em ��reas da Vida Conjugal (EASAVC) (Narciso & Costa, 1996), para avalia����o da satisfa����o conjugal, e �� Escala de Preocupa����es Parentais (EPP) (Algarvio, Leal, & Maroco, in press). Os resultados demonstram que a satisfa����o conjugal e as preocupa����es parentais se encontram relacionadas entre si, n��o apresentando uma forte correla����o. Contudo, constata-se que a satisfa����o conjugal aumenta diante de uma preocupa����o parental, do mesmo modo, se a preocupa����o parental for fraca, a satisfa����o conjugal tem valores m��dios mais baixos. Os resultados apontam para que o g��nero e os anos de casamento n��o influenciem os n��veis de satisfa����o conjugal, bem como a idade dos filhos n��o influ��ncia estas preocupa����es, tendo-se ainda verificado que n��o existem diferen��as entre sexos ao n��vel das preocupa����es parentais.

Dise��o e implementaci��n de un sistema de dosificaci��n para un tipo de bebida alcoh��lica de 1 a 5 onzas

Tesis (Ingeniero(a) en Automaziaci��n).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingenier��a. Programa de Ingenier��a en Automatizaci��n

Desde la opulencia y la miseria a la delincuencia juvenil: estudio realizado con j?venes pertenecientes a estratos socio-econ?micos 1 y 5 de la ciudad de Cali [recurso electr?nico]

El estudio de la delincuencia juvenil ha sido llevado a cabo generalmente con poblaciones pertenecientes a estratos socioecon?micos bajos, lo cual ha limitado su marco compresivo y explicativo. De tal forma que se han promovido los elevados niveles de pobreza y desigualdad social en los que vive gran parte de la poblaci?n del pa?s y de Latinoam?rica, como causa determinante de la participaci?n de j?venes en pr?cticas delincuenciales. Consideramos pertinente realizar un acercamiento a esta problem?tica, con el objetivo de comprender aquellos elementos, tanto del contexto socioecon?mico como del plano psicol?gico individual, que subyacen a la participaci?n de j?venes, de estratos altos y bajos, en din?micas delincuenciales

qu�� darle de comer a su ni��o de 1 a 5 a��os de edad

This brochure, printed in Spanish, describes what to feed children ages one to five. Included are tips on how to make mealtimes happy, normal behavior and growth and appetite. A chart of daily recommended amounts from different food groups and a sample menu are included.