Attention, memory and verbal learning and their relation to schizotypal traits in unaffected parents of schizophrenic patients

The main objective of this ex post facto study is to compare the differencesin cognitive functions and their relation to schizotypal personality traits between agroup of unaffected parents of schizophrenic patients and a control group. A total of 52unaffected biological parents of schizophrenic patients and 52 unaffected parents ofunaffected subjects were assessed in measures of attention (Continuous PerformanceTest- Identical Pairs Version, CPT-IP), memory and verbal learning (California VerbalLearning Test, CVLT) as well as schizotypal personality traits (Oxford-Liverpool Inventoryof Feelings and Experiences, O-LIFE). The parents of the patients with schizophreniadiffer from the parents of the control group in omission errors on the ContinuousPerformance Test- Identical Pairs, on a measure of recall and on two contrast measuresof the California Verbal Learning Test. The associations between neuropsychologicalvariables and schizotpyal traits are of a low magnitude. There is no defined pattern ofthe relationship between cognitive measures and schizotypal traits

A novel pediatric biventricular assist device: in vitro test results.

Most ventricular assist devices (VADs) currently used in infants are extracorporeal. These VADs require long-term anticoagulation therapy and extensive surgery, and two devices are needed for biventricular support. We designed a biventricular assist device based on shape memory alloy that reproduces the hemodynamic effects of cardiomyoplasty, supporting the heart with a compressing movement, and evaluated its performance in a dedicated mockup system. Nitinol fibers are the device's key component. Ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), and generated systolic pressure were measured on a test bench. Our test bench settings were a preload range of 0-15 mm Hg, an afterload range of 0-160 mm Hg, and a heart rate (HR) of 20, 30, 40, and 60 beats/min. A power supply of 15 volts and 3.5 amperes was necessary. The EF range went from 34.4% to 1.2% as the afterload and HR increased, along with a CO from 180 to 6 ml/min. The device generated a maximal systolic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Cardiac compression for biventricular assistance in child-sized heart using shape memory alloy is technically feasible. Further testing remains necessary to assess this VAD's in vivo performance range and its reliability.

Deployment of self-expandable stents in aneurysmatic cerebral vessels: comparison of different computational approaches for interventional planning

In the last few years, there has been a growing focus on faster computational methods to support clinicians in planning stenting procedures. This study investigates the possibility of introducing computational approximations in modelling stent deployment in aneurysmatic cerebral vessels to achieve simulations compatible with the constraints of real clinical workflows. The release of a self-expandable stent in a simplified aneurysmatic vessel was modelled in four different initial positions. Six progressively simplified modelling approaches (based on Finite Element method and Fast Virtual Stenting – FVS) have been used. Comparing accuracy of the results, the final configuration of the stent is more affected by neglecting mechanical properties of materials (FVS) than by adopting 1D instead of 3D stent models. Nevertheless, the differencesshowed are acceptable compared to those achieved by considering different stent initial positions. Regarding computationalcosts, simulations involving 1D stent features are the only ones feasible in clinical context.

Crítical memory of three school debates

As reflection on the education in the Escola Elisava and of the design education in general, the intervention tries to treat the debates that for many years had existed tacitly between the different academic classes, showing the critical situation that it supposes - especially for the fragile design - that one any of these classes influences over the others. From middle of the 90s, the progressive adoption generalized in the higher education of the Anglo-Saxon model ¿with clear predominance of the institutional thing¿ has showed the indicative character of the critique that here is exhibited.

A comparative long-memory Analysis between Spanish, Mexican and U.S. interest rates

Evidence exists that many natural facts are described better as a fractal. Although fractals are very useful for describing nature, it is also appropiate to review the concept of random fractal in finance. Due to the extraordinary importance of Brownian motion in physics, chemistry or biology, we will consider the generalization that supposes fractional Brownian motion introduced by Mandelbrot.The main goal of this work is to analyse the existence of long range dependence in instantaneous forward rates of different financial markets. Concretelly, we perform an empirical analysis on the Spanish, Mexican and U.S. interbanking interest rate. We work with three time series of daily data corresponding to 1 day operations from 28th March 1996 to 21st May 2002. From among all the existing tests on this matter we apply the methodology proposed in Taqqu, Teverovsky and Willinger (1995).

A comparative long-memory Analysis between Spanish, Mexican and U.S. interest rates

Evidence exists that many natural facts are described better as a fractal. Although fractals are very useful for describing nature, it is also appropiate to review the concept of random fractal in finance. Due to the extraordinary importance of Brownian motion in physics, chemistry or biology, we will consider the generalization that supposes fractional Brownian motion introduced by Mandelbrot.The main goal of this work is to analyse the existence of long range dependence in instantaneous forward rates of different financial markets. Concretelly, we perform an empirical analysis on the Spanish, Mexican and U.S. interbanking interest rate. We work with three time series of daily data corresponding to 1 day operations from 28th March 1996 to 21st May 2002. From among all the existing tests on this matter we apply the methodology proposed in Taqqu, Teverovsky and Willinger (1995).

New methods for controlling twin configurations and characterizing twin boundaries in 5M Ni-Mn-Ga for the development of applications

Traditional methods for studying the magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys Ni-Mn-Ga include subjecting the entire sample to a uniform magnetic field or completely actuating the sample mechanically. These methods have produced significant results in characterizing the MSM effect, the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and have pioneered the development of applications from this material. Twin boundaries and their configuration within a Ni-Mn-Ga sample are a key component in the magnetic shape memory effect. Applications that are developed require an understanding of twin boundary characteristics and, more importantly, the ability to predictably control them. Twins have such a critical role that the twinning stress of a Ni-Mn-Ga crystal is the defining characteristic that indicates its quality and significant research has been conducted to minimize this property. This dissertation reports a decrease in the twinning stress, predictably controlling the twin configuration and characterizing the dynamics of twin boundaries. A reduction of the twinning stress is demonstrated by the discovery of Type II twins within Ni-Mn-Ga which have as little as 10% of the twinning stress of traditional Type I twins. Furthermore, new methods of actuating a Ni-Mn-Ga element using localized unidirectional or bidirectional magnetic fields were developed that can predictably control the twin configuration in a localized area of a Ni-Mn-Ga element. This method of controlling the local twin configuration was used in the characterization of twin boundary dynamics. Using a localized magnetic pulse, the velocity and acceleration of a single twin boundary were measured to be 82.5 m/s and 2.9 × 107 m/s2, and the time needed for the twin boundary to nucleate and begin moving was less than 2.8 μs. Using a bidirectional magnetic field from a diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnet, a highly reproducible and controllable local twin configuration was created in a Ni-Mn-Ga element which is the fundamental pumping mechanism in the MSM micropump that has been co-invented and extensively characterized by the author.

Cinéma et sens de la ville : la ville idéelle

C’est principalement par le cinéma que nous connaissons et partageons le réel des villes, même celles dans lesquelles nous vivons. Par le cinéma, nous découvrons plus de villes que nous n’en visiterons jamais. Nous connaissons des villes que nous n'avons jamais vues. Nous apprenons à découvrir des villes que nous connaissons déjà. Nous avons en mémoire des villes qui n'existent pas. Que nous soyons spectateur ou créateur, les villes existent d'abord dans notre imaginaire. Percevoir, représenter et créer sont des actes complémentaires qui mobilisent des fonctions communes. Toute perception est conditionnée par le savoir et la mémoire, elle dépend de la culture. Toute représentation, si elle veut communiquer, doit connaître les mécanismes et les codes mémoriels et culturels du public auquel elle s’adresse. Le cinéma ne fait pas que reproduire, il crée et il a appris à utiliser ces codes et ces mécanismes, notamment pour représenter la ville. L’étude du cinéma peut ouvrir aux urbanistes et aux professionnels de l’aménagement, de nouveaux champs de scientificité sur le plan de la représentation et de la perception comme partage du réel de la ville. La ville et le cinéma doivent alors être vus comme un spectacle dans son acception herméneutique, et de ce spectacle il devient possible d’en faire émerger un paradigme; ou dit autrement, the basic belief system or worldview that guides the investigator, not only in choices of methods but in ontologically and episemologically fundamental ways. (Guba & Lincoln, 1994) Ce paradigme, que nous proposons de décrire, de modéliser et dont nous montrons les fonctions conceptuelles; nous le désignons comme la Ville idéelle.

Magnetic field induced entropy change and magnetoelasticity in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys

The magnetocaloric effect that originates from the martensitic transition in the ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga shape-memory alloy is studied. We show that this effect is controlled by the magnetostructural coupling at both the martensitic variant and magnetic domain length scales. A large entropy change induced by moderate magnetic fields is obtained for alloys in which the magnetic moment of the two structural phases is not very different. We also show that this entropy change is not associated with the entropy difference between the martensitic and the parent phase arising from the change in the crystallographic structure which has been found to be independent of the magnetic field within this range of fields.

Sexual orientation and spatial memory

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Attention, memory and verbal learning and their relation to schizotypal traits in unaffected parents of schizophrenic patients

The main objective of this ex post facto study is to compare the differences in cognitive functions and their relation to schizotypal personality traits between a group of unaffected parents of schizophrenic patients and a control group. A total of 52 unaffected biological parents of schizophrenic patients and 52 unaffected parents of unaffected subjects were assessed in measures of attention (Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs Version, CPT-IP), memory and verbal learning (California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT) as well as schizotypal personality traits (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences, O-LIFE). The parents of the patients with schizophrenia differ from the parents of the control group in omission errors on the Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs, on a measure of recall and on two contrast measures of the California Verbal Learning Test. The associations between neuropsychological variables and schizotpyal traits are of a low magnitude. There is no defined pattern of the relationship between cognitive measures and schizotypal traits

Effects of memory load on visual search

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Working memory in school-aged children: Exhibition intervals and distracters effects in Memonum computerized test

This study assessed visual working memory through Memonum computerized test in schoolchildren. The effects of three exposure times (1, 4 and 8 seconds) have been evaluated, and the presentation of a distractor on the mnemonic performance in the test Memonum in 72 children from a college in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia, aged between 8 and 11 in grades third, fourth and fifth grade. It has been found significant difference regarding the exposure time in the variables number of hits and successes accumulated, showing a better mnemonic performance in participants who took the test during 8 seconds compared to children who took the test during 1 second; in addition, the presence of a distractor showed a significant difference regarding the strengths and successes accumulated. Such distractor is considered a stimulus generator interference that disrupts the storage capacity of working memory in children. Additionally, a significant difference was found with respect to the use of mental rehearsal strategy, indicating that participants who took the test in 4 and 8 seconds, respectively, assigned higher scores than children who took the test in 1 second. A long exposure time to stimuli during Memonum test increases the holding capacity. Also, the use of a distractor affects the storage capacity and this, at the same time, increases the school progression due to the use of mnemonic strategies that children use to ensure the memory of the numerical series

Contribution from neuropsychology to the study of semantic memory

Semantic memory has been studied from various fields. The first models emerged from cognitive psychology from the hand of the division proposed by Tulving between semantic and episodic memory. Over the past thirty years there have been parallel developments in the fields of psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology and cognitive neuropsychology. The present work is to review the contributions that have emerged within the neuropsychology to the study of semantic memory and to present an updated overview of the points of consensus. First, it is defined the term "semantics" conceptually within the field of neuropsychology. Then, there is a dichotomy that passes through both psychological and neuropsychological models on semantic memory: the existence of modals versus amodal representations. Third, there are  developed the main theoretical models in neuropsychology that emerged in an attempt to explain categoryspecific semantic deficits. Finally, more robust contributions and points that still generate some discussion are reviewed.

Investigación sobre los factores semánticos y estructurales que inciden en el aprendizaje de mapas.

Contrastar dos hipótesis: la de Sadalla (1980) que interpretan los fenómenos de asimetría en función de la saliencia de los lugares. La de Hocyoak y Mah,1982, que los interpretan en base a la densidad. Además se manipula el trazado de calles. Experimento 1: 60 sujetos, alumnos de Psicología y Pedagogía de la Universidad de La Laguna. Experimento 2:64 sujetos tambien de Psicología. Experimento 1: diseño factorial 3x2x2 (condición de aprendizaje x información semántica x tipicidad variable). Se elaboró un mapa de una ciudad fictícia. Reunía dos aspectos : a) un trazado de calles regular y uniforme. b) lugares típicos homogéneamente distribuidos. Experimento 2: diseño factorial 2x2x2x4 (tipo de trazado x distribución de puntos típicos x información semántica x tipicidad), se elaboraron 3 nuevos mapas. Se diferenciaban en: a) trazado de calles, regular-irregular. b) distribución de puntos típicos, dispersos-agrupados. 1) Cuadernillos de estimación de distancia y dirección. 2) Mapas urbanos fictícios. 3) Pruebas de memoria visual: Shape Memory Test, Buiding Memory y Map Memory. 4) Cuadernillos de edificios. 5) Escalas de tipicidad. Estimación de distancia y dirección: calculamos las regresiones de la distancia estimada y el error sobre la distancia real. Los análisis de estimación de distancia y de dirección implicaban el uso de los errores como medidas dependientes mediante ANOVAS; en el experimento 2 se realizaron ANOVAS tomando la distancia o la dirección real como covariable. Análisis de la escala de tipicidad mediante coeficientes de correlación de Pearson, análisis factorial y ANOVAS. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en las tres pruebas de memoria visual se sometieron a un análisis de consistencia interna según el modelo Alfa de Crombach. 1) La presencia de la información semántica produce un efecto robusto sobre los errores de estimación, un aumento de precisión. 2) Las estimaciones entre lugares típicos y no típicos no fueron asimétricas. 3) La densidad si presenta un efecto marcado en las estimaciones. 4) En cuanto al trazado de calles, no hay indicaciones de su influencia en las estimaciones. 5) La valoración de la tipicidad de un lugar es independiente de la estructura urbana y de la situación que ocupe en la ciudad. La investigación ofrece datos sobre la utilización de mapas artificiales como medio de adquisición del conocimiento ambiental. Los dos tipos de aprendizaje, mapas y experiencia directa, generan un proceso de microgénesis y un producto cognitivo bastante análogo.