Context-dependent Combination of Sensor Information in Dempster-Shafer Theory for BDI

There has been much interest in the belief–desire–intention (BDI) agent-based model for developing scalable intelligent systems, e.g. using the AgentSpeak framework. However, reasoning from sensor information in these large-scale systems remains a significant challenge. For example, agents may be faced with information from heterogeneous sources which is uncertain and incomplete, while the sources themselves may be unreliable or conflicting. In order to derive meaningful conclusions, it is important that such information be correctly modelled and combined. In this paper, we choose to model uncertain sensor information in Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory. Unfortunately, as in other uncertainty theories, simple combination strategies in DS theory are often too restrictive (losing valuable information) or too permissive (resulting in ignorance). For this reason, we investigate how a context-dependent strategy originally defined for possibility theory can be adapted to DS theory. In particular, we use the notion of largely partially maximal consistent subsets (LPMCSes) to characterise the context for when to use Dempster’s original rule of combination and for when to resort to an alternative. To guide this process, we identify existing measures of similarity and conflict for finding LPMCSes along with quality of information heuristics to ensure that LPMCSes are formed around high-quality information. We then propose an intelligent sensor model for integrating this information into the AgentSpeak framework which is responsible for applying evidence propagation to construct compatible information, for performing context-dependent combination and for deriving beliefs for revising an agent’s belief base. Finally, we present a power grid scenario inspired by a real-world case study to demonstrate our work.

"Things I did not know”: Retrospectives on a Canadian rural male youth suicide using an instrumental photo voice case study

In Canada, it is young rural based men who are at the greatest risk for suicide. While there is no consensus on the reasons for this, evidence points to contextual social factors including isolation, lack of confidential services and pressure to uphold restrictive norms of rural masculinity. In this article we share findings drawn from an instrumental photo voice case study to distil factors contributing to the suicide of a young Canadian rural based man. Integrating photo voice methods and in-depth qualitative we conducted interviews with 7 family members and close friends of the deceased. The interviews and image data were analyzed using constant comparative methods to discern themes related to participants’ reflections on and perceptions about rural male suicide. Three inductively derived themes, “Missing the signs”, “Living up to his public image” and “Down in Rural Canada ” reflect the challenges that survivors and young rural men can experience in attempting to be comply with restrictive dominant ideals of masculinity. We conclude that community based suicide prevention efforts would benefit from gender-sensitive and place specific approaches to advancing men’s mental health by making tangibly available and affirming an array of masculinities to foster the well-being of young rural based men.

Improving E-Assessment Systems With A focus On Adaptive Feedback And Marking

Institutions involved in the provision of tertiary education across Europe are feeling the pinch. European universities, and other higher education (HE) institutions, must operate in a climate where the pressure of government spending cuts (Garben, 2012) is in stark juxtaposition to the EU’s strategy to drive forward and maintain a growth of student numbers in the sector (eurostat, 2015).

In order to remain competitive, universities and HE institutions are making ever-greater use of electronic assessment (E-Assessment) systems (Chatzigavriil et all, 2015; Ferrell, 2012). These systems are attractive primarily because they offer a cost-effect and scalable approach for assessment. In addition to scalability, they also offer reliability, consistency and impartiality; furthermore, from the perspective of a student they are most popular because they can offer instant feedback (Walet, 2012).

There are disadvantages, though.

First, feedback is often returned to a student immediately on competition of their assessment. While it is possible to disable the instant feedback option (this is often the case during an end of semester exam period when assessment scores must be can be ratified before release), however, this option tends to be a global ‘all on’ or ‘all off’ configuration option which is controlled centrally rather than configurable on a per-assessment basis.

If a formative in-term assessment is to be taken by multiple groups of
students, each at different times, this restriction means that answers to each question will be disclosed to the first group of students undertaking the assessment. As soon as the answers are released “into the wild” the academic integrity of the assessment is lost for subsequent student groups.

Second, the style of feedback provided to a student for each question is often limited to a simple ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ indicator. While this type of feedback has its place, it often does not provide a student with enough insight to improve their understanding of a topic that they did not answer correctly.

Most E-Assessment systems boast a wide range of question types including Multiple Choice, Multiple Response, Free Text Entry/Text Matching and Numerical questions. The design of these types of questions is often quite restrictive and formulaic, which has a knock-on effect on the quality of feedback that can be provided in each case.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are most prevalent as they are the most prescriptive and therefore most the straightforward to mark consistently. They are also the most amenable question types, which allow easy provision of meaningful, relevant feedback to each possible outcome chosen.
Text matching questions tend to be more problematic due to their free text entry nature. Common misspellings or case-sensitivity errors can often be accounted for by the software but they are by no means fool proof, as it is very difficult to predict in advance the range of possible variations on an answer that would be considered worthy of marks by a manual marker of a paper based equivalent of the same question.

Numerical questions are similarly restricted. An answer can be checked for accuracy or whether it is within a certain range of the correct answer, but unless it is a special purpose-built mathematical E-Assessment system the system is unlikely to have computational capability and so cannot, for example, account for “method marks” which are commonly awarded in paper-based marking.

From a pedagogical perspective, the importance of providing useful formative feedback to students at a point in their learning when they can benefit from the feedback and put it to use must not be understated (Grieve et all, 2015; Ferrell, 2012).

In this work, we propose a number of software-based solutions, which will overcome the limitations and inflexibilities of existing E-Assessment systems.

Endomyocardial fibrosis:the first report from Malawi

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a restrictive cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology previously unreported in Malawi. Six Malawian children (three males) aged between 12 and 16 years who presented with EMF in 2009/10 are described. Five were from the Southern Highlands.

Lattice-based Encryption Over Standard Lattices in Hardware

Lattice-based cryptography has gained credence recently as a replacement for current public-key cryptosystems, due to its quantum-resilience, versatility, and relatively low key sizes. To date, encryption based on the learning with errors (LWE) problem has only been investigated from an ideal lattice standpoint, due to its computation and size efficiencies. However, a thorough investigation of standard lattices in practice has yet to be considered. Standard lattices may be preferred to ideal lattices due to their stronger security assumptions and less restrictive parameter selection process. In this paper, an area-optimised hardware architecture of a standard lattice-based cryptographic scheme is proposed. The design is implemented on a FPGA and it is found that both encryption and decryption fit comfortably on a Spartan-6 FPGA. This is the first hardware architecture for standard lattice-based cryptography reported in the literature to date, and thus is a benchmark for future implementations.
Additionally, a revised discrete Gaussian sampler is proposed which is the fastest of its type to date, and also is the first to investigate the cost savings of implementing with lamda_2-bits of precision. Performance results are promising in comparison to the hardware designs of the equivalent ring-LWE scheme, which in addition to providing a stronger security proof; generate 1272 encryptions per second and 4395 decryptions per second.

Novel DGT method with tri-metal oxide adsorbent for in situ spatiotemporal flux measurement of fluoride in waters and sediments

Natural mineral-water interface reactions drive ecosystem/global fluoride (F−) cycling. These small-scale processes prove challenging to monitoring due to mobilization being highly localized and variable; influenced by changing climate, hydrology, dissolution chemistries and pedogenosis. These release events could be captured in situ by the passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), providing a cost-effective and time-integrated measurement of F− mobilization. However, attempts to develop the method for F− have been unsuccessful due to the very restrictive operational ranges that most F−-absorbents function within. A new hybrid-DGT technique for F− quantification containing a three-phase fine particle composite (Fesingle bondAlsingle bondCe, FAC) adsorbent was developed and evaluated. Sampler response was validated in laboratory and field deployments, passing solution chemistry QC within ionic strength and pH ranges of 0–200 mmol L−1 and 4.3–9.1, respectively, and exhibiting high sorption capacities (98 ± 8 μg cm−2). FAC-DGT measurements adequately predicted up to weeklong averaged in situ F− fluvial fluxes in a freshwater river and F− concentrations in a wastewater treatment flume determined by high frequency active sampling. While, millimetre-scale diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water interface were modeled for three contrasting lake bed sediments from a F−-enriched lake using the new FAC-DGT platform.

Genotoxic risk of herbicides to Anguilla anguilla L.

No contexto dos contaminantes aquáticos, os herbicidas são considerados como um dos grupos mais perigosos. Uma vez aplicados, estes são facilmente transportados para cursos de água, quer devido a uma pulverização pouco cuidada ou devido a fenómenos de escorrência superficial e/ou subterrânea. A presença destes agroquímicos no ambiente tem vindo a ser associada a efeitos nefastos em organismos não-alvo, como é o caso dos peixes. Contudo, existe ainda uma grande lacuna no que diz respeito à informação científica relacionada com o seu impacto genotóxico. Deste modo, a presente tese foi delineada com o intuito de avaliar o risco genotóxico em peixes de duas formulações de herbicidas: o Roundup®, que tem como princípio activo o glifosato, e o Garlon®, que apresenta o triclopir na base da sua constituição, produtos estes largamente utilizados na limpeza de campos agrícolas, assim como em florestas. Foi ainda planeado desenvolver uma base de conhecimento no que diz respeito aos mecanismos de dano do ADN. Como último objectivo, pretendeu-se contribuir para a mitigação dos efeitos dos agroquímicos no biota aquático, nomeadamente em peixes, fornecendo dados científicos no sentido de melhorar as práticas agrícolas e florestais. Este estudo foi realizado adoptando a enguia europeia (Anguilla anguilla L.) como organismo-teste, e submetendo-a a exposições de curta duração (1 e 3 dias) dos produtos comerciais mencionados, em concentrações consideradas ambientalmente realistas. Para a avaliação da genotoxicidade foram aplicadas duas metodologias: o ensaio do cometa e o teste das anomalias nucleares eritrocíticas (ANE). Enquanto o ensaio do cometa detecta quebras na cadeia do ADN, um dano passível de ser reparado, o aparecimento das ANE revela lesões cromossomais, sinalizando um tipo de dano de difícil reparação. O ensaio do cometa foi ainda melhorado com uma nova etapa que incluiu a incubação com enzimas de reparação (FPG e EndoIII), permitindo perceber a ocorrência de dano oxidativo no ADN. No que diz respeito ao Roundup®, o envolvimento do sistema antioxidante como indicador de um estado próoxidante foi também alvo de estudo. Uma vez que as referidas formulações se apresentam sob a forma de misturas, o potencial genotóxico dos seus princípios activos foi também avaliado individualmente. No caso particular do Roundup®, também foram estudados o seu surfactante (amina polietoxilada; POEA) e o principal metabolito ambiental (ácido aminometilfosfórico; AMPA). Os resultados obtidos mostraram a capacidade do Roundup® em induzir tanto dano no ADN (em células de sangue, guelras e fígado) como dano cromossómico (em células de sangue). A investigação sobre o possível envolvimento do stresse oxidativo demonstrou que o tipo de dano no ADN varia com as concentrações testadas e com a duração da exposição. Deste modo, com o aumento do tempo de exposição, os processos relacionados com o envolvimento de espécies reactivas de oxigénio (ERO) ganharam preponderância como mecanismo de dano no ADN, facto que é corroborado pela activação do sistema antioxidante observado nas guelras, assim como pelo aumento dos sítios sensíveis a FPG em hepatócitos. O glifosato e o POEA foram também considerados genotóxicos. O POEA mostrou induzir uma maior extensão de dano no ADN, tanto comparado com o glifosato como com a mistura comercial. Apesar de ambos os componentes contribuirem para a genotoxicidade da formulação, a soma dos seus efeitos individuais nunca foi observada, apontando para um antagonismo entre eles e indicando que o POEA não aumenta o risco associado ao princípio activo. Deste modo, realça-se a necessidade de regulamentar limiares de segurança para todos os componentes da formulação, recomendando, em particular, a revisão da classificação do risco do POEA (actualmente classificado com “inerte”). Uma vez confirmada a capacidade do principal metabolito do glifosato – AMPA – em exercer dano no ADN assim como dano cromossómico, os produtos da degradação ambiental dos princípios activos assumem-se como um problema silencioso, realçando assim a importância de incluir o AMPA na avaliação do risco relacionado com herbicidas com base no glifosato. A formulação Garlon® e o seu princípio activo triclopir mostraram um claro potencial genotóxico. Adicionalmente, o Garlon® mostrou possuir um potencial genotóxico mais elevado do que o seu princípio activo. No entanto, a capacidade de infligir dano oxidativo no ADN não foi demonstrada para nenhum dos agentes. No que concerne à avaliação da progressão do dano após a remoção da fonte de contaminação, nem os peixes expostos a Roundup® nem os expostos a Garlon® conseguiram restaurar completamente a integridade do seu ADN ao fim de 14 dias. No que concerne ao Roundup®, o uso de enzimas de reparação de lesões específicas do ADN associado ao teste do cometa permitiu detectar um aparecimento tardio de dano oxidativo, indicando deste modo um decaimento progressivo da protecção antioxidante e ainda uma incapacidade de reparar este tipo de dano. O período de pós-exposição correspondente ao Garlon® revelou uma tendência de diminuição dos níveis de dano, apesar de nunca se observar uma completa recuperação. Ainda assim, foi evidente uma intervenção eficiente das enzimas de reparação do ADN, mais concretamente as direccionadas às purinas oxidadas. A avaliação das metodologias adoptadas tornou evidente que o procedimento base do ensaio do cometa, que detecta apenas o dano nãoespecífico no ADN, possui algumas limitações quando comparado com a metodologia que incluiu a incubação com as enzimas de reparação, uma vez que a última mostrou reduzir a possibilidade de ocorrência de resultados falsos negativos. Os dois parâmetros adoptados (ensaio do cometa e teste das ANE) demonstraram possuir aptidões complementares, sendo assim recomendado a sua utilização conjunta com vista a efectuar uma avaliação mais adequada do risco genotóxico. Globalmente, os resultados obtidos forneceram indicações de grande utilidade para as entidades reguladoras, contribuindo ainda para a (re)formulação de medidas de conservação do ambiente aquático. Neste sentido, os dados obtidos apontam para a importância da avaliação de risco dos herbicidas incluir testes de genotoxicidade. A magnitude de risco detectada para ambas as formulações adverte para a necessidade de adopção de medidas restritivas em relação à sua aplicação na proximidade de cursos de água. Como medidas mitigadoras de impactos ambientais, aponta-se o desenvolvimento de formulações que incorporem adjuvantes selecionados com base na sua baixa toxicidade.

Potential of fisheries restocking off the Algarve coast using aquaculture produced marine fish

Tese de dout., Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente (Ecologia Marinha), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2012

Demographic, Physical, and Behavioral Characteristics Associated with TV Parenting Practices Among Latino Parents of Preschool Children

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2015

Is multidimensional scaling suitable for mapping the input respiratory impedance in subjects and patients?

This paper presents the application of multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis to data emerging from noninvasive lung function tests, namely the input respiratory impedance. The aim is to obtain a geometrical mapping of the diseases in a 3D space representation, allowing analysis of (dis)similarities between subjects within the same pathology groups, as well as between the various groups. The adult patient groups investigated were healthy, diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diagnosed kyphoscoliosis, respectively. The children patient groups were healthy, asthma and cystic fibrosis. The results suggest that MDS can be successfully employed for mapping purposes of restrictive (kyphoscoliosis) and obstructive (COPD) pathologies. Hence, MDS tools can be further examined to define clear limits between pools of patients for clinical classification, and used as a training aid for medical traineeship.

Phenylketonuria: Protein content and amino acids profile of dishes for phenylketonuric patients. The relevance of phenylalanine

Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism, involving, in most cases, a deficient activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Neonatal diagnosis and a prompt special diet (low phenylalanine and natural-protein restricted diets) are essential to the treatment. The lack of data concerning phenylalanine contents of processed foodstuffs is an additional limitation for an already very restrictive diet. Our goals were to quantify protein (Kjeldahl method) and amino acid (18) content (HPLC/fluorescence) in 16 dishes specifically conceived for phenylketonuric patients, and compare the most relevant results with those of several international food composition databases. As might be expected, all the meals contained low protein levels (0.67–3.15 g/100 g) with the highest ones occurring in boiled rice and potatoes. These foods also contained the highest amounts of phenylalanine (158.51 and 62.65 mg/100 g, respectively). In contrast to the other amino acids, it was possible to predict phenylalanine content based on protein alone. Slight deviations were observed when comparing results with the different food composition databases.

Estudo, dimensionamento, cálculo e desenho de projetos de engenharia no ramo das estruturas

O estágio formal serve de apoio à transição da vida académica para a vida profissional e permite complementar os conhecimentos adquiridos no instituto politécnico e respetiva aplicação prática. Sistematizando, o objetivo do estágio passa pela assimilação da realidade do exercício da profissão, admitindo a existência de condicionantes que obrigam a um conjunto de ações restritivas e optimizadoras, com a finalidade de atingir um nível de concretização com qualidade, tendo em conta aspetos técnicos, económicos, legais, éticos, ambientais e de segurança, respeitando a sociedade e respetivos valores na qual nos inserimos.

Of Structural Denial: A Narratological Study of the Structural Disintegration of the Novel Form

If an opening to the argument of this dissertation is of imperative necessity, one might tentatively begin with Herbert Quain, born in Roscommon, Ireland, author of the novels The God of the Labyrinth (1933) and April March (1936), the short-story collection Statements (1939), and the play The Secret Mirror (undated). To a certain extent, this idiosyncratic Irish author, who hailed from the ancient province of Connacht, may be regarded as a forerunner of the type of novels which will be considered in this dissertation. Quain was, after all, the unconscious creator of one of the first structurally disintegrated novels in the history of western literature, April March. His first novel, The God of the Labyrinth, also exhibits elements which are characteristic of structurally disintegrated fiction, for it provides the reader with two possible solutions to a mysterious crime. As a matter of fact, one might suggest that Quain’s debut novel offers the reader the possibility to ignore the solution to the crime and carry on living his or her readerly life, turning a blind eye to the novel itself. It may hence be argued that Quain’s first novel is in fact a compound of three different novels. It is self-evident that the structure of Quain’s oeuvre is of an experimental nature, combining geometrical precision with authorial innovation, and one finds in it a higher consideration for formal defiance than for the text itself. In other words, the means of expression are the concern of the author and not, interestingly, the textual content. April March, for example, is a novel which regresses back into itself, its first chapter focussing on an evening which is preceded by three possible evenings which, in turn, are each preceded by three other, dissimilar, possible evenings. It is a novel of backward-movement, and it is due to this process of branching regression that April March contains within itself at least nine possible novels. Structure, therefore, paradoxically controls the text, for it allows the text to expand or contract under its formal limitations. In other words, the formal aspects of the novel, usually associated with the restrictive device of a superior design, contribute to a liberation of the novel’s discourse. It is paradoxical only in the sense that the idea of structure necessarily entails the fixation of a narrative skeleton that determines how plot and discourse interact, something which Quain flouts for the purposes of innovation. In this sense, April March’s convoluted structure allows for multiple readings and interpretations of the same text, consciously germinating narratives within itself, producing different texts from a single, unique source. Thus, text and means of expression are bonded by a structural design that, rather than limiting, liberates the text of the novel.

Aplicação das medidas de coacção às pessoas colectivas

1. Legal system of coercive measures and applicability to legal persons: the criminal liability of legal persons, application requirements, fundamental principles; 2. Inapplicability of personal freedom coercive measures to legal persons; 3. Application in the specific case of legal persons: term of identity and residence; provision of security, the obligation of periodic presentation, suspension of exercise of functions, activities and rights, conducts prohibitions and obligations; 4. Break of coercive measure imposed on the legal person.

O princípio da confidencialidade na mediação em matéria civil e comercial

The purpose of the following study is to analyze the relevance of the principle of confidentiality concerning mediation on civil and commercial matters developed in Portugal. We will, essentially, try to determine just how pivotal is this principle and how it affects the effectiveness of that method of alternative dispute resolution. We believe it is fundamental to understand the true extent of this principle and its goals, emphasizing the protection given to those who decide to resort to mediation and its impact on this process. For this dissertation, we have based our analysis on the interpretation of the set rules assembled by Law nr 29/2013, April 19th, while combining it with data gathered from other laws and regulations that had also addressed mediation. Furthermore, given the fact that this subject has been regulated by Directive 2008/52/EC, we deem pertinent to include references to other European mediation regulations, namely from Germany, Spain and France. With this study, we have established that, even though the Portuguese mediation law is based on a European Directive, we have determined a more restrictive regulation for the principle of confidentiality. We have concluded that the rules regarding this principle try to preserve, above all, the trust and honesty established during the course of the mediation, while restricting the possibility of using the information disclosed during these sessions on other cases. Additionally, we believe confidentiality is such a distinctive and relevant feature that its legal framework leads us to deem it as a true obstacle to the parties’ private autonomy and their power to determine how the mediation should be carried out.