862 resultados para Urban Cultural Policy


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Esta pesquisa tem como base da ideia de que a música popular brasileira, desde a proclamação da república, sempre foi um importante instrumento da diplomacia cultural do país. Nesse sentido, tentamos demonstrar as maneiras pelas quais o governo brasileiro tentou difundir externamente essa expressão cultural, as motivações que permearam essas iniciativas e os seus resultados. Por outro lado, tentamos, também, analisar os processos que levaram a formação, desenvolvimento e consolidação da indústria da internacional da música, como forma de entender os constrangimento e desafios impostos a tal política cultural externa brasileira. Nessa pesquisa, foi dada, ainda, um especial destaque aos governos de Lula da Silva, um período identificado como decisivo nos rumos da política cultural do país, em função de sua ampliação ao estímulo da produção e da difusão, interna e externa, da música brasileira. A mudança se deu na ampliação das ações culturais do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, mas, principalmente, do inédito protagonismo do Ministério da Cultura junto ao Itamaraty. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral desta dissertação é analisar até que ponto a música brasileira tem uma capacidade real de se internacionalizar e, dessa forma - dentro das discussões atuais acerca do papel que a economia da cultura teria para o desenvolvimento nacional -, se converter num vetor do desenvolvimento brasileiro e da ampliação da influência do país no sistema internacional.

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辽宁中部城市群是我国城镇最密集的地区之一,经过几十年快速的城市发展和工业建设,造成了严重环境污染和生态破坏,区域的景观发生了巨大的变化。本文研究辽宁中部城市群城市空间增长和景观动态,为辽宁中部城市群的科学规划和管理提供决策支持,对辽宁省生态环境与社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的意义。 本文利用3S技术、转移矩阵和景观格局指数方法对辽宁中部城市群1988-- 2004 年的城市增长和景观变化进行了综合分析,采用历史数据对城市增长和景观变化模型SLEUTH进行校正,并对历史时期的城市增长和景观变化进行模拟重建;利用ROC曲线统计、Kappa指数系列和景观格局指数对SLEUTH的模拟结果进行精度评价;在五种不同的预案下对辽宁中部城市群未来(2005-2045年)城市增长和景观动态进行模拟预测。本文得到如下结论: 1. 1988-2004年间,辽宁中部城市群的城市面积持续增长,扩展强度不断增强,1997-2000年的城市扩展强度最大,增长速度最快。城市空间格局的变化表现出阶段性的特征,1988-1997年城市面积的增长速度较慢,结构紧凑,以边缘增长和填充增长为主;1997-2004年城市面积增长较快,城市向外蔓延,城市斑块形状变得复杂,以开发区的飞地式增长和扩散增长为主。 2. 1997-2004年间,辽宁中部城市群的景观变化明显,农村居民点的面积增长最大,其次为城市;林草地的面积减少最大,其次为耕地。各景观类型中城市的增长速度最快,林草地减少的速度最快。辽宁中部城市群的城市增长和景观变化主要集中在中部的城镇密集带。城镇密集带将是未来城市群规划和管理的关键区域。辽宁中部城市群景观格局受人类活动影响增强,景观破碎化程度加大。景观中林草地和耕地的优势地位有所减弱,破碎化程度增加,斑块形状日益复杂;在城镇密集带内,耕地面积流失较大,耕地占景观面积比例减少较快,破碎化程度较大。随着城市化进程的加快和人类活动的增强,辽宁中部城市群表现出复杂的格局变化特征。 3. 1988-2004年,辽宁中部城市群城市增长的主要驱动力是社会经济发展和政策因素,其中人口和经济的高速增长、国家及区域政策导致的城市开发、生 态环境保护政策、城市规划和基础设施建设等因素是城市群城市空间快速增长的主要因素。辽宁中部城市群的景观变化受到自然和人类两大类驱动因素的共同作用。气候、水文、矿产资源等自然驱动力对城市群景观变化的影响也较大。人口增长、城市和村镇聚落增长、农业开发、经济发展、政治政策和工业化等主要的人类驱动力对辽宁中部城市群景观变化影响较大。 4. 利用ROC 曲线统计、Kappa 指数系列和景观格局指数从城市增长总体预测能力、增长数量和空间格局上对SLEUTH 模型的城市增长模拟结果进行精度评估;利用Kappa 指数系列和景观格局指数对SLEUTH的景观变化预测结果进行评价。总体上讲,SLEUTH模型对辽宁中部城市群城市增长和景观动态模拟预测具有良好的可信精度,较好地模拟了1988-2004年的城市增长和1997-2004年城市群的景观动态。 5. SLEUTH 模型效力的主要影响因素包括模型结构、城市发展特征、模型应用的时空尺度和模型输入数据的获取与误差传递等。通过修改模型参数设置、开展模型敏感性与不确定性分析等可以提高SLEUTH 模型的模拟效力,并提出城市分类标准对SLEUTH准确性的影响,通过对部分研究区的检验研究,证明城市分类标准对SLEUTH模型的校正和模拟预测结果影响较大。 6. 基于SLEUTH模型,从城市群城市空间增长、景观要素和社会经济政策等方面设计了五种城市群发展和景观变化预案,即历史趋势预案(Historical Trend, HT),区域开发政策和城市规划预案(Regional development policy and Urban planning policy, RU),生态可持续发展预案(Ecological Sustainable development,ES),两个密集增长预案(Compact Growth,CG1和CG2)等。通过预案分析,考察不同的条件下未来城市群城市空间增长和景观动态特征,研究认为密集的城市增长预案是未来辽宁中部城市群发展的较好预案,为辽宁中部城市群的规划、管理和可持续发展提供决策支持。

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Wydział Nauk Społecznych: Instytut Kulturoznawstwa

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Cette recherche consiste en un examen du rôle du festival dans une communauté linguistique en contexte minoritaire confrontée à des enjeux spécifiques tels que l’assimilation, l’exogamie, la diglossie, l’inégal accès aux services dans sa langue, de même que l’accès limité aux produits culturels de son groupe linguistique. Le cas des festivals francophones en milieu minoritaire sert à interroger concrètement et empiriquement les possibilités, les conditions, les limites et les contraintes de cette forme particulière d’événement en tant que vecteur de la vitalité culturelle d’une communauté minoritaire. Le festival est aussi exploré en lien aux grandes finalités de développement culturel et de démocratie culturelle, soit des mécanismes culturels à la source des politiques culturelles modernes, ainsi qu’en lien à son rôle aux niveaux de l’affirmation et de la consolidation identitaires. Une étude de cas multiples a été menée afin de comparer et d’analyser trois festivals francophones en milieu minoritaire ontarien qui sont mis sur pied dans différentes régions, et ont des objectifs à la fois similaires et différenciés : 1) La Nuit sur l’étang (Sudbury) ; 2) le Festival franco-ontarien (Ottawa) ; et 3) le Festival du Loup (Lafontaine-Penetanguishene). En focalisant sur chaque cas étudié, nous sommes en mesure de donner une vue d’ensemble du phénomène « festival » dans un tel contexte. Cette recherche présente, par le biais de sources documentaires, d’observations sur le terrain et d’entretiens auprès des organisateurs, des festivaliers et des artistes de ces événements, les perceptions qu’en ont et l’utilisation qu’en font ces différentes catégories d’acteurs impliqués. Elle fait plus précisément état de la contribution du festival au niveau des mécanismes culturels proposés ci-dessus. En outre, elle permet de déterminer si les acteurs directement impliqués dans ce type d’événement le perçoivent comme un enjeu important pour la francité. Bref, l’ensemble des contributions qu’apportent les festivals francophones en Ontario montrent en quoi ces événements agissent comme des vecteurs de la vitalité culturelle d’une communauté minoritaire.

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The regional population growth in West Africa, and especially its urban centers, will bring about new and critical challenges for urban development policy, especially in terms of ensuring food security and providing employment for the growing population. (Peri-) urban livestock and vegetable production systems, which can contribute significantly to these endeavours, are limited by various constraints, amongst them limited access to expensive production factors and their (in)efficient use. To achieve sustainable production systems with low consumer health risks, that can meet the urban increased demand, this doctoral thesis determined nutrient use efficiencies in representative (peri-) urban livestock production systems in three West African cities, and investigated potential health risks for consumers ensuing from there. The field study, which was conducted during July 2007 to December 2009, undertook a comparative analysis of (peri-) urban livestock production strategies across 210 livestock keeping households (HH) in the three West African cities of Kano/Nigeria (84 HH), Bobo Dioulasso/Burkina Faso (63 HH) and Sikasso/Mali (63 HH). These livestock enterprises were belonging to the following three farm types: commercial gardening plus field crops and livestock (cGCL; 88 HH), commercial livestock plus subsistence field cropping (cLsC; 109 HH) and commercial gardening plus semi-commercial livestock (cGscL; 13 HH) which had been classified in a preceding study; they represented the diversity of (peri-) urban livestock production systems in West Africa. In the study on the efficiency of ruminant livestock production, lactating cowsand sheep herd units were differentiated based on whether feed supplements were offered to the animals at the homestead (Go: grazing only; Gsf: mainly grazing plus some supplement feeding). Inflows and outflows of nutrients were quantified in these herds during 18 months, and the effects of seasonal variations in nutrient availability on animals’ productivity and reproductive performance was determined in Sikasso. To assess the safety of animal products and vegetables, contamination sources of irrigated lettuce and milk with microbiological contaminants, and of tomato and cabbage with pesticide residues in (peri-) urban agriculture systems of Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso were characterized at three occasions in 2009. Samples of irrigation water, organic fertilizer and ix lettuce were collected in 6 gardens, and samples of cabbage and tomato in 12 gardens; raw and curdled milk were sampled in 6 dairy herds. Information on health risks for consumers of such foodstuffs was obtained from 11 health centers in Sikasso. In (peri-) urban livestock production systems, sheep and goats dominated (P<0.001) in Kano compared to Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso, while cattle and poultry were more frequent (P<0.001) in Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso than in Kano. Across cities, ruminant feeding relied on grazing and homestead supplementation with fresh grasses, crop residues, cereal brans and cotton seed cake; cereal grains and brans were the major ingredients of poultry feeds. There was little association of gardens and livestock; likewise field cropping and livestock were rarely integrated. No relation existed between the education of the HH head and the adoption of improved management practices (P>0.05), but the proportion of HH heads with a long-term experience in (peri-) urban agriculture was higher in Kano and in Bobo Dioulasso than in Sikasso (P<0.001). Cattle and sheep fetched highest market prices in Kano; unit prices for goats and chicken were highest in Sikasso. Animal inflow, outflow and dairy herd growth rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Gsf than in the Go cattle herds. Maize bran and cottonseed expeller were the main feeds offered to Gsf cows as dry-season supplement, while Gsf sheep received maize bran, fresh grasses and cowpea pods. The short periodic transhumance of Go dairy cows help them maintaining their live weight, whereas Gsf cows lost weight during the dry season despite supplement feeding at a rate of 1506 g dry matter per cow and day, resulting in low productivity and reproductive performance. The daily live weight gains of calves and lambs, respectively, were low and not significantly different between the Go and the Gsf system. However, the average live weight gains of lambs were significantly higher in the dry season (P<0.05) than in the rainy season because of the high pressure of gastrointestinal parasites and of Trypanosoma sp. In consequence, 47% of the sheep leaving the Go and Gsf herds died due to diseases during the study period. Thermo-tolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli contamination levels of irrigation water significantly exceeded WHO recommendations for the unrestricted irrigation of vegetables consumed raw. Microbial contamination levels of lettuce at the farm gate and the market place in Bobo Dioulasso and at the farm gate in Sikasso were higher than at the market place in Sikasso (P<0.05). Pesticide residues were detected in only one cabbage and one tomato sample and were below the maximum residue limit for consumption. Counts of thermo-tolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli were higher in curdled than in raw milk (P<0.05). From 2006 to x 2009, cases of diarrhea/vomiting and typhoid fever had increased by 11% and 48%, respectively, in Sikasso. For ensuring economically successful and ecologically viable (peri-) urban livestock husbandry and food safety of (peri-) urban foodstuffs of animal and plant origin, the dissemination and adoption of improved feeding practices, livestock healthcare and dung management are key. In addition, measures fostering the safety of animal products and vegetables including the appropriate use of wastewater in (peri-) urban agriculture, restriction to approve vegetable pesticides and the respect of their latency periods, and passing and enforcement of safety laws is required. Finally, the incorporation of environmentally sound (peri-) urban agriculture in urban planning by policy makers, public and private extension agencies and the urban farmers themselves is of utmost importance. To enable an efficient (peri-) urban livestock production in the future, research should concentrate on cost-effective feeding systems that allow meeting the animals’ requirement for production and reproduction. Thereby focus should be laid on the use of crop-residues and leguminous forages. The improvement of the milk production potential through crossbreeding of local cattle breeds with exotic breeds known for their high milk yield might be an accompanying option, but it needs careful supervision to prevent the loss of the local trypanotolerant purebreds.

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Es un estudio descriptivo/exploratorio de dos Casas de la Cultura en Bogotá (Tunjuelito/Usaquén), basado en la revisión de documentos y recolección de datos a través de herramientas cualitativas, con aspectos cuantitativos en la presentación de datos por medio de cuadros de comparación. Presenta resultados de las siguientes categorías: grupos de interés, aspectos administrativos y productos.

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El interés de esta investigación es el de analizar las relaciones que se dan entre un centro comercial y el barrio en el que se implanta, con un énfasis socioeconómico, en Bogotá. Se explica el fenómeno de expansión de centros comerciales en la ciudad, la importancia estratégica del caso de estudio, ubicado en el sur de Bogotá y las transformaciones causadas por su implantación, en un contexto particular marcado por lo que significa el sur de Bogotá. El estudio encuentra que a través de un centro comercial de gran dimensión, como lo es Centro Mayor, han cambiado las relaciones del barrio con sus vecinos, así como sus actividades cotidianas, su relación con la ciudad y con los límites que alguna vez se había impuesto al barrio. Lo anterior, en medio de una constante reflexión sobre el papel de los centros comerciales en las ciudades y el debate que debe haber sobre el modelo que se implanta con un expansión.

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This article contributes to the study of cinema audiences in Europe by analyzing the actual behavior of Spanish moviegoers and their level of satisfaction. We modeled moviegoers’ choice of film by country of origin (U.S.A., Spain, and other countries) according to a set of determinants: (1) consumers’ interpretation of several sources of information, (2) motivations and (3) choice rules. We found three clear consumer stereotypes related to each type of film: (1) U.S.A. films were preferred by almost everyone (especially families and younger audiences); (2) Spanish films had audiences composed of middle-age and middle-class moviegoers; and (3) European productions were preferred by a social or intellectual elite. U.S.A. films dominate the Spanish market for the reason that they provide most of what moviegoers prefer, namely, familiar, reliable entertainment in Spanish; three characteristics that are not satisfied by Spanish and European films. Additionally, we discuss the implications for the European cultural policy

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El presente trabajo tiene como punto de partida la convicción que es necesario explorar nuevos marcos teóricos y metodológicos para la producción de conocimiento sobre las múltiples relaciones de la cultura con el desarrollo. Para tal efecto revisa la naturaleza polisémica del concepto cultura, su tratamiento por las ciencias sociales y la economía y su concepción actual como explicación última de toda actividad humana. Subraya la necesidad de generar un conocimiento propio del campo cultural que adopte renovadas concepciones y bases epistemológicas provenientes de las artes y las humanidades que privilegian lo intuitivo, lo individual frente a lo colectivo. La revisión de fuentes provenientes de la filosofía permite una lectura y un enfoque reformado de la naturaleza de la cultura que cuestiona la clásica concepción antropológica que reduce lo religioso a una expresión cultural. Los argumentos presentados exponen que en toda forma cultural está implícita una particular cosmovisión, una visión de la vida; una valoración del mundo que se conecta con el significado último de la existencia humana que es de naturaleza religiosa. Todas las comunidades culturales tienen en su haber una serie de prácticas, tradiciones, usos, costumbres, expresiones creativas que dan cuenta de una identidad particular y que son registradas a través de mapeos culturales y sistemas de información. El texto hace referencias a políticas y programas culturales sobre cultura y desarrollo en la región centroamericana

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Resum dels debats i conclusions de la Conferència Intergovernamental sobre polítiques culturals a l' Àfrica, AFRICACULT (Accra, del 27 d' octubre al 6 de novembre de 1975), organitzada per la UNESCO en cooperació amb el govern de Ghana i l' Organizació per a la Unitat Africana

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A memória tem sido vinculada à lembrança de um passado original, no entanto, ela pode ser compreendida a partir da reconstrução contínua de significados simbólicos atribuídos a objetos desvinculados de seu contexto de origem. Neste processo de reconstrução, indivíduos, grupos sociais ou mesmo nações disputam significados e procuram generalizá-los. Este artigo investiga o processo de construção da memória nos primeiros museus criados no Brasil, ressaltando a relação entre eles e discursos científicos e nacionalistas.

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In the present text we intend to analyse 5 basic documents that translate the Museological Thinking in our century and that, chiefly, have led professionals of the area to apply this “science” in a less hermetic way and to understand its practice. The option to study and analyse the documents results from the fact that they influence present day museological practice and thinking. It is impossible to speak of museology nowadays without referring to one of these documents, not to mention a few nations that have even modified and/or created specific laws for the management of their preservationist cultural policy. Anyway, we are aware that this text intends only to carry out a preliminary approach to the documents, in the sense that the wealth of its content would allow us to slowx over an infinity of issues that they raise. I specifically refer to the documents produced at UNESCO Regional Seminar on the Role of Museums in Education, which took place in Rio de Janeiro in 1958; at the Santiago Round Table in 1972, in Chile; at the 1rst New Museology International Workshop, in Quebec, Canada, 1984; at the Oaxtepec Meeting, in Mexico 1984; and at the Caracas Meeting in 1992. These are documents elaborated within the ICOM –International Council of Museums. These documents are the result of a joint reflection by professionals who seek the evolution of ideas within their areas of action, recognising that in order to do so it is necessary to leave the cocoon of the museological institutions and try to discuss their conceptual advances with professionals of related areas. It is important to be capacitated to reuse these advances in their areas of action. This is the recognition of the importance of interdisciplinarity for the museological context.

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Hablar de la situación italiana dentro del campo de los eco museos, no es seguramente una cosa simple y esto no es por que Italia sea un país problematico, si no por la naturaleza de la imagen de estos. Los eco museos , de hecho no siguiendo la naturaleza del mismo desarrollo de crecimiento y no respondiendo a un único modo de competición a afrontar, no ofrecen fácilmente un cuadro de síntesis. Teniendo que informar aquí, o sea dar noticias al resguardo de mi país, he escogido de contar algunas sensaciones y reflexiones recogidas de los convenios4 a los cuales recientemente he participado. Inmediatamente, debiendo simplificar, las tres palabras claves que se me han ocurrido son: Patrimonio - Gobierno - Complejidad. Patrimonio porqué hablamos de los eco museos, y sobre todo de el conjunto de bienes materiales e inmateriales que forman nuestra memoria. Gobierno porqué nos referimos a los eco museos como instrumentos para dirigir, guiar, organizar la Complejidad, con la cual aquí, entiendo el conjunto de de varios aspectos que vienen de un territorio y que juntamente lo cualifican.