Saber e poder: agentes comunitários de saúde aproximando saberes locais e políticas públicas

Incorporar os diversos saberes locais nas políticas públicas é uma forma não apenas de garantir sua apropriação pela sociedade, mas também de promover cidadania com base na garantia de eqüidade e da diferença. Este trabalho busca analisar como os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do Programa Saúde da Família realizam uma ponte entre os saberes locais, dos espaços e cotidianos vividos, e as políticas públicas de saúde. O trabalho retoma, primeiramente, conceitos como nova cidadania, direito à eqüidade e à diferença, espaço, território e saberes locais. Em seguida são analisadas as experiências de Sobral-CE e Londrina-PR a partir do acompanhamento do trabalho de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde nestas localidades. O objetivo é traçar algumas conclusões sobre a importância de se envolver pessoas da comunidade para que as políticas públicas promovam cidadania, acesso a serviços, direito à igualdade e à diferença e garantam melhores resultados.

O comportamento técnico-administrativo dos servidores em exercício nas unidades sanitárias do Departamento de Saúde da Grande São Paulo. 1 e seu reflexo no atendimento a comunidade: (estudo realizado nos centros de Saúde da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde na região do Butantã, Vila Mariana, Belenzinho, Vila Prudente, Jabaquara e Santa Cecilia, do município de São Paulo)

A presente monografia dentro de um tema abrangente como a Saúde Pública no Brasil, propõe-se, neste estudo, realizar uma análise de como a organização "Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo" procurou equacionar os aspectos administrativos para que a programação substantiva de saúde pudesse ser implantada e executada. Retrata a conduta da administração no complexo: dirigente e subordinados, analisando em que bases racionais estão sendo desenvolvidos, no interior da Unidades de Saúde pesquisadas, as complexas atividades e Funções da Instituição. Aborda o tema "Desenvolvimento Organizacional", interpretando as mudanças ambientais, elaborando opções de inovação para as organizações evoluírem. Analisa as condições necessárias à inovação e adaptação organizacional, conduzindo a maior satisfação dos indivíduos participantes e maior eficiência das unidades estudadas. Examina, do ponto de vista de execução das atividades, sob que prisma os conflitos e a consequente relação de poder são percebidos e aceitos pela Equipe de Saúde e pela comunidade usuária.

O processo de descentralização da gestão orçamentária nos núcleos regionais da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar: um estudo de caso

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar como se deu a descentralização da gestão orçamentária na Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar em suas Coordenadorias de Brasília e São Paulo e em que medida é possível replicá-la aos demais Núcleos Regionais espalhados em todo território nacional. Para tanto, apoiou-se em um conjunto de dados/evidências levantados a partir da revisão da literatura, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo envolvendo observação participante e aplicação de entrevistas e questionários. Como estratégia de pesquisa foi utilizado o estudo de caso, visto tratar-se da análise de uma intervenção em uma organização, no caso a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar, com o intuito de esclarecer como e por que as decisões foram implementadas e com quais resultados. Para a compreensão do fenômeno estudado, necessitou-se explorar os conceitos da descentralização, compreender as especificidades que afetam o grau de descentralização, investigar a experiência acumulada nos Núcleos que possuem Coordenadorias de Administração Descentralizada e identificar a viabilidade de instalação de CADs nos demais Núcleos. A despeito dos problemas observados e relatados na implementação do processo, é visível os ganhos obtidos com a descentralização, tanto na percepção dos gestores envolvidos quanto dos servidores das unidades descentralizadas. A análise documental também comprovou que ganhos de eficiência e gestão foram obtidos nessas unidades, mas correções devem ser realizadas. Mediante a análise dos dados apresentados, verifica-se que a descentralização das demais unidades é possível, e resolveria alguns dos problemas relatados pelos servidores, criando uma gestão mais participativa que se adeque as especificidades locais, mas a replicação desse modelo aos demais núcleos passa primeiramente por uma efetiva avaliação e ajustes das unidades já implantadas.

Estudo de caso: uma reflexão sobre as estruturas internas da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro para acompanhamento e controle de contratos firmados com a iniciativa privada para gestão de unidades de saúde

Este estudo objetiva comparar as estruturas internas da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SES/RJ) organizadas para a execução do acompanhamento e controle de contratos de gestão firmados com parceiros privados para prestação de serviços de saúde no estado. As modalidades de contratação abordadas foram: “Gestão Compartilhada”, contratação entre a SES/RJ e empresa privada com base na Lei Nº 8.666 de 21 de junho de 1993 e “Gestão por Organização Social de Saúde (OSS)”, contratação entre a SES/RJ e OSS com base na Lei Nº 6.043 de 19 de setembro de 2011. Visando o cumprimento do marco legal no que tange ao controle dos contratos de gestão, a SES/RJ reformulou estruturas internas, instituindo novas instâncias de acompanhamento de contratos. A premência na implantação dos novos mecanismos de gestão assistencial para atendimento às necessidades de saúde da população fluminense prejudicou a avaliação e possível mensuração de custos de transação. Não obstante os contratos de gestão produzam o bem público maior, qual seja a oferta de serviços de saúde de qualidade à população fluminense, há que se considerar que a eficiência é um princípio expresso na Emenda Constitucional nº 19 de 1998 e deve ser perseguida pela Administração Pública. À luz da Teoria de Custos de Transação, a hipótese deste trabalho é que o Poder Público pode incorrer em perdas desconhecidas com a estrutura de governança de contratos com OSS, se custos de transação não forem mensurados. Para avaliar a pertinência da suposição, é proposta comparação com a estrutura de governança de contratos de Gestão Compartilhada.

Prevalência da infecção pelo Papilomavírus humano, Chlamydia Trachomatis e Herpes Simples do tipo 2 em adolescentes atendidas em unidades de saúde pública de Natal

This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV), in addition to analyzing the prevalence of genital HPV infection, Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV-2) and Chlamydia trachomatis in teenagers. The study consisted of two approaches, one based only on interviews conducted with adolescents enrolled in public schools or in public health facilities in the city of Natal. The other approach involved only a group of 132 adolescents enrolled among those admitted to two health units in Natal-RN. This second group of participants two specimens were collected for laboratory analysis: one was directed to prepare the blade for the Pap test, and other processed for DNA extraction for molecular analysis, focusing on the detection of HPV, HSV-2 and C . trachomatis. The presence of DNA of the three pathogens was investigated by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of each of the three pathogens was analyzed in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, as well as sexual and reproductive activity to identify risk factors for infection and development of lesions of the uterine cervix. The results show that the adolescents in this study had levels of knowledge and attitude very low, both in relation to cytology to HPV as though they have made a reasonable percentage of adequate practice exam and prevention of HPV infection. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 54.5% and 48.2% in adolescents with normal cytology and 86.4% in those with abnormal cytology. We observed a higher proportion of cases of infection in the age group of 18 to 21. The prevalence of HPV infection was slightly higher among pregnant teenagers. The overall prevalence of HSV-2 infection was 13.6% and 11.8% in women with normal cytology and 22.7% in those with abnormal cytology. A higher proportion of cases of infection was found in the age group from 14 to 17, with a slightly higher prevalence among pregnant women. The C. trachomatis was found with an overall prevalence of 19.7% and 21.8% in adolescents with normal cytology and 9.1% in those with abnormal cytology. The prevailing rate was highest in the age group 18 to 21 years and in nonpregnant

Avaliação do cuidado na estratégia saúde da família em metrópoles do nordeste brasileiro

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazilian cities of the Northeast, expanding coverage, analyzing the progress, challenges and innovations. Methods: Multicentric Evaluation Research, Studies Baselines in urban centers, using as a case study method. Selected cases of Aracaju, being capital, advanced coverage with extended team, and Fortaleza, capital coverage incipient and minimal staff. In Fortaleza, purposive sample of 11 Units Primary (APS), 03 managers, 53 professionals and 109 users. In Aracaju, 09 units of APS, 02 managers, 36 professionals, and 90 users. Structured interviews for managers, and structured to professionals and users. Descriptive analysis focusing on the political and institutional dimensions, organization and comprehensive care. Results: There was consensus that the ESF is the preferred port users and acts as inducing changes in care. In the case of Fortaleza, the specificities were: care protocols and community activities aimed at chronic conditions (100%) , with greater participation of doctors and nurses (93%) ; conjunction with more complex services, but the teams reported difficulties with the examination center and experts, the long waits and poor access to local services were the main difficulties reported by users., As innovative practice, the therapeutic group of elderly caregivers mentioned by respondents; There was intersectoral initiatives and teams 87 % of users have participated in meetings about health problems. In the case of Aracaju, care protocols were directed to the lines of care and formulated locally, 85 % coverage of the population with FHS counterpart local financing; employees hired by public tender; 70 % of teams with expertise in public health center for continuing education acting; democratization in management; access technologies, welcoming and computerization in different integrated networks, and evaluation matrix. Conclusions: The ESF has promoted access to health care and inclusion of disadvantaged populations. Different perceptions and practices in the organization of care, with distinct trajectories of reorganization. In the case of Fortaleza, predominance of model programs valuing older, with evidence of advances in care practices and teamwork, but restricted to primary care practices and incipient in public policy perspective. In Aracaju, had network integration with technologies related to the family, in which the ESF is consolidated as public policy. It can be argued that the XII APS expanding coverage, exhibited efficacy, despite the challenges inherent to the different degrees of implementation

O processo de trabalho e a composição técnica do trabalho do enfermeiro no cuidado à saúde da criança em unidades de saúde da familia

With the trajectory that the problems related to child health are taking in our society, particularly with regard to infant mortality, beyond the process of decentralization of health and the implementation of the Family Health Strategy in the cities, where it has increased considerably performance of nursing staff in Primary Health Care, they can be considered essential factors for reflections on the care of nurse dispenses the health of these children. In order to check how it is organized the working process of the nurse in caring for these children in USFs as well as the difficulties found in the dynamics of this work, this research aimed to analyze the work processes of nurses in care Child Health in USFs, with emphasis on technologies used in producing care. This is a research exploratory and descriptive with qualitative approach, based on the theoretical reference in about Work Process and Composition Technique of Work. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 11 nurses who, at the moment, perform their functions for more than 01 year at USF. The guiding questions were based at theoretical reference. To analyze the results, was used the referential of content analysis, and was refer to thematic analysis. In situations that were involved closed questions of the interview, was used the aid of SPSS 15.0 program for Windows. The results indicated that the process of nurse work in health care of children, focuses on the preventive character, whose focus of the actions are healthy children, following the routines and protocols established by the Ministry of Health with a view to maintaining health them. When analyzing the data through theoretical references of Composition Technique of Work found that the core technologies of daily tasks of the nurse are directed for the use of technology soft-hard and hard, and the reason established between the Dead Working and Alive Working, there is prevalence of the first against the second in the production of this care. These situations contribute to the explanation of the emergence problems related to adhesion of mothers / caregivers to monitoring the CD, due to character prescriptive and normalizer of actions. The results also suggested the presence of "vanishing lines" in the make of nurses, confirming the self-governance of health professionals in daily work. These "vanishing lines" express the own execution of the Work Live in action, guided by the use of soft technologies, however, was not characterized as a process of technology transition. So, to get a better resolution to the problems related to child health, the nurse has reorganize your work process by focusing on the execution of work live in action.

As ações de controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde: a visão do doente

Tuberculosis is a disease of great impact on the world context today. In Brazil, the disease management was directed to the Primary Health Care, due to the determination of the Ministry of Health to decentralize health actions for primary care. Thus, since the actions of diagnosis, treatment and control of the disease should happen in this context, however, there are still many barriers that may hinder the realization of these determinations. This study aims to analyze the development of tuberculosis control activities conducted in the services of primary health care from the patient's vision. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. The population consists of 517 tuberculosis patients treated in units of Primary Health Care in the city of Natal-RN; the sample consists of 93 TB patients. The collect instrument is structured, based in The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), validated in Brazil and adapted to assess attention to TB in Brazil, with modifications. This instrument was divided into blocks: the first one describes the socio-demographic information of patients with TB and the second one describes the health services working in control, diagnosis and treatment of TB, and includes issues related to the dimensions of primary care: access, bond, services, coordination of care, guidance to the community and family focus. For quantitative analysis, were built indicators for each item of the instrument. The response patterns are followed according to the Likert scale, which was assigned a value between one and five meant that the degree of preference relation (or agreement) of the statements. Values between 1 and 3 were considered unsatisfactory for the indicator, between 3 and less than 4, regular, and between 4 and 5, satisfactory. The results indicate that 62.37% of patients are male, 27.96% aged 41 to 50 years old, and 34.41% unemployed, with low education and low family income. It was found that the reference hospital services are the front door to the patient (59.14%), and are also the local diagnosis of the disease (72.04%). On access, the conditions satisfactory found are: the number of times the patients need to pick up the health care issue, the marking and the facility to get a consultancy in the HS, assistance provided without harm to the individual's attendance labor and facilities related to the proximity between the residence and services; were considered unsatisfactory conditions related to travel to the HS, and on hours and days of operation of services. As for the cast of services were satisfactory and regular actions related to the request for examination to become viable in the first HS, the availability of pot to perform smear and medicines for the treatment, as well as consultations control and receiving information about the disease and the treatment performed; it is considered unsatisfactory the performance of the home care for patients with TB by the HS that acts as a front door, for implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), home visits during treatment, the provision of transportation allowance to the patient and the existence of groups for TB patients. Regarding the coordination of care, resulted in regular the action of referring the patient to other HS to obtain examinations, and as unsatisfactory referral to obtain medications. The relationship bond between patient and health team were considered satisfactory in the majority or regular. As for the family and community focus, is satisfactory only the indicator relating to questions from professionals to the patient about the existence of respiratory symptoms in the family. It is considered that there is need for greater commitment from government entities to the incentives required to TB control, as well as the availability of necessary inputs and training of human resources working in the PHC in the ongoing quest to strengthen primary care, as a place of broader host needs to contact the user with the actions and health professionals. It is recommended the adoption of management mechanisms possible to expand the capacity of the health PHC, promoting the service delivery to the user and ensuring attention to population health.

Práticas educativas e integralidade na saúde da família: um estudo etnográfico

Primary Health Care, especially in the family health strategy, it is expected that the joint assistance and actions of health promotion. The Ministry of health (BRAZIL, 2007) defines health education as an eyeshadow strategy of prevention and health promotion, based on reflective practices, which allow the user to their condition of historical, social and political subject, under the vision of an expanded clinic on the part of health professionals. In this sense, there are guidelines for it professionals to develop educational activities and that they can interfere in the health/disease process of the population, with a view to the development of autonomy of the subject. This research had as objective to understand in the light of the integrality of the care, as is the production of health education practices, within the framework of the family health strategy from ethnographic study in a family health unit (USF). The location of the research was the unit of USF Felipe Camarão II in West Health District, in the city of Natal, RN, Brazil, selected from preliminary mapping of educational practices deployed in units of health of the family of this municipality, based on criteria such as time-to-deployment of USF and sustainability of existing actions. Immersion in the field consisted of participant observation with journaling, held during the period of August 2012 to January 2013, in which she accompanied team work processes in clinical-welfare actions on the USF, in households and in educational activities of group character. The results presented in ethnographic description were analyzed based on the axes proposed by Ayres (2009) for identification of integrality in health practices:the axis of the needs; the axis of the purposes; the joint axis; and the axis of the interactionsThe evidence described from observation point the presence of each axle up health education practices developed by the teams, even incipient form, namely: articulation and appreciation of knowledge and practices of popular culture with local initiatives (Pastoril do Peixe Boi Encantado, Auto de Natal e Grupo Terapia e Arte); Clinical integration with health promotion actions and coordination of multidisciplinary knowledge, with professional-user link (course for pregnant women). However, a few challenges were identified to be faced in order to move forward in these practices in integral care: the need to break with the fragmentation of actions; strengthening teamwork; need for greater sustainability policy of collective actions; intersectoral work aimed at a better role of the State in the face of the health-disease process, adding to the action of individuals.The analysis produced from observation of the processes experienced indicates the need for a better recognition of local managers that actions similar to those that occur in the USF Felipe Camarão II enable advances in completeness as allows inclusion of actors involved in the processes of health work, and stimulate participation and shared responsibility in the fight for health-disease situations

Modelo da velocidade crítica em testes de caminhada: validade, reprodutibilidade e aplicabilidade em pacientes de Unidades de Saúde

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação de instrumento para classificação de risco familiar em unidades de saúde da família

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Atenção à saúde infantil pela estratégia de saúde da família sob a ótica de usuárias de unidades de Botucatu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Saúde e segurança do trabalhador do barro em arranjos produtivos locais: o caso do artesanato de barro nos bairros Olarias e Poti Velho na cidade de Teresina - Piauí

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Clima e saúde: contribuição ao estudo das condições atmosféricas e relação com as doenças respiratórias: subsídio às políticas públicas locais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da adesão à terapia medicamentosa em hipertensos de unidades de saúde do distrito DAGUA no município de Belém-Pará

A adesão à farmacoterapia em diversas doenças crônicas, especialmente na hipertensão arterial (HAS), tem grande importância para a prevenção, diminuição e controle de agravos e complicações, desta forma reduzindo a morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular. Avaliar os fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis, que contribuam para uma melhor adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em pacientes do distrito DAGUA, em Belém-PA, pode servir como base para qualificação da assistência farmacêutica, gestão clínica, políticas públicas, ações e planos nos serviços de saúde pública com o intuito de melhorar a adesão dos pacientes. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo observacional de natureza transversal e análise quantitativa com amostra probabilística de 227 pacientes, cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA, no período de março de 2010 à agosto de 2011, onde avaliou-se o conhecimento e o grau de adesão a terapia medicamentosa utilizando os testes de Morisky e Green (TMG) e ao teste de Batalla relacionando às variáveis socioeconômicas, estilo de vida, esquipe e serviço de saúde e fatores relacionados ao paciente. A população estudada foi caracterizada predominantemente por mulheres (69,5%), faixa etária a partir de 60 anos (44,5%), pardos (48%), casados (44,9%), aposentados (43,6%) e com grau de escolaridade baixa, sendo (55,1%) com ensino fundamental incompleto. Do total de indivíduos (63,46%) apresentaram pressão arterial não controlada. Não aderiam ao tratamento (66,9%) de acordo com o teste de Morisky e Green e (72,38%) pelo teste de Batalla.