Rupturas y subjetividades : Un acercamiento a la perspectiva de las Trayectorias Laborales

El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar los aportes teóricos que brinda el enfoque de las trayectorias laborales para comprender el conjunto de recorridos heterogéneos, impredecibles y discontinuos que se delinean en la vida laboral de los sujetos. Desde este lugar, realizamos una reflexión crítica junto a una sistematización teórica de aquellas investigaciones que nos aproximen a comprender cómo se construyen las biografías laborales en un contexto de intermitencia e incertidumbre. La perspectiva escogida brinda al análisis social la posibilidad de analizar estos nuevos fenómenos desde su complejidad analítica, al aprehender la dimensión objetiva y subjetiva en su articulación temporal

Rupturas y subjetividades : Un acercamiento a la perspectiva de las Trayectorias Laborales

El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar los aportes teóricos que brinda el enfoque de las trayectorias laborales para comprender el conjunto de recorridos heterogéneos, impredecibles y discontinuos que se delinean en la vida laboral de los sujetos. Desde este lugar, realizamos una reflexión crítica junto a una sistematización teórica de aquellas investigaciones que nos aproximen a comprender cómo se construyen las biografías laborales en un contexto de intermitencia e incertidumbre. La perspectiva escogida brinda al análisis social la posibilidad de analizar estos nuevos fenómenos desde su complejidad analítica, al aprehender la dimensión objetiva y subjetiva en su articulación temporal

Plano curricular dos currículos específicos individuais - 2.º e 3.º ciclos: representações dos professores

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação – Especialização em Educação Especial

Recours aux services de soutien formel par les parents immigrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap

Les parents immigrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap présentent davantage de sources de vulnérabilité que d’autres parents. Cette situation peut diminuer le temps disponible et altérer leur implication dans le programme de réadaptation de leur enfant. L’objectif de cette thèse doctorale est de déterminer les attentes et les besoins en services de soutien formel de ces parents, afin de leur proposer une aide adaptée à leurs conditions de vie, et ceci, au fur et à mesure que l’enfant grandit. D’abord, une étude de la portée des écrits scientifiques est menée dans le but de mieux cerner les connaissances existantes en lien avec le recours aux services de soutien par les parents immigrants (chapitre 1). Les vingt publications sélectionnées indiquent que l’aide pour trouver de l’information s’avère la plus requise, que ce soit au sujet de la condition de l’enfant, du fonctionnement sociosanitaire et éducatif du pays d’accueil, ou encore des services de soutien. En outre, la transmission de ces informations peut se compliquer en cas de non-maîtrise de la langue du pays d’accueil ou lorsque des interculturelles apparaissent entre les parents immigrants et les différents intervenants rencontrés. Quant au non-recours aux aides formelles, il semble principalement dû à l’inadéquation entre l’aide concrète et les attentes des parents, au soutien informel reçu, à la méconnaissance des opportunités d’obtenir des services d’aide destinés aux parents, ou encore à un épuisement non ressenti. Compte tenu du nombre restreint d’écrits scientifiques recensés, des entrevues semi-dirigées sont conduites auprès de 28 parents immigrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap dans la province du Québec (Canada) dans le cadre d’une recherche de plus grande envergure portant sur la communication avec les intervenants en petite enfance (chapitre 2). Le but de cette deuxième étude est de mieux saisir l’utilisation des services de soutien formel par les parents immigrants et les facteurs influençant leurs choix. Il faut préciser que les propos recueillis restent très centrés sur les services destinés à l’enfant. Le soutien pour recevoir des informations et l’accompagnement à la décision apparaissent comme les aides formelles les plus utilisées par les participants, suivies du soutien à l’éducation, de l’écoute active et de l’aide financière. Cinq facteurs semblent guider le recours au soutien formel qui est destiné aux parents, soit : (1) leur perception de la condition de leur enfant, (2) l’accès à l’information, (3) leurs stratégies et leur capacité d’agir, (4) l’implication du réseau informel, et (5) leur perception de leur besoin de services de soutien. Suite à ces résultats, de nouvelles entrevues semi-dirigées sont menées auprès de huit parents immigrants d’enfants d’âges différents à Montréal et à Québec. Cette démarche permet d’approfondir le thème du recours au soutien formel destiné aux parents, et ce, au fur et à mesure que l’enfant grandit (chapitre 3). Le guide d’entretien conçu pour cette étude met l’emphase sur les attentes et les besoins des parents immigrants afin d’atteindre un équilibre dans toutes les sphères de leur vie. Suite à une analyse thématique exploratoire du discours des parents et par l’application d’un modèle de stress et de coping, sept principales sources de stress sont mises en évidence : (1) le parcours migratoire, (2) la condition de l’enfant, (3) l’organisation sociosanitaire du pays d’accueil, (4) l’insertion professionnelle, (5) la relation de couple, (6) le réseau social, et (7) l’état de santé du parent. Afin de faire face à ces circonstances difficiles, les parents immigrants recourent principalement à de l’aide financière, du soutien pour obtenir des informations, de l’accompagnement à la décision, de l’aide en éducation et pour le transport. La satisfaction exprimée varie, notamment en raison des divergences entre les attentes et les services obtenus (soutien en éducation, écoute active, services de garde), ainsi qu’en termes de quantité d’aide reçue (soutien financier, informations, accompagnement à la décision). Un modèle théorique original est proposé afin d’illustrer le contexte parental en termes d’attentes, de besoins et de recours au soutien. Si certains moments de la vie de l’enfant peuvent entraîner un stress supplémentaire pour les parents (annonce du diagnostic, arrivée à l’école, transition à l’âge adulte), le parcours migratoire semble davantage expliquer le recours aux aides formelles.

Vocational guidance in people with special educational needs as the result of visual impairment during the transition stage from high school to advanced education

This work proposes to seek for the factors related to the choices that people with special educational needs make as the result of the visual impairment, during the transition stage from high school to advanced education. Therefore, we have taken into consideration that Vocational Guidance and the transition towards adulthood get specific characteristics in case of visually impaired young people, particularly in what's related to continue with advanced education. The focus of this work is to be able to clarify the existence of factors that make this transition stage easier or harder, through the observation of visually impaired and blind people who complete high school. This matter has aroused interest and concern about the strategies to follow to ensure the successful entrance and remaining in the selected advanced education. However, if we don?t know the factors involved in the described fact, it's difficult to design an appropriate intervention strategy. Then, in order to take acknowledge about the specific issues of visually impaired young people who complete high school, we chose a special school for this disability and some students who will join this project

Vocational guidance in people with special educational needs as the result of visual impairment during the transition stage from high school to advanced education

This work proposes to seek for the factors related to the choices that people with special educational needs make as the result of the visual impairment, during the transition stage from high school to advanced education. Therefore, we have taken into consideration that Vocational Guidance and the transition towards adulthood get specific characteristics in case of visually impaired young people, particularly in what's related to continue with advanced education. The focus of this work is to be able to clarify the existence of factors that make this transition stage easier or harder, through the observation of visually impaired and blind people who complete high school. This matter has aroused interest and concern about the strategies to follow to ensure the successful entrance and remaining in the selected advanced education. However, if we don?t know the factors involved in the described fact, it's difficult to design an appropriate intervention strategy. Then, in order to take acknowledge about the specific issues of visually impaired young people who complete high school, we chose a special school for this disability and some students who will join this project

Vocational guidance in people with special educational needs as the result of visual impairment during the transition stage from high school to advanced education

This work proposes to seek for the factors related to the choices that people with special educational needs make as the result of the visual impairment, during the transition stage from high school to advanced education. Therefore, we have taken into consideration that Vocational Guidance and the transition towards adulthood get specific characteristics in case of visually impaired young people, particularly in what's related to continue with advanced education. The focus of this work is to be able to clarify the existence of factors that make this transition stage easier or harder, through the observation of visually impaired and blind people who complete high school. This matter has aroused interest and concern about the strategies to follow to ensure the successful entrance and remaining in the selected advanced education. However, if we don?t know the factors involved in the described fact, it's difficult to design an appropriate intervention strategy. Then, in order to take acknowledge about the specific issues of visually impaired young people who complete high school, we chose a special school for this disability and some students who will join this project

Exploring non-cancer pain conditions in a community sample : critiquing a current conceptual model of the acute to chronic pain transition and examining predictors of chronicity

This program of research examines the experience of chronic pain in a community sample. While, it is clear that like patient samples, chronic pain in non-patient samples is also associated with psychological distress and physical disability, the experience of pain across the total spectrum of pain conditions (including acute and episodic pain conditions) and during the early course of chronic pain is less clear. Information about these aspects of the pain experience is important because effective early intervention for chronic pain relies on identification of people who are likely to progress to chronicity post-injury. A conceptual model of the transition from acute to chronic pain was proposed by Gatchel (1991a). In brief, Gatchel’s model describes three stages that individuals who have a serious pain experience move through, each with worsening psychological dysfunction and physical disability. The aims of this program of research were to describe the experience of pain in a community sample in order to obtain pain-specific data on the problem of pain in Queensland, and to explore the usefulness of Gatchel’s Model in a non-clinical sample. Additionally, five risk factors and six protective factors were proposed as possible extensions to Gatchel’s Model. To address these aims, a prospective longitudinal mixed-method research design was used. Quantitative data was collected in Phase 1 via a comprehensive postal questionnaire. Phase 2 consisted of a follow-up questionnaire 3 months post-baseline. Phase 3 consisted of semi-structured interviews with a subset of the original sample 12 months post follow-up, which used qualitative data to provide a further in-depth examination of the experience and process of chronic pain from respondents’ point of view. The results indicate chronic pain is associated with high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, the levels of disability reported by this Queensland sample were generally lower than those reported by clinical samples and consistent with disability data reported in a New South Wales population-based study. With regard to the second aim of this program of research, while some elements of the pain experience of this sample were consistent with that described by Gatchel’s Model, overall the model was not a good fit with the experience of this non-clinical sample. The findings indicate that passive coping strategies (minimising activity), catastrophising, self efficacy, optimism, social support, active strategies (use of distraction) and the belief that emotions affect pain may be important to consider in understanding the processes that underlie the transition to and continuation of chronic pain.

Direct repression of MYB by ZEB1 suppresses proliferation and epithelial gene expression during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells

Introduction Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes cell migration and is important in metastasis. Cellular proliferation is often downregulated during EMT, and the reverse transition (MET) in metastases appears to be required for restoration of proliferation in secondary tumors. We studied the interplay between EMT and proliferation control by MYB in breast cancer cells. Methods MYB, ZEB1, and CDH1 expression levels were manipulated by lentiviral small-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown/overexpression, and verified with Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and qRT-PCR. Proliferation was assessed with bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling and flow cytometry, and sulforhodamine B assays. EMT was induced with epidermal growth factor for 9 days or by exposure to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for up to 5 days, and assessed with qRT-PCR, cell morphology, and colony morphology. Protein expression in human breast cancers was assessed with immunohistochemistry. ZEB1-MYB promoter binding and repression were determined with Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay and a luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Student paired t tests, Mann–Whitney, and repeated measures two-way ANOVA tests determined statistical significance (P < 0.05). Results Parental PMC42-ET cells displayed higher expression of ZEB1 and lower expression of MYB than did the PMC42-LA epithelial variant. Knockdown of ZEB1 in PMC42-ET and MDA-MB-231 cells caused increased expression of MYB and a transition to a more epithelial phenotype, which in PMC42-ET cells was coupled with increased proliferation. Indeed, we observed an inverse relation between MYB and ZEB1 expression in two in vitro EMT cell models, in matched human breast tumors and lymph node metastases, and in human breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of MYB in PMC42-LA cells (MYBsh-LA) led to morphologic changes and protein expression consistent with an EMT. ZEB1 expression was raised in MYBsh-LA cells and significantly repressed in MYB-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, which also showed reduced random migration and a shift from mesenchymal to epithelial colony morphology in two dimensional monolayer cultures. Finally, we detected binding of ZEB1 to MYB promoter in PMC42-ET cells, and ZEB1 overexpression repressed MYB promoter activity. Conclusions This work identifies ZEB1 as a transcriptional repressor of MYB and suggests a reciprocal MYB-ZEB1 repressive relation, providing a mechanism through which proliferation and the epithelial phenotype may be coordinately modulated in breast cancer cells.

Potentiation of the early visual response to learned danger signals in adults and adolescents

The reinforcing effects of aversive outcomes on avoidance behaviour are well established. However, their influence on perceptual processes is less well explored, especially during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Using electroencephalography, we examined whether learning to actively or passively avoid harm can modulate early visual responses in adolescents and adults. The task included two avoidance conditions, active and passive, where two different warning stimuli predicted the imminent, but avoidable, presentation of an aversive tone. To avoid the aversive outcome, participants had to learn to emit an action (active avoidance) for one of the warning stimuli and omit an action for the other (passive avoidance). Both adults and adolescents performed the task with a high degree of accuracy. For both adolescents and adults, increased N170 event-related potential amplitudes were found for both the active and the passive warning stimuli compared with control conditions. Moreover, the potentiation of the N170 to the warning stimuli was stable and long lasting. Developmental differences were also observed; adolescents showed greater potentiation of the N170 component to danger signals. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that learned danger signals in an instrumental avoidance task can influence early visual sensory processes in both adults and adolescents.

Making the transition from pharmacy student to pharmacist: Australian interns' perceptions of professional identity formation

Objectives The experience of transitioning from university to practice influences professional identity formation. It is unclear how this transitioning experience influences pharmacy interns' professional identities. This study aims to examine pharmacy interns' perceptions of their transition from university to the workplace and the influence this had on their pharmacist identities. Methods A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was adopted for this study. Fifteen interns (community and hospital) from one school of pharmacy in Australia were interviewed. Questions were asked about the nature of their current intern role, their university experiences, how they saw themselves as pharmacists and their perceptions of the transition to practice. Key findings The interns interviewed entered the workplace valuing patient-focused aspects of practice and contributing to patient care. The nature of work meant there were limited opportunities to enact these aspects of their professional identities. The interns were challenged by interactions with patients and doctors, and experienced difficulties reconciling this with their university-derived professional identities. Also, the interns lacked the confidence and strategies to overcome these challenges. Some were exploring alternative ways of being pharmacists. Conclusions This paper argues that graduates' experience of the transition to practice was challenging. This was due to nascent professional identities formed in university and a lack of workplace experiences enabling patient-centred practices. The interns' formation of professional identities was highly responsive to the context of work. To facilitate the development of Australian patient-centred pharmacy practice, supporting professional identity formation should be a focus within pharmacy education.

A dynamical instability due to fluid–wall coupling lowers the transition Reynolds number in the flow through a flexible tube

A flow-induced instability in a tube with flexible walls is studied experimentally. Tubes of diameter 0.8 and 1.2 mm are cast in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer gels, and the catalyst concentration in these gels is varied to obtain shear modulus in the range 17–550 kPa. A pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the tube is used to drive fluid flow, and the friction factor $f$ is measured as a function of the Reynolds number $Re$. From these measurements, it is found that the laminar flow becomes unstable, and there is a transition to a more complicated flow profile, for Reynolds numbers as low as 500 for the softest gels used here. The nature of the $f$–$Re$ curves is also qualitatively different from that in the flow past rigid tubes; in contrast to the discontinuous increase in the friction factor at transition in a rigid tube, it is found that there is a continuous increase in the friction factor from the laminar value of $16\ensuremath{/} Re$ in a flexible tube. The onset of transition is also detected by a dye-stream method, where a stream of dye is injected into the centre of the tube. It is found that there is a continuous increase of the amplitude of perturbations at the onset of transition in a flexible tube, in contrast to the abrupt disruption of the dye stream at transition in a rigid tube. There are oscillations in the wall of the tube at the onset of transition, which is detected from the laser scattering off the walls of the tube. This indicates that the coupling between the fluid stresses and the elastic stresses in the wall results in an instability of the laminar flow.

Direct observation of Schottky to Ohmic transition in Al-diamond contacts using real-time photoelectron spectroscopy

Evans D A, Roberts O R, Vearey-Roberts A R, Langstaff D P, Twitchen D J and Schwitters M 2007 Direct observation of Schottky to ohmic transition in Al-diamond contacts using realtime photoelectron spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 132114 doi:10.1063/1.2790779

The transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional foam structures

Cox, Simon; Weaire, D.; F?tima Vaz, M., (2002) 'The transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional foam structures', The European Physical Journal E - Soft Matter 7(4) pp.311-315 RAE2008

A connectionist perspective of the transition from Face-to-Face to online teaching in Higher Education

Existing research shows a slow transition to online education by many university teaching staff. A mixed methods approach is used to survey teacher educators in three jurisdictions in the UK who have made the transition to online teaching, followed by focus group and individual interviews to triangulate the data. The eight tenets of connectivism are used as a lens for analysis. Findings reveal sound pedagogical reasons for the limited choice of online tools and tutors highlight two elements, namely, self-fulfilment and their desire to continually develop as an educator, as the rationale for adopting informal professional development in the 21st century.