Aprendizagem e desenvolvimento organizacional : uma experiência com o modelo da quinta disciplina

A complexidade e pressão que o contexto atual de mudança tem gerado para as organizações, tem exigido delas habilidades diferentes daquelas privilegiadas na era das organizações mecanicistas. A aprendizagem tornou-se uma das habilidades-chave para sobrevivência e desenvolvimento das organizações modernas. Alguns modelos gerenciais apresentam-se visando melhorar as capacidades de aprendizagem das organizações. Alguns tratam da questão estrutural, outros da questão comportamental. Um desses vem recebendo interesse especial, pela sua ênfase no elemento humano nas organizações: o modelo da Quinta Disciplina, de Peter M. Senge e seus colegas do M.I.T. - Massachussets Institute of Technology. Por ter como pressuposto que as organizações são em essência produto do pensar e interagir dos seus membros, sugere que a sua transformação passa por mudanças fundamentais nas formas como as pessoas pensam e interagem. Todavia, observa-se que a prática educacional e experiencial do modelo não tem levado em consideração alguns dos seus aspectos fundamentais. Desta forma, este estudo exploratório pretende descrever e avaliar as reações à aplicação do modelo numa realidade organizacional como forma de obter insights úteis para a prática e pesquisa em organizações, uma vez levando em consideração estes aspectos fundamentais. Como resultado, este trabalho descreve e analisa a experiência à luz das cinco disciplinas, unidades básicas do modelo, dando ênfase especial ao pensamento sistêmico, e descreve e analisa a experiência à luz de algumas variáveis, processos e dimensões-chave do estudo das organizações que apresentaram-se relevantes dentro do trabalho.

Gestão de transferência de inovações tecnológicas para empresas do setor produtivo: complexidade no relacionamento entre organizações de culturas diferentes

The motivation of this study is based on the expectation of understanding, at least in part, the reason why the brazilian academic production ¿ which is among the largest if compared to the developing countries, has not been translated in a useful way into concrete technology transference for the production sector. The supposition that different cultures and subcultures, in terms of values, behavior, practices among organizations and groups of selected actors involved in that process,- which is the central problem of this study, and peculiar to the technology context, has elected that relationship process the object of this research this study theoretical fundaments rely on culture and technology to analyze the subcultures which manifest themselves through the typified groups of researchers, in the public organizations, small scale employers, acting on technology based companies in the private sector (ebts) and mediators. Who also act in the process the preliminary step was the case study. Several qualitative methods an procedures were used. And the investigation has advanced toward interacting interviews, at the end added by the focal group method. The conclusions reject the existence of incompatibility among the subject groups points of view, however, points out some divergent values, the presence of mutual stereotypes and also confirms the supposition that the research platform is strongly influenced by the financial factor. Although, the study reveals that the presence of common objectives which lay behind the cited divergences make possible to present a core of practical suggestions to implement the studied relationships for the benefit of the production sector as well. The peculiarities perceived while dealing with that singular context suggest futures research to clarify possible new and obscure areas in that complex relationships.

A influência dos ativos intangíveis na análise de risco de crédito de empresas de base tecnológica

Evolution is present in world dynamics. And it is just in such transformational environment where companies have been encapsulated. In an economy of knowledge, physical assets alone are unable to provide profits to meet shareholders' demands. Now there comes an invisible component with the purpose of defining strategies and impelling results: Intangible Assets. Banking financing systems, however, have not kept pace with this knowledge revolution and its resulting new income generation techniques. Credit analysis methods for most financing agents would not employ any intangible parameters in their methodology of study as yet. This paper seeks to discuss the importance of intangible assets by focusing their role of influencial factor in decisions to finance technology-based companies. By studying the credit risk classification system employed by FINEP, Brazil's Federal Agency for innovation development, we wished to suggest indicators for intangibles which might be put to use in the Financiadora.

O papel da confiança na coprodução

Esse trabalho investigou empiricamente a influência que a confiança que o cliente deposita no prestador de serviços exerce sobre a efetividade da coprodução do cliente em serviços intensivos em conhecimento baseados em tecnologia. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura de marketing de serviços e de gerenciamento de operações sobre a participação do cliente na produção e entrega de serviços, que é o que caracteriza genericamente a coprodução do cliente. Também foi revisada a literatura sobre serviços intensivos em conhecimento, em busca de entender suas características e especificidades, e sobre confiança, especialmente na área de marketing de relacionamento. Sobre a participação do cliente na produção e entrega de serviços, constatou-se que existe na literatura uma visão consagrada que trata o cliente como “funcionário parcial” da empresa durante os encontros de serviços. Essa visão propõe recorrentemente um modelo conceitual em que a efetividade da coprodução do cliente apresenta três antecedentes fundamentais: clareza de papel, motivação e expertise do cliente. Além disso, foi identificada uma proposição teórica especificamente para o setor de serviços intensivos em conhecimento, nunca testada empiricamente, que sugere que esses três antecedentes da efetividade da coprodução são influenciados por um conjunto de comportamentos colaborativos desejáveis, batizados de responsabilidades do papel do cliente. Dessa forma, este trabalho testou um modelo conceitual que estabeleceu a confiança e as responsabilidades do papel do cliente como antecedentes da clareza de papel, motivação e expertise do cliente no processo de coprodução do cliente. Foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa e os dados foram levantados junto a profissionais que já participaram de projetos de software na condição de clientes. A coleta de dados usou um questionário estruturado construído a partir de escalas de mensuração de estudos anteriores. As relações entre os conceitos foram testadas por meio da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram evidências de que a confiança e as responsabilidades do papel do cliente impactam positivamente a clareza de papel, a motivação ou a expertise do cliente, abrindo espaço para pesquisas futuras que aprofundem o entendimento das relações entre esses conceitos e sua importância para a efetividade da coprodução do cliente.

Lean startup: análise exploratória sobre sua utilização por novas empresas brasileiras

Recentemente diversos empreendedores passaram a empregar uma nova abordagem na criação de empresas, denominada “Lean Startup” que, começou a ser difundida no Brasil em 2012 com o livro de Eric Ries. Seguindo a perspectiva do empreendedorismo como método, ela representa uma ruptura nos estudos de empreendedorismo, pois é diferente da abordagem preditiva utilizada até então em que elabora-se um plano de negócios e, somente depois da busca de investimentos, o produto é testado com clientes. Embora muito utilizada, existem poucos estudos acadêmicos sobre as práticas Lean aplicadas a Startups, daí a relevância do presente estudo. Com caráter exploratório, a pesquisa utiliza uma metodologia quantitativa e se vale de uma survey, respondida por 115 empreendedores, sócios de empresas de base tecnológica com até 42 meses de existência, com o objetivo de descobrir se eles conhecem a Lean Startup, o quanto suas ferramentas são adotadas e se elas trazem efeitos positivos. Como resultado, constatou-se que a Lean Startup é amplamente conhecida e utilizada, foram encontradas sinalizações de resultados positivos obtidos pelo uso de algumas de suas ferramentas - feedback acelerado, produto mínimo viável (PMV) e métricas da contabilidade para inovação, que medem o aprendizado no lugar de lucro. Dessa forma, a pesquisa contribui com o aumento do conhecimento sobre a Lean Startup, bem como por meio da formulação de perguntas para direcionar estudo futuros.

Otimização de vazão de poços injetores em projeto de injeção de água utilizando simulação por linhas de fluxo

Until the early 90s, the simulation of fluid flow in oil reservoir basically used the numerical technique of finite differences. Since then, there was a big development in simulation technology based on streamlines, so that nowadays it is being used in several cases and it can represent the physical mechanisms that influence the fluid flow, such as compressibility, capillarity and gravitational segregation. Streamline-based flow simulation is a tool that can help enough in waterflood project management, because it provides important information not available through traditional simulation of finite differences and shows, in a direct way, the influence between injector well and producer well. This work presents the application of a methodology published in literature for optimizing water injection projects in modeling of a Brazilian Potiguar Basin reservoir that has a large number of wells. This methodology considers changes of injection well rates over time, based on information available through streamline simulation. This methodology reduces injection rates in wells of lower efficiency and increases injection rates in more efficient wells. In the proposed model, the methodology was effective. The optimized alternatives presented higher oil recovery associated with a lower water injection volume. This shows better efficiency and, consequently, reduction in costs. Considering the wide use of the water injection in oil fields, the positive outcome of the modeling is important, because it shows a case study of increasing of oil recovery achieved simply through better distribution of water injection rates

Análise de desempenho de sistemas de comunicação sem-fio para monitoramento de unidade de produção de poços petrolíferos terrestres

The greater part of monitoring onshore Oil and Gas environment currently are based on wireless solutions. However, these solutions have a technological configuration that are out-of-date, mainly because analog radios and inefficient communication topologies are used. On the other hand, solutions based in digital radios can provide more efficient solutions related to energy consumption, security and fault tolerance. Thus, this paper evaluated if the Wireless Sensor Network, communication technology based on digital radios, are adequate to monitoring Oil and Gas onshore wells. Percent of packets transmitted with successful, energy consumption, communication delay and routing techniques applied to a mesh topology will be used as metrics to validate the proposal in the different routing techniques through network simulation tool NS-2

Avaliação por pig de perfilagem de danos superfciais nos materiais das paredes de dutos de petróleo

The modern technology of materials and structural integrity of pipelines requests the use of inspection tools named inspection pigs to detect, localize and measure the length, width and depth dimensions of the thickness losses of walls of buried and underwater pipelines in service. These tools run them internally, performing and recording measurements, with performance that varies according to the pig s technology. It has been developed recently an instrumented pig technology, called feller pig. This work aims to indicate factors that influence the feller pig technology performance in the detection and in the accuracy of measurement of the length, width and depth dimensions of the thickness losses on the internal surface of an oil pipeline wall under normal conditions of oil pipe inspection with pig. In this work, is made a collection of factors and an analyses of the technology based on the available literature, as well as an experiment to observe the technology and the factors operating. In the experiment, a feeler pig is used in a pipeline built in carbon steel and in operation that flows petroleum, in witch are observed areas with internal thickness losses occurred naturally. Some of these areas and their dimensions taken by automated ultra-sound scanner are compared with the ones indicated by the feller pig. Based on the data collection, on the analysis and on the experiment, the influence of factors object of this research is discussed. It is concluded that, among these, there are factors related to pipe fabrication tolerances, to wear of pig components, to internal adhesive wear of pipeline, to other pipeline damages and to technology characteristics. Finally, actions are suggested to know better, improve and define the applicability of this technology

Um método para desenvolvimento de abordagens generativas com composição de linguagens específicas de domínio

The software systems development with domain-specific languages has become increasingly common. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) provide increased of the domain expressiveness, raising the abstraction level by facilitating the generation of models or low-level source code, thus increasing the productivity of systems development. Consequently, methods for the development of software product lines and software system families have also proposed the adoption of domain-specific languages. Recent studies have investigated the limitations of feature model expressiveness and proposing the use of DSLs as a complement or substitute for feature model. However, in complex projects, a single DSL is often insufficient to represent the different views and perspectives of development, being necessary to work with multiple DSLs. In order to address new challenges in this context, such as the management of consistency between DSLs, and the need to methods and tools that support the development with multiple DSLs, over the past years, several approaches have been proposed for the development of generative approaches. However, none of them considers matters relating to the composition of DSLs. Thus, with the aim to address this problem, the main objectives of this dissertation are: (i) to investigate the adoption of the integrated use of feature models and DSLs during the domain and application engineering of the development of generative approaches; (ii) to propose a method for the development of generative approaches with composition DSLs; and (iii) to investigate and evaluate the usage of modern technology based on models driven engineering to implement strategies of integration between feature models and composition of DSLs

Evaluation of the photoelectrocatalytic method for oxidizing chloride and simultaneous removal of microcystin toxins in surface waters

The production of chlorine was investigated in the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of a chloride-containing solution using a TiO(2) thin-film electrode biased at current density from 5 to 50 mA cm(-2) and illuminated by UV light. Such parameters as chloride concentrations from 0.001 to 0.10 mol L(-1), pH 2-12, and interfering salts were varied in this study in order to determine their effect on this oxidation process. At an optimum condition this photoelectrocatalytic method can produce active chlorine at levels compatible to water disinfections processes using a chloride concentration higher than 0.010 mol L(-1) at a pH of 4 and a current density of 30 mA cm(-2). The method was successfully applied to treat surface water collected from a Brazilian river. After 150 min of photoelectrocatalytic oxidation, we obtained a 90% reduction in total organic carbon removal, a 100% removal of turbidity, a 93% decrease in colour and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of around 96% (N=3). The proposed technology based on photoelectrocatalytic oxidation was also tested in treating 250 mL of a solution containing 0.05 mol L(-1) NaCl and 50 mu g L(-1) of Microcystin aeruginosa. The bacteria is completely removed after 5 min of photoelectrocatalysis following an initial rate constant removal of -0.260 min(-1), suggesting that the present method could be considered as a promising alternative to chlorine-based disinfections. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Direcionamentos da tecnologia industrial de células a combustível de óxidos sólidos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Road maps towards an information society in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Integration practices for the technological innovation of products: Case studies at two large technological companies

Studies on innovation and technology management have emphasized the importance of integration between the research and development (R&D) department and others involved with the product development process (PDP) as a relevant practice for the good performance of technological innovation of product activities. This study addresses the topic of transfers of technologies to new product projects and also integration practices between the R&D department and others involved with the PDP. A qualitative study was conducted that was operationalized through two case studies at large high-tech companies: One is Brazilian and the other is a multinational subsidiary in Brazil. Among its main result, this paper represents and analyzes management practices that are favorable to integration in product development projects that demand development and transfer of technologies, such as: participation of R&D personnel in market activities, the adoption of virtual interaction mechanisms, and the application of methods such as technology roadmaps. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios.

Movimento cooperativista e associativista: um estudo sobre algumas formas de organização, resistência e criação dos trabalhadores frente ao modo de produção capitalista

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)