EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E DOUTRINAS RELIGIOSAS: RELAÇÕES E REPERCUSSÕES PARA AS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS

O presente estudo investiga repercussões existentes, para as escolas públicas, entre os conteúdos científicos curriculares ministrados e as orientações doutrinárias de denominações religiosas cristãs. Estes impactos ocorrem principalmente em relação a duas temáticas: 1) direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e questões de gênero; 2) criacionismo versus evolucionismo. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em uma pesquisa qualitativa, documental, composta também pela análise de conteúdo e por uma revisão de literatura. A pesquisa documental foi realizada por meio do site de buscas Google, no período de agosto de 2011 a setembro de 2014. Após o levantamento de inúmeros sites e blogs, foram selecionados 28 textos, publicados em 11 sites e 5 blogs de 9 denominações religiosas cristãs: Assembleia de Deus, Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia, Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, Testemunhas de Jeová, Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), Igreja Batista Lagoinha, Igreja Evangélica Cristã, Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil e Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana. O resultado da análise destes textos possibilitou uma visão acerca de pontos de vista e relações doutrinárias em relação às temáticas pesquisadas. As denominações religiosas cristãs que abordaram a temática do Criacionismo e do Evolucionismo apresentaram um posicionamento contrário à Teoria da Evolução de Charles Darwin, pois alegaram que as teorias científicas acerca da origem do mundo e das espécies são conflitantes com o Criacionismo, ou seja, a versão do livro de Gênesis, presente na Bíblia. Em relação aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e questões de gêneros, os textos analisados apresentaram, em sua maioria, um posicionamento contrário à homossexualidade, anticoncepção, realização do aborto e de relações sexuais antes do casamento. Concluiu-se que a presença de conteúdos religiosos no currículo e no cotidiano escolar das escolas públicas pode gerar conflitos com os conteúdos científicos propostos pelo Ministério da Educação, comprometendo a qualidade de ensino.

Avaliação de impactos não esperados: estudo de caso sobre o uso alternativo de crédito no Pronaf B

This Doctoral Dissertation deals with the evaluation of impacts, through the Case Study on deviations or redirects present in contracts Pronaf B, at Governador Mangabeira - BA , from 2011 to 2013. From the questioning about the expected impacts not contribute to the effectiveness of the program ? It was possible the measurement of the hypothesis that the effectiveness of unexpected impacts stems from the logic of family farming, unique socio-economic conditions of individuals and family units. The methodology is structured in the theoretical framework regarding the impact assessment and family farming, data collection, questionnaires among redirected contracting credit in PRONAF B and interviews with institutional actors involved . The results confirmed the existence of a logic family farm, able to take own decisions their mode of reproduction of life. As for the impact assessment, we added the importance of the unexpected in the evaluation of public policy impacts , while study of effectiveness with the beneficiaries and the significant contribution of their views.

A oralidade no ensino de Língua Portuguesa em livros didáticos para educação de jovens e adultos (EJA): reflexões e proposições

This work appears as a reflection on the oral modality of the language in the teaching of Portuguese Language from textbooks proposed for the elementary school. It has as main aim to analyze the textbooks for the Youth and Adult Education - EJA (6th and 7th grade), the collection "It is time to learn", specifically in regard to educational activities focusing on oral proposals in their constituent units. It is a process of reflection with a view to submitting suggestions arising from the discussions held, given the fact that the writing mode has been identified by some scholars, between these Marcuschi (2005), as the most privileged in the classroom and in most manuals that guide the teaching of Portuguese Language. In this work, we start from a broader vision from the principles of dialogic pedagogy by Paulo Freire perspectives towards pedagogical practices that favor the development of linguistic and discursive student skills. In this sense, we emphasize the formation of a critical subject, who can argue and defend points of view, using oral or written language, in various social situations. In this view, this paper set up aims to identify, describe and interpret the activities proposed to the oral modality of Portuguese Language, from interactional theoretical bases, based on authors as Marcuschi (2005, 2010), Fávero, Andrade and Aquino (1999) Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), Antunes (2009), among others. In addition, the objective was to suggest other educational activities, as a way of expanding the existing ones, in order that addressed more efficiently, to aspects of orality been proposed and aspects of formal oral genres. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research, in which, from the teaching materials used in the classroom, there was a reflection on the orality and the oral teaching of the Portuguese language and has been proposed an expansion of activities one oral mode. In this reflection, analysis of the results revealed that the books investigated, used in Portuguese classes in EJA, include in their proposals orality as an object and teaching axis. However, we appoint the need to expand the teaching proposals with the existing activities in order to give greater emphasis to important aspects of orality already prioritized, and also to address to the formal public genres. In seeking to make suggestions and educational proposals that integrate with existing, we postulated the most effective development for oral skills for the EJA student, in Freire's perspective, as also we thought in a way to provide subsidies which could guide teachers of the Portuguese Language area at the fundamental level of education.

The use of a magnetic attachment in a removable partial denture of a patient with periodontal tissue loss

O uso dos magnetos em prótese parcial removível é uma alternativa viável para eliminar a estrutura metálica que pode interferir na estética sem perder retenção e estabilidade. Os magnetos podem ser recomendados para pacientes com perda de tecido periodontal, desde que eles diminuam a transmissão de forças ao dente remanescente. O objetivo deste relato de caso clínico foi apresentar uma alternativa de tratamento protético para dentes pilares comprometidos periodontalmente e descrever as vantagens e desvantagens do uso dos magnetos em prótese parcial removível sobre os pontos de vista funcionais, biológicos e estéticos.

A responsabilidade enunciativa em artigos científicos de pesquisadores iniciantes e contribuições para o ensino da produção textual na graduação

This thesis investigates materialization strategies of non-assumption of enunciation responsibility and inscription of an authorial voice in scientific articles produced by initial researchers in Linguistics. The specific focus lays on identify, describe and interpret: i) linguistics marks that assign enunciation responsibility; ii) the positions taken by the first speaker-enunciator (L1/E1) in relation to points of view (PoV) imputed to second enunciators (e2); and iii) the linguistic marks that assign the formulation of themselves' PoV. As a practical deployment, it is proposed to discuss how to teach taking into account text discursive strategies regarding to enunciation responsibility and also authorship in academic and scientific texts. Our research corpus is formed by eight scientific essays and they were selected in a renamed Linguistics scientific magazine which is high evaluated by Qualis/CAPES (Brazil Science Agency). The methodology follows the assumptions of a qualitative research, and an it has such an interpretative basis, even though it takes support in a quantitative approach, too. Theoretically, we based this research on Textual Analysis of Speech and linguistics theories about linguistic enunciation area. The results show two kinds of movements in PoV management: imputation and responsibility. In imputation contexts, the most recursive linguistic marks were reported speech, indirect speech, reported speech with “that”, modalization in reported speech (in enunciation with “according to”, “in agreement with”, “for”), beyond that we see certain points of non-coincidences of speech, specifically the non-coincidence of the speech itself. The way those linguistic marks occur in the text point out three kinds of enunciation positions that are assumed by L1/E1 in relation to PoV of e2: agreement, disagreement and a pseudo neutrality. It was clearly recursive the imputation followed by agreement (explicit or not), this perspective puts other’s voices to defend a speech assumed like own authorship. In speech responsibility contexts, we observed such a formulation of inner PoV that results from theoretical findings undertaken by novice researchers (revealing how he/she interpreted concepts of the theory) or arising from their research data, allowing them to express with more autonomy and without reporting to speeches from e2. Based on those data, we can say that, in text by initial researchers, the authorship is strongly built upon PoV and also dependent from others' words (theory and the scholars quoted there), taking into account that many contexts in which we can observe agreement position, PoV formulations with words taken from e2 and assumed as own words by syntactic integration, the comments about what the other says, the absence of explanations and additions, as well as a data analysis that could show agreement with the theory used to support the work. These results allow us to visualize how initial researcher dialogs with the theoretical enunciation sources he or she takes as support and how he/she displays the status of a subject doing a research and positioning himself/herself as a researcher/author in the scientific field. In assuming the reported speech, when quoting, as a resource that allows the enunciation responsibility and also when doing evidence to the positions of speaker-enunciator in relation do reported PoV, this suggests to a textual-discursive treatment of quoting in academic and scientific text, in a context of teaching that gives attention to the development of communication skills of initial researcher and that can contribute to insert and interact students in the scientific field.

A responsabilidade enunciativa em artigos científicos de pesquisadores iniciantes e contribuições para o ensino da produção textual na graduação

This thesis investigates materialization strategies of non-assumption of enunciation responsibility and inscription of an authorial voice in scientific articles produced by initial researchers in Linguistics. The specific focus lays on identify, describe and interpret: i) linguistics marks that assign enunciation responsibility; ii) the positions taken by the first speaker-enunciator (L1/E1) in relation to points of view (PoV) imputed to second enunciators (e2); and iii) the linguistic marks that assign the formulation of themselves' PoV. As a practical deployment, it is proposed to discuss how to teach taking into account text discursive strategies regarding to enunciation responsibility and also authorship in academic and scientific texts. Our research corpus is formed by eight scientific essays and they were selected in a renamed Linguistics scientific magazine which is high evaluated by Qualis/CAPES (Brazil Science Agency). The methodology follows the assumptions of a qualitative research, and an it has such an interpretative basis, even though it takes support in a quantitative approach, too. Theoretically, we based this research on Textual Analysis of Speech and linguistics theories about linguistic enunciation area. The results show two kinds of movements in PoV management: imputation and responsibility. In imputation contexts, the most recursive linguistic marks were reported speech, indirect speech, reported speech with “that”, modalization in reported speech (in enunciation with “according to”, “in agreement with”, “for”), beyond that we see certain points of non-coincidences of speech, specifically the non-coincidence of the speech itself. The way those linguistic marks occur in the text point out three kinds of enunciation positions that are assumed by L1/E1 in relation to PoV of e2: agreement, disagreement and a pseudo neutrality. It was clearly recursive the imputation followed by agreement (explicit or not), this perspective puts other’s voices to defend a speech assumed like own authorship. In speech responsibility contexts, we observed such a formulation of inner PoV that results from theoretical findings undertaken by novice researchers (revealing how he/she interpreted concepts of the theory) or arising from their research data, allowing them to express with more autonomy and without reporting to speeches from e2. Based on those data, we can say that, in text by initial researchers, the authorship is strongly built upon PoV and also dependent from others' words (theory and the scholars quoted there), taking into account that many contexts in which we can observe agreement position, PoV formulations with words taken from e2 and assumed as own words by syntactic integration, the comments about what the other says, the absence of explanations and additions, as well as a data analysis that could show agreement with the theory used to support the work. These results allow us to visualize how initial researcher dialogs with the theoretical enunciation sources he or she takes as support and how he/she displays the status of a subject doing a research and positioning himself/herself as a researcher/author in the scientific field. In assuming the reported speech, when quoting, as a resource that allows the enunciation responsibility and also when doing evidence to the positions of speaker-enunciator in relation do reported PoV, this suggests to a textual-discursive treatment of quoting in academic and scientific text, in a context of teaching that gives attention to the development of communication skills of initial researcher and that can contribute to insert and interact students in the scientific field.

O plano de texto e as marcas linguísticas da responsabilidade enunciativa no artigo de opinião do vestibular 2010 da UFRN

With this thesis, we investigate papers produced by candidates to the vestibular 2010 from UFRN related to the (non) taking on of different points of view in the textual zone of the argumentation and counter-argumentation. The candidates had to produce an opinion article about the polemic theme of the security cameras. The corpus of this research contents 100 papers produced by the candidates to the vestibular 2010 from different areas (humans I, humans II, technological I, technological II and biomedical). To this study, we are based on theoretical perspectives from authors of different theories and linguistic fields that dialog among them. In this direction, we follow Bakhtin (1995), Rabatel (2008 a, 2008 b), Guentchéva (1994, 1996, 2011) and Rodrigues, Passeggi e Silva Neto (2010), among others, that are concerned to dialogism, enunciative theories, discuss analyzes, and linguistic of the text. This group of linguistic approach is linked to the Textual Analyze of the Discuss (ADAM, 2011), that conducts analyze of the data of this research. Related to the methodology, we follow the qualitative analyze in an interpretative way. We investigate how the candidate, as a writer, takes on information inserted in his/her paper. With this in mind, this research tries to answer the following questions: (1) How the candidate organizes his/her discuss in respect to the enunciative responsibility? (2) Which linguistic marks conduct to identify the different voices in the texts? (3) How the textual plan is presented in the opinion article? (4) In which part of the textual plan is possible to identify the enunciative responsibility? In this sense, the aims of this study are identify, describe, analyze and interpret the different voices presented in the text and the way the candidate takes on (or not) the different points of view presented in the papers during argumentation and counterargumentation movement. In general, the results reveal that the presence of linguistic marks (connectors, people marks, among others) design the grade of enunciative responsibility of the writer, stimulating his/her involving and taking on enunciative responsibility.

Ser-tão de Buriti: o corpo de noturno rumor (a poética de Guimarães Rosa e o pensamento literário contemporâneo)

This thesis is to analyze the fictional texture of Buriti, novella by Guimarães Rosa, which makes part of Corpo do Baile. Gilles Deleuze‘s philosophical background as well as similar theorists such as Mircea Eliade, Derrida, Bataille, Foucault, Blanchot and Nie-tzsche constitute the main reference, as example of Guimarães Rosa‘s problematizing writing, since they present as basic element of thought the desterritorialization of con-cepts, standards and institutionalized knowledge by the dominant literary language. Along with the theoretical perspective of current alterity on these authors, Buriti is crossed by one aesthetics substantiated with a multiplicity of narrative points of view, opening gaps to other non-sacralized, nomadic voices, using polyphony as a way of breaking and destabilizing crystallized truths related to the canons of mother tongue. Interwoven by a poetic side of transgression, the narrative of Buriti finds especially marked by the signs of the backlands and of the night, which rhizomatically point to a sense of infinity, eternity, loneliness, vertigo before the abyssal, evoking the singularity of a ser-tão before the night, "the body of nocturnal rumor." The nights in the backlands in Buriti give rise to the emergence of a state of subjectivity, the ser-tão, whose nature is shown as a space of communion of the various beings that humans put on the same level of other living beings, setting up a sharing cosmic territory, enjoyment between pain and pleasure, between death and life. It is the night in the darkness, the shadows, the ser-tão is exposed, the being in his depth, facing himself with his internal rumors, which project themselves through the noise, the sound amplified by the vastness of the night at the desert backlands. "The backlands is the night." (ROSA, 1988, p.92).

Ser-tão de Buriti: o corpo de noturno rumor (a poética de Guimarães Rosa e o pensamento literário contemporâneo)

This thesis is to analyze the fictional texture of Buriti, novella by Guimarães Rosa, which makes part of Corpo do Baile. Gilles Deleuze‘s philosophical background as well as similar theorists such as Mircea Eliade, Derrida, Bataille, Foucault, Blanchot and Nie-tzsche constitute the main reference, as example of Guimarães Rosa‘s problematizing writing, since they present as basic element of thought the desterritorialization of con-cepts, standards and institutionalized knowledge by the dominant literary language. Along with the theoretical perspective of current alterity on these authors, Buriti is crossed by one aesthetics substantiated with a multiplicity of narrative points of view, opening gaps to other non-sacralized, nomadic voices, using polyphony as a way of breaking and destabilizing crystallized truths related to the canons of mother tongue. Interwoven by a poetic side of transgression, the narrative of Buriti finds especially marked by the signs of the backlands and of the night, which rhizomatically point to a sense of infinity, eternity, loneliness, vertigo before the abyssal, evoking the singularity of a ser-tão before the night, "the body of nocturnal rumor." The nights in the backlands in Buriti give rise to the emergence of a state of subjectivity, the ser-tão, whose nature is shown as a space of communion of the various beings that humans put on the same level of other living beings, setting up a sharing cosmic territory, enjoyment between pain and pleasure, between death and life. It is the night in the darkness, the shadows, the ser-tão is exposed, the being in his depth, facing himself with his internal rumors, which project themselves through the noise, the sound amplified by the vastness of the night at the desert backlands. "The backlands is the night." (ROSA, 1988, p.92).

El autocuidado y apoyo social de mujeres de un proyecto de seguimiento mamográfico en Porto Alegre/Brasil

Objective: Identify preventive self-care practices and analyze the configurations of the network support for women with and without breast cancer registered in a mammography-monitoring project from Porto Alegre/Brazil.Method: a mixed sequential delimitation was performed, which expanded the results of the quantitative step (cross and correlation section) in a qualitative step (narrative interviews). 37 women diagnosed with breast cancer (group 1) and 72 without this diagnosis (group 2 – monitoring) participated. The following instruments were used: Assessment Questionnaire Self-care Ability (ASA-A) and Assessment Questionnaire Perceived Social Support and Community. There were performed descriptive analysis and comparison of means (t test and ANOVA) between the two groups. To deepen the understanding of the data, we selected four women with breast cancer with extreme levels on the scale of Social Support to participate in the biographical narrative interviews.Results: the analysis indicate that women who had breast cancer have better self-care practices than the women from the monitoring project (t = 1.791, P = 0.027). As for the analysis of social support, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. All participants have an average level of perceived social and community support. It was highlighted by the qualitative data that it was after the diagnosis of breast cancer that women lived self-care aspects they had not previously experienced.Conclusions: the self-care was significantly bigger in the group of women with breast cancer, where the cancer diagnosis was a trigger to increase self-care.

Formação do educador no curso de pedagogia de Caicó-RN: reprodução ou transformação social

ARAÚJO, Marta Maria de. Formação do educador no curso de pedagogia de Caicó-RN: reprodução ou transformação social. Porto Alegre, 1985. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Pós-graduação em Educação. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto alegre, 1985

A perceção dos reclusos e profissionais sobre a saúde na prisão: um estudo qualitativo

Ao longo desta dissertação, será apresentada uma investigação qualitativa no domínio da perceção dos reclusos e profissionais sobre a saúde, do Estabelecimento Prisional de Santa Cruz do Bispo, procurando compreender o fenómeno. Pretende-se explorar os diferentes pontos de vista sobre a saúde, incluindo, cuidados e procedimentos por parte dos reclusos e profissionais, analisar e compreender a experiência do recluso quanto ao atendimento das suas necessidades e a sua relação com o profissional, analisar a formação e a equipa técnica no auxílio à saúde, compreender a perceção do técnico e do recluso em relação à saúde e até que ponto isso poderá afetar a forma como são concedidos os cuidados e, por fim, analisar e compreender as representações sobre a saúde na área preventiva e interventiva. Na conceção da dissertação, realizou-se duas entrevistas (uma aplicada aos reclusos e outra aplicada aos profissionais de saúde) semiestruturadas para a exploração e compreensão do tema. Foi esperado, com estas entrevistas, que todos os entrevistados reportem as experiências vividas, permitindo obter resultados sobre os objetivos em análise. Assim, ao longo desta dissertação, poder-se-á refletir sobre as possíveis aplicações práticas no futuro e as potencialidades e limitações do sistema de saúde do Estabelecimento Prisional de Santa Cruz do Bispo.

A relação do branqueamento não vital e a reabsorção cervical externa

A procura pelo padrão estético na Medicina Dentária tem crescido a cada ano, em função da necessidade da população em estar de acordo com os padrões estéticos da sociedade, que ditam dentes brancos, bem contornados e alinhados. O branqueamento para dentes não vitais é um procedimento utilizado há muito tempo e possui vantagens indiscutíveis, como o baixo custo, técnica conservadora e segurança. Porém, há muito tempo que se discute a relação do branqueamento interno com o aparecimento da reabsorção cervical externa. Muitos estudos foram realizados apresentando não só resultados diferentes, mas também pontos de vista diferentes envolvendo assuntos tais como o agente branqueador a ser escolhido e suas concentrações, qual deles possui melhor desempenho e qual o mais seguro. Por isso, essa revisão de literatura teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de tais estudos através de pesquisa na qual foram identificados artigos sobre o tema, publicados em português e inglês e indexados no banco de dados B-on, PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE e LILACS e discutir à luz dos conhecimentos científicos a relação de tal procedimento com o aparecimento da reabsorção cervical externa e quais medidas que podem ser tomadas pelo profissional para minimizar este risco. Diante do exposto, foi verificado que a Reabsorção Cervical Externa é um dos principais efeitos adversos do branqueamento interno, porém, há medidas que devem ser adoptadas pelo profissional para impedir ou minimizar este risco, como a utilização do tampão cervical, a não utilização do condicionamento ácido prévio ao branqueamento e não utilização de fontes de calor. Além disso, se torna muito importante que haja um acompanhamento do caso após o tratamento concluído, pois uma vez que haja o aparecimento da RCE, esta deve ser tratada o mais rápido possível.

Folksonomia: análise das tags no site Last.fm

A partir da web 2.0, com a maior participação do usuário, destaca-se a mudança nas mídias tradicionais, como rádio e televisão, que ganharam caráter social, permitindo a participação do público com algo mais além de só ouvir e ver, mas contribuir das mais diversas maneiras, dente elas está a folksonomia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as tags no site Last.fm por meio do modelo proposto por Sen et al. (2006) que as identifica em três categorias: fatuais, subjetivas e pessoais. Acredita-se que este estudo é importante para compreender como se dá a representação da informação em linguagem livre pelo usuário, assim como considera-se relevante a folksonomia como prática social, democrática e inclusiva que aproxima o usuário da informação. Como hipótese, considerou-se o predomínio de tags subjetivas. A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo-exploratória, e uma abordagem qualiquantitativa. A partir de uma pesquisa do IBOPE (2013), foram escolhidas 12 artistas e 12 músicas como amostra da pesquisa. Analisou-se 1109 tags, com os resultados: 759 (68%) fatuais; 232 (21%) subjetivas; 85 (8%) pessoais e 33 (3%) com tipologia não-identificada, desta maneira a hipótese de predomínio de tags subjetivas foi refutada. Como um desdobramento do modelo de Sen et al. (2006), distribuiu-se as tags em categorias descritivas, adaptadas do modelo de Laplante (2015), que mostraram que os gêneros/estilos musicais são predominantes da descrição dos itens. Conclui-se que mesmo com o predomínio de tags fatuais e de gêneros/estilos musicais, nem sempre a representação contida nessas etiquetas é fidedigna à realidade descritiva do item, contudo a folksonomia tem a contribuir com novos pontos de vista e de pensar uma informação.

Formação do educador no curso de pedagogia de Caicó-RN: reprodução ou transformação social

ARAÚJO, Marta Maria de. Formação do educador no curso de pedagogia de Caicó-RN: reprodução ou transformação social. Porto Alegre, 1985. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Pós-graduação em Educação. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto alegre, 1985