The ethics of ethical debates in peace and conflict research: Notes towards the development of a research covenant

This article outlines the case for peace and conflict researchers to formulate a research covenant to better shape their ethical obligations and responsibilities. This is an urgent necessity given that ethical debates have in some proponents become emotive and are not conducted in an ethical manner. In coming to this assessment, the article reviews trends in the research ethics literature and draws out some of the generic issues addressed in a review of the personal reflexivity that an assortment of individual peace and conflict researchers have engaged in when recounting their fieldwork experiences. These generic issues are reformulated in an attempt to codify appropriate ethical practice in peace and conflict research, and they go towards determining the contents of the research covenant. It is suggested that the research covenant is a more ethical way to debate the ethics of peace and conflict research.

Ecogeography of roe deer: relation with other ungulates in sympatry

Understanding the spatial distribution of organisms is a central topic in ecology. The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population is in Portugal and Norway at the southwestern and northern edge of its distribution, respectively. Understanding the factors that act on these populations enlightens both local aspects concerning their conservation and wider scale aspects of the species bioclimatic envelope, which is crucial for being better able to predict the impacts of environmental change. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate roe deer distribution in Portugal and Norway, two countries with contrasting landscapes, seasonality and with different anthropogenic pressure. The interspecific relationship with sympatric ungulates was also analysed. By using pellet group counts, we investigated habitat use of roe deer, identifying the major environmental descriptors, to understand the importance of forest structure, vegetation characteristics, landscape structure and human disturbance on their distribution. The analyses were based on presence – absence data and were carried out at two spatial scales. The results showed that habitat use of roe deer was different across countries. In Portugal, at the local scale, roe deer distribution was positively associated with high density of shrubs, especially heather and brambles, while the presence of red deer had a negative effect on their distribution. At a broad scale, roe deer was negatively associated with spatial heterogeneity, namely mean shape index and made less use of areas close to agricultural fields. In Norway, at the local scale, roe deer made more use of areas with high cover of deciduous trees and patches containing juniper and Vaccinium sp.. At a broad scale, roe deer use patches near edges between fields and forest. In both countries, roe deer make use of areas further away from roads. While in Norway roe deer in both summer and winter are always close to houses, in Portugal they are either far (summer) or indifferent (winter). Anthropogenic disturbance is better tolerated in Norway, where the importance of the critical season seems to be higher. Human disturbance may contribute to roe deer habitat loss in Portugal, while roe deer are able to persist close to humans in managed landscapes in Norway. In fact, some of the differences observed could be more due to the indirect impacts of human exploitation (e.g. presence of free-ranging dogs and hunting regulation) rather than the actual human presence or land-use per se. I conclude that the methodology and tools developed here are readily expandable to address similar questions in different contexts. Wildlife management would benefit greatly from a more holistic/integrative approach and that should include human aspects, as human disturbance is expected to continue increasing.

Private versus public : how one gay professor negotiates the boundaries between his personal and professional lives /

This study examined how one university professor negotiated the boundaries between his personal life as a gay man and his professional life as a teacher. Using his sexual orientation as a focal point, the study explored the circumstances and underlying assumptions that influenced this professor's decisions to disclose information of a personal nature. Data collection was solicited from a number of sources: (a) In-depth interviews with the participant, his colleagues, students, and friends; (b) Field observation of the participant teaching over a 3 -day period; and (c) A document review of lesson plans, course outlines, student feedback forms, and the participant's teaching portfolio. The researcher maintained both observation journals and reflective journals during this process. Data analysis using the constant comparative method elicited several themes. The participant engaged in a variety of strategies in disclosing his sexual orientation that included: (a) no disclosure at all, (b) assuming people knew, (c) casually mentioning it in conversation, and (d) deliberately planning to tell someone. The participant also engaged in an ongoing assessment of his environment that included evaluating the level of risk in disclosing his sexual orientation and assessing the listener's ability to receive the information. The participant cited numerous reasons for disclosing his sexual orientation. Further inquiry revealed a number of belief systems that underlined these reasons. These belief systems included beliefs around privacy, authenticity, teaching, manners, professionalism, and homosexuality. The conclusions suggested that the participant utilized a consistent process in both his personal and professional lives to determine what information was kept private and what information was made public. While the process used to determine the degree of disclosure was consistent, the actual disclosures themselves varied widely in nature.

A biochemical predictor of performance during mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of starch wastewater

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of biochemical parameters, such as enzyme activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, as monitors of process performance in the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor utilizing a starch wastewater. The acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and the ATP content of the UASB sludge were measured in response to changes in flow rate and nutrient loading. Conventional parameters of process performance, such as gas production, acetic acid production, COD, phosphorus, nitrogen and suspended solids loadings and % COD removal were also monitored. The response of both biochemical and conventional parameters to changing process conditions was then compared. Alkaline phosphatase activity exhibited the highest activity over the entire study perioda A high suspended solids loading was observed to upset the system in terms of gas production, acetic acid production and % COD removala The initial rate of increase in alkaline phosphatase activity following an increase in loading was four times as great during process upset than under conditions of good performance. The change in enzyme actiVity was also more sensitive to process upset than changes in acetic acid production. The change in ATP content of the sludge with time suggested that enzyme actiVity was changing independently of the actual viable biomass present. The bacterial composition of the anaerobic sludge granules was similar to that of other sludge bed systems, at the light and scanning electron microscope level. Isolated serum bottle cultures produced several acids involved in anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism. The overall performance of the UASB system indicated that higher loadings of soluble nutrients could have been tolerated by the system.

Estrategia de negociación para la exportación de servicios de salud de Colombia hacia Estados Unidos en el marco del Tratado de Libre Comercio, TLC.

Se busca a través del estudio del sector de servicios de salud colombiano, como elemento que ayude a clarificar y ejemplificar la teoría, crear una guía que permita desarrollar una estrategia de negociación con el fin de insertar el sector en el mercado estadounidense dentro del marco del TLC.

Gerencia de un proyecto de un sistema para administración del efecto en Bancafé

El Proyecto consiste en la reestructuración de los procedimientos actualesapoyados en la implementación de un sistema de información, conformado pormódulos, que controle los niveles de efectivo, su recolección y entrega hacia ydesde las oficinas, los centros de efectivo y las transportador

La incidencia del ALCA en la competitividad de las exportaciones industriales colombianas

Explicar el comportamiento de las exportaciones en el período entre 1994 y 2002 y confrontarlo con la variable del WCY. Con este análisis se puede establecer si las cifras oficiales corroboran o no la evolución del indicador de competitividad

Opciones para un manejo apropiado del conocimiento tradicional en un marco multilateral

Se pretende con este trabajo observar, estudiar y analizar posibles soluciones y opciones para un manejo apropiado del conocimiento tradicional donde se garantice el reconocimiento de los derechos colectivos en el campo de la propiedad intelectual.

Sistema de evaluaci??n y registro del comportamiento adaptativo en el retraso mental : West Virginia-UAM

Contiene: Manual de Instrucciones, Tres cuentos; El sem??foro loco, Cuando salgo a jugar, La gallina verde, un peri??dico; Comunidad Escolar, 16 carpetas de l??minas, un paquete de hojas de ferfil, un paquete de hojas de observaci??n, 49 cuadernillos de respuestas, 2 cajas de varios objetos, 3 cuadernos, 3 cartulinas, l??minas de papel cebolla, papel de lija, una bomba de aire, un reloj, una pelota, un aro, 2 esponjas

GCSE History AQA B : modern world history.

Es un recurso para la preparación del examen del General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE) que reúne una serie de características que ayudan a clarificar el contenido de las unidades temáticas. Estas características son: fuentes históricas; problemas historiográficos sobre el tema; y un apartado para expresar la opinión personal sobre importantes debates de un asunto histórico. También, se incluye otro recuadro que permite hacer averiguaciones propias sobre hechos históricos; y por último, un esquema con los principales temas y problemas de cada período con identificación de los puntos clave para su comprensión, y un resumen sobre un tema específico con argumentos a favor y en contra.

GCSE History AQA B : modern world history. Teacher guide.

Este recurso para el profesor sigue la estructura del libro del alumno, que prepara para el examen del General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE). Contiene notas para el docente, planificación de clases y hojas de trabajo diferenciadas pero que pueden personalizarse y adaptarse a cada clase. Se acompaña de un CD-ROM.

The slave trade : should Britain pay compensation for the slave trade?

Estudia el comercio de esclavos, a través de barcos británicos, entre África y América en el siglo XVIII y el movimiento abolicionista como uno de los primeros movimientos modernos de protesta.Para ello utiliza los relatos de primera mano de personajes de la serie de televisión Raíces y fuentes históricas. Se adapta a la etapa clave 3 (key stage 3) de secundaria para historia del programa nacional de estudios.

O regresso do religioso : afirmação, crítica, subversão e profecia

Em sintonia com o espírito do sapere aude kantiano (ouse ou atreva-se a saber), mas tendo em Nietzsche e Heidegger a ausência de um centro absoluto ou o lieu vide que o iluminismo foi incapaz de domesticar, reconhecer e incarnar, este breve texto procura explicar o regresso do religioso, o seu significado e algumas das suas mais imediatas implicações políticas, sócio-económicas e teológicas, depois que este começou a ser debatido há cerca de duas d��cadas em Capri (Itália), e com uma constante referência ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, e a alguns dos seus mais importante intérpretes, nestas áreas, como John D. Caputo, Jeremy Carrette e outros. Sem poder negar ou afirmar a possibilidade de Deus, o artigo sugere uma nova forma de conceber e de corporizar uma relação pós-moderna entre o humano e o divino, livre de qualquer dualismo, e manifesta numa constante afirmação e subversão de nós mesmos, pela prática do diálogo livre e aberto com o tout autre em cada rosto.