The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 at Sixty Years, Liberal Reform, and the Search for a Useable Past

The story of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution at sixty years remains contested. The current center-right government led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán at once embraces the Revolution and yet at the same time trumpets the failure of the liberal states of the West. Hungarians are encouraged to view the authoritarian politics of Vladmir Putin as a successful model worthy of emulation. In this light the liberal state envisioned by many of the revolutionaries, let alone the liberal state expected by the European Union stands in contrast with one of the principal tenets of the ruling FIDESz/Christian Democrat (KDNP) coalition. At the same time, the current yearning for an illiberal state accords with a strand of desire more akin to those who supported Cardinal Mindszenty during the Revolution and by extension his sympathy for the authoritarian regime of Miklós Horthy.

Trends in NE Atlantic landings (southern Portugal): identifying the relative importance of fisheries and environmental variables

Time series of commercial landings from the Algarve (southern Portugal) from 1982 to 1999 were analyzed using min/max autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). These techniques were used to identify trends and explore the relationships between the response variables (annual landings of 12 species) and explanatory variables [sea surface temperature, rainfall, an upwelling index, Guadiana river (south-east Portugal) flow, the North Atlantic oscillation, the number of licensed fishing vessels and the number of commercial fishermen]. Landings were more highly correlated with non-lagged environmental variables and in particular with Guadiana river flow. Both techniques gave coherent results, with the most important trend being a steady decline over time. A DFA model with two explanatory variables (Guadiana river flow and number of fishermen) and three common trends (smoothing functions over time) gave good fits to 10 of the 12 species. Results of other models indicated that river flow is the more important explanatory variable in this model. Changes in the mean flow and discharge regime of the Guadiana river resulting from the construction of the Alqueva dam, completed in 2002, are therefore likely to have a significant and deleterious impact on Algarve fisheries landings.

La ricerca archeologica e il regime dei ritrovamenti e delle scoperte nel sottosuolo e nei fondali marini. La disciplina del Codice tra attuazione e prospettive di riforma anche alla luce di un'analisi comparativa con l'esperienza francese e spagnola.

Il lavoro è volto all’approfondimento, anche in chiave comparatistica, della vigente normativa riguardante la tutela e la valorizzazione dei beni archeologici. Nell’ambito della disciplina predisposta nell’ordinamento italiano si sono prese le mosse dal regime delle scoperte e dei ritrovamenti, per passare successivamente all’approfondimento della tutela approntata nella legislazione nazionale anche con riferimento alle limitazioni alla libera disponibilità e circolazione. Una particolare attenzione è stata dedicata alla tutela del territorio in cui i beni archeologici sono inseriti e quindi alla tutela indiretta, ai vincoli ope legis e alla pianificazione paesaggistica, mentre una specifica trattazione ha riguardato il regime dell’archeologia preventiva e la valorizzazione e fruizione di aree e parchi archeologici nel reciproco interfacciarsi delle legislazioni regionali e delle linee guida emanate con il d.m. MiBAC 18 aprile 2012. Un’indagine articolata ha avuto per oggetto la tutela del patrimonio archeologico subacqueo e in particolare la Convenzione dell’UNESCO adottata a Parigi nel 2001, nonché la tutela sovranazionale dei beni culturali, con riferimento alla disciplina dell’Unione europea e a quella della Convenzione europea per la protezione del patrimonio archeologico del 16 gennaio 1992 e della Convenzione UNIDROIT del 24 giugno 1995 sui beni culturali rubati o esportati illegalmente. Hanno infine fatto seguito due specifiche indagini sulla tutela del patrimonio archeologico in Spagna e in Francia. Quanto alla prima si è esaminato l’attuale quadro costituzionale in cui si inserisce la tutela del patrimonio culturale con particolare attenzione alle disposizioni della Ley 16/1985 del 25 giugno 1985 e alla legislazione delle Comunidades autónomas. Per quanto riguarda la seconda una particolare attenzione è stata dedicata alla Legge 27 settembre 1941 che ha introdotto in Francia la prima disciplina organica relativa agli scavi e ai ritrovamenti archeologici. Nel quadro normativo vigente un’analisi particolareggiata è stata dedicata al Code du Patrimoine, il cui quinto libro è interamente dedicato all’archeologia.

Combined External Pressure And Cu-substitution Studies On Bafe2as2 Single Crystals.

We report a combined study of external pressure and Cu-substitution on BaFe2As2 single crystals grown by the in-flux technique. At ambient pressure, the Cu-substitution is known to suppress the spin density wave (SDW) phase in pure BaFe2As2(TSDW ≈ 140 K) and to induce a superconducting (SC) dome with a maximum transition temperature [Formula: see text]. This [Formula: see text] is much lower than the Tc ∼ 15-28 K achieved in the case of Ru, Ni and Co substitutions. Such a lower Tc is attributed to a Cu(2+) magnetic pair-breaking effect. The latter is strongly suppressed by applied pressure, as shown herein, Tc can be significantly enhanced by applying high pressures. In this work, we investigated the pressure effects on Cu(2+) magnetic pair-breaking in the BaFe2-xCuxAs2 series. Around the optimal concentration (xopd = 0.11), all samples showed a substantial increase of Tc as a function of pressure. Yet for those samples with a slightly higher doping level (over-doped regime), Tc presented a dome-like shape with maximum Tc ≃ 8 K. Remarkably interesting, the under-doped samples, e.g. x = 0.02 display a maximum pressure induced Tc ≃ 30 K which is comparable to the maximum Tc's found for the pure compound under external pressures. Furthermore, the magnetoresistance effect as a function of pressure in the normal state of the x = 0.02 sample also presented an evolution consistent with the screening of the Cu(2+) local moments. These findings demonstrate that the Cu(2+) magnetic pair-breaking effect is completely suppressed by applying pressure in the low concentration regime of Cu(2+) substituted BaFe2As2.

Ressonância não linear de uma bússola em campos magnéticos

Fenômenos oscilatórios e ressonantes são explorados em vários cursos experimentais de física. Em geral os experimentos são interpretados no limite de pequenas oscilações e campos uniformes. Neste artigo descrevemos um experimento de baixo custo para o estudo da ressonância em campo magnético da agulha de uma bússola fora dos limites acima. Nesse caso, termos não lineares na equação diferencial são responsáveis por fenômenos interessantes de serem explorados em laboratórios didáticos.

Defects in vesicle core induced by Escherichia coli dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate during the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. In rapidly proliferating mammalian cells, pyrimidine salvage pathway is insufficient to overcome deficiencies in that pathway for nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, as certain parasites lack salvage enzymes, relying solely on the de novo pathway, DHODH inhibition has turned out as an efficient way to block pyrimidine biosynthesis. Escherichia coli DHODH (EcDHODH) is a class 2 DHODH, found associated to cytosolic membranes through an N-terminal extension. We used electronic spin resonance (ESR) to study the interaction of EcDHODH with vesicles of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine/detergent. Changes in vesicle dynamic structure induced by the enzyme were monitored via spin labels located at different positions of phospholipid derivatives. Two-component ESR spectra are obtained for labels 5- and 1 0-phosphatidylcholine in presence of EcDHODH, whereas other probes show a single-component spectrum. The appearance of an additional spectral component with features related to fast-motion regime of the probe is attributed to the formation of a defect-like structure in the membrane hydrophobic region. This is probably the mechanism used by the protein to capture quinones used as electron acceptors during catalysis. The use of specific spectral simulation routines allows us to characterize the ESR spectra in terms of changes in polarity and mobility around the spin-labeled phospholipids. We believe this is the first report of direct evidences concerning the binding of class 2 DHODH to membrane systems.

Nonlinear transport and oscillating magnetoresistance in double quantum wells

The nonlinear regime of low-temperature magnetoresistance of double quantum wells in the region of magnetic fields below 1 T is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The observed inversion of the magnetointersubband oscillation peaks with increasing electric current and splitting of these peaks are described by the theory based on the kinetic equation for the isotropic nonequilibrium part of electron distribution function. The inelastic-scattering time of electrons is determined from the current dependence of the inversion field.

Gravitational wave recoil in Robinson-Trautman spacetimes

We consider the gravitational recoil due to nonreflection-symmetric gravitational wave emission in the context of axisymmetric Robinson-Trautman spacetimes. We show that regular initial data evolve generically into a final configuration corresponding to a Schwarzschild black hole moving with constant speed. For the case of (reflection-)symmetric initial configurations, the mass of the remnant black hole and the total energy radiated away are completely determined by the initial data, allowing us to obtain analytical expressions for some recent numerical results that have appeared in the literature. Moreover, by using the Galerkin spectral method to analyze the nonlinear regime of the Robinson-Trautman equations, we show that the recoil velocity can be estimated with good accuracy from some asymmetry measures (namely the first odd moments) of the initial data. The extension for the nonaxisymmetric case and the implications of our results for realistic situations involving head-on collision of two black holes are also discussed.

Photonic Band Gaps in One-Dimensionally Ordered Cold Atomic Vapors

We experimentally investigate the Bragg reflection of light at one-dimensionally ordered atomic structures by using cold atoms trapped in a laser standing wave. By a fine-tuning of the periodicity, we reach the regime of multiple reflection due to the refractive index contrast between layers, yielding an unprecedented high reflectance efficiency of 80%. This result is explained by the occurrence of a photonic band gap in such systems, in accordance with previous predictions.

Exotic phases induced by strong spin-orbit coupling in ordered double perovskites

We construct and analyze a microscopic model for insulating rocksalt ordered double perovskites, with the chemical formula A(2)BB'O(6), where the B' atom has a 4d(1) or 5d(1) electronic configuration and forms a face-centered-cubic lattice. The combination of the triply degenerate t(2g) orbital and strong spin-orbit coupling forms local quadruplets with an effective spin moment j=3/2. Moreover, due to strongly orbital-dependent exchange, the effective spins have substantial biquadratic and bicubic interactions (fourth and sixth order in the spins, respectively). This leads, at the mean-field level, to three main phases: an unusual antiferromagnet with dominant octupolar order, a ferromagnetic phase with magnetization along the [110] direction, and a nonmagnetic but quadrupolar ordered phase, which is stabilized by thermal fluctuations and intermediate temperatures. All these phases have a two-sublattice structure described by the ordering wave vector Q=2 pi(001). We consider quantum fluctuations and argue that in the regime of dominant antiferromagnetic exchange, a nonmagnetic valence-bond solid or quantum-spin-liquid state may be favored instead. Candidate quantum-spin-liquid states and their basic properties are described. We also address the effect of single-site anisotropy driven by lattice distortions. Existing and possible future experiments are discussed in light of these results.

Scanning tunneling microscope operating as a spin diode

We theoretically investigate spin-polarized transport in a system composed of a ferromagnetic scanning-tunneling-microscope (STM) tip coupled to an adsorbed atom (adatom) on a host surface. Electrons can tunnel directly from the tip to the surface or via the adatom. Since the tip is ferromagnetic and the host surface (metal or semiconductor) is nonmagnetic we obtain a spin-diode effect when the adatom is in the regime of single occupancy. This effect leads to an unpolarized current for direct bias (V > 0) and polarized current for reverse (V < 0) bias voltages, if the tip is nearby the adatom. Within the nonequilibrium Keldysh technique we analyze the interplay between the lateral displacement of the tip and the intra adatom Coulomb interaction on the spin-diode effect. As the tip moves away from the adatom the spin-diode effect vanishes and the currents become polarized for both V > 0 and V < 0. We also find an imbalance between the up and down spin populations in the adatom, which can be tuned by the tip position and the bias. Finally, due to the presence of the adsorbate on the surface, we observe spin-resolved Friedel oscillations in the current, which reflects the oscillations in the calculated local density of states (LDOS) of the subsystem surface + adatom.

Time-reversal test for stochastic quantum dynamics

The calculation of quantum dynamics is currently a central issue in theoretical physics, with diverse applications ranging from ultracold atomic Bose-Einstein condensates to condensed matter, biology, and even astrophysics. Here we demonstrate a conceptually simple method of determining the regime of validity of stochastic simulations of unitary quantum dynamics by employing a time-reversal test. We apply this test to a simulation of the evolution of a quantum anharmonic oscillator with up to 6.022×1023 (Avogadro's number) of particles. This system is realizable as a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice, for which the time-reversal procedure could be implemented experimentally.

Wall mediated transport in confined spaces: Exact theory for low density

We present a theory for the transport of molecules adsorbed in slit and cylindrical nanopores at low density, considering the axial momentum gain of molecules oscillating between diffuse wall reflections. Good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations is obtained over a wide range of pore sizes, including the regime of single-file diffusion where fluid-fluid interactions are shown to have a negligible effect on the collective transport coefficient. We show that dispersive fluid-wall interactions considerably attenuate transport compared to classical hard sphere theory.

Do ICMS ao IVA: a quest??o das transa????es interestaduais no Brasil dos anos 90

O trabalho examina as estat??sticas produzidas pelos Estados acerca das transa????es, submetidas ou n??o ?? incid??ncia do ICMS, realizadas entre eles no ano de 1999. Comparam se os resultados com dados anteriores, relativos ao ano de 1985. O objetivo ?? compreender o significado dessas transa????es para a arrecada????o do imposto, especialmente no momento em que se avizinha, no ??mbito da reforma tribut??ria, a mudan??a no princ??pio de tributa????o, do ???misto???, preponderante atualmente, para o ???de destino???. As estat??sticas produzidas a partir de 1997, em raz??o do processo de discuss??o da reforma tribut??ria, s??o examinadas sobretudo com vistas ?? mudan??a no regime de distribui????o da receita entre as unidades federadas. O trabalho indica, sumariamente, as caracter??sticas relacionadas com as transa????es interestaduais, previstas no debate, para o principal imposto brasileiro ??? o ICMS.

Tentativas e perspectiva de forma????o de uma burocracia p??blica no Brasil

An??lise da quest??o da forma????o da burocracia p??blica no Brasil, desde a cria????o do Conselho Federal do Servi??o P??blico Civil em 1936 at?? as condi????es dadas pela Constitui????o Federal de 5 de outubro de 1988. Perspectivas e dificuldades de sua consolida????o na situa????o atual. As experi??ncias ocorridas no per??odo: o Estado Novo, o processo de Redemocratiza????o de 1946, o governo Kubitschek, o Movimento de 1964 e as grandes reformas sob o Decreto-Lei n?? 200, de 1967, a crise dos anos 80, a Constitui????o de 1988 e a Administra????o P??blica sob a Carta atual. Discuss??o dos temas em debate no momento sobre a quest??o da Administra????o P??blica: estabilidade, regime jur??dico, concurso p??blico, previd??ncia.