Inclusão escolar do aluno com deficiência física: contribuições da Terapia Ocupacional

The inclusive school consists of a school that thoroughly attends the diversity and, therefore, students with special educational needs, including the ones with physical dysfunction. The objective of this study was to identify the difficulties of a teacher in the process of school inclusion of the student with physical dysfunction in order to adapt learning resources, having adequate school furniture and to guide the teacher in specific situations. A teacher of early childhood education participated in this study. For data collection two half-structuralized interviews were used. The first obtained information concerning the teacher’s difficulties due to the motor aspects of the student with difficulty to access the curriculum. The second interview gathered information about the teacher’s perception of the partnership between the occupational therapist and the teacher in the perspective of the inclusive education. The data analysis of the first interview and the student case-study allowed elaborating occupational therapy strategies to minimize these difficulties.After elaborating the strategies, a second interview was performed. The data of this interview showed that based on the analysis and adequacy of the interaction between a person’s functional demands, the task and the environment, make it possible for the student to overcome satisfactorily the inherent challenges of the educational context, and detached the importance of the partnership of the teacher and occupational therapist in the whole process. It concludes that the pupil incapacity would not have manifested if there was an adequate environment to receive him.

O relacionamento fraterno na presença da deficiência

This research was developed during four years, in different regions of the country. Its purpose was to better understand the possible influences that handicapped siblings have on the development of non- handicapped siblings. Participated in the study 80 siblings, with ages ranging between 14 and 26 years. There were 20 siblings of physical handicapped (PH), 20 siblings of auditory handicapped (AH), 20 of mental handicapped (MH), and 20 of non handicapped, in number and ages equivalent.The participants answered a questionnaire containing “characteristics of handicapped person”, “characteristics of respondent sibling”, “characteristics of family”, a questionnaire with eleven closed questions and one open, but for the control group there was on less question. The phenomena studied in this research in some situations present themselves differently for each group of respondent sibling (ex: greater concern of the parents with the MH sibling, calling attention more for siblings of PH and MH, more responsibility in the family, taking care of the handicapped sibling, fear of having handicapped children, and the perception of (in) dependency of the handicapped sibling) and in others present themselves in similar manner (ex: more concern of the parents with the brother with PH, nature of the relationship, to feel or not ashamed of the sibling, talking about the sibling development). In conclusion, some phenomena, so far socially perceived as causing differences in sibling relations and attributed to de presence of a handicap are not, since between siblings of non handicapped these same phenomena present themselves in a similar way. Differently from the control group, siblings of handicapped need correct information, as well as therapeutic support to elaborate feelings of fear, anger, shame that they may have due to their condition. It is important to stress, also, the need that these siblings have to be themselves without the stigma of sibling of handicapped.

Tecnologia assistiva: analisando espaços de acessibilidade às pessoas com deficiência visual em universidades públicas

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Imagem corporal de pessoas com deficiência física: atletas e não atletas

Imagem corporal é um construto multifacetado que une desde a percepção até as atitudes das pessoas sobre seu próprio corpo e compreende o conceito que cada pessoa tem de seu corpo e a sua representação mental. A deficiência física e a construção negativa da imagem corporal pode fazer com que o auto-conceito do indivíduo também fique negativo, ampliando valores estigmatizantes, preconceituosos e que reforçam sentimentos de inferioridade, baixa auto-estima, exclusão social e depressão. A prática regular de exercício físico além de propiciar a reabilitação oferece benefícios para a saúde com vantagens fisiológicas (e.g. prevenção e redução de efeitos de doenças como diabetes, hipertensão, cardiopatia e osteoporose) e vantagens psico-sociais (e.g. redução de estresse, melhora na auto-estima e imagem corporal). A imagem corporal freqüentemente está associada com atitudes alimentares uma vez que distorções na imagem podem ser sintomas de distúrbios alimentares. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar se distúrbios alimentares e alterações na imagem corporal tem relação com a prática esportiva por pessoas com deficiência física. Foram avaliados 22 atletas praticantes de basquete sobre rodas (32 ± 9 anos) e 22 deficientes físicos não atletas (35 ± 11 anos). A avaliação de atitudes alimentares foi realizada pelo Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT 26 - Eating Attitude Test. Garner e Garfinkel, 1979) e avaliação da imagem corporal foi realizada pelo Questionário de Imagem Corporal (BSQ – Body Shape Questionnaire. Cooper et al, 1987) e pelo Questionário sobre Deficiência Física e Estima Corporal (PDBEQ – George Taleporos et al, 2002). Os resultados apontaram menor distúrbio da imagem corporal, porém com ausência de problemas alimentares para os participantes atletas praticantes de basquete... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Sexualidade e deficiência física: reabilitação e terapia sexual de lesados medulares

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A importância das relações familiares para a sexualidade e a autoestima de pessoas com deficiência física

O artigo trata de uma reflexão sobre o impacto da deficiência adquirida na vida da pessoa e a importância das relações familiares e afetivas como condições importantes para a reestruturação emocional e o resgate da autoestima a partir de uma nova imagem corporal marcada pela deficiência física. Parte-se do pressuposto que a deficiência é um fenômeno social que atinge, sobretudo, os aspectos psicológicos do indivíduo deficiente. O desenvolvimento da autoestima da pessoa com deficiência dependerá de relações sociais e eróticas favoráveis, tanto na família quanto em outras instituições, assim como de condições adequadas, que devem ser favorecidas pela sociedade inclusiva, visando desenvolver para esses sujeitos aceitação social, integração, independência e autonomia.

Tentativa católica de modernidade: o conceito de pessoa humana e sua realização histórica (1960-1980)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

A música associada às necessidades terapêuticas de pacientes com deficiência

The use of music and/or its elements (instruments, sound, rhythm, melody and harmony) in environments with people attended by public health centers, aims at promoting communication, facilitating the expression and the relationship in the first contact, hence favoring organization of standards and other relevant therapeutic objectives to assist physical, mental, social and cognitive needs of people, thus promoting the process of environmental adaptation, behavioral conditioning and social inclusion. The purpose of this project is to use music and its sound elements, as well as recreational activities, developed in stages called: socialization session, art workshop and complementary activities, with patients assisted at CAOE (Disabled People Dental Care Center) and their relatives. The objective is to provide them psychological wellbeing, inclusion to physical space, relaxation, stimulation of rhythmic and sonorous perceptions, memorization, emotions externalization, help and encouragement for the development of motor coordination during their daily activities of daily. Recreational activities, handling and contacting with musical instruments, broadcasting and producing sounds, stimulate cognitive capacity, interactivity and entertainment activities can greatly contribute to improve the behavioral reaction and adaptation of these patients, during their dental treatment.

Humanização na assistência odontológica de pessoas com deficiência, através do projeto Cão Cidadão-Unesp

The Araçatuba School of Dentistry along with the Veterinary Medical Course, both from UNESP, develop the Extension Project called “Cão Cidadão UNESP” (Unesp Citizen Dog), which is accomplished in some assistance societies, including the Dental Assistance Center to Persons with Disabilities (“Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência” - CAOE-UNESP). This project develops a multidisciplinary work involving professionals and students from health sciences. The project aims at developing activities to relieve stress, fear and anxiety of patients with disabilities in the moment that precedes the dental treatment. The team performs procedures such as walking with the dogs and patients, toothbrushing the dogs so the patients can see it, in order to learn and motivate themselves, dressing the dogs with some accessories such as white clothes, mask and cap, to associate with image of the dentist, making this relationship more pleasant and welcoming. It is evidenced, through reports of professionals, that the patients become calmer and more collaborative with the dentists, distracting them from the treatment focus and creating a positive bond. It should be noted that this experience has contributed to motivate the professionals to introduce new techniques for dental approach, such as Animal Assisted Therapy. It also shows that animals can be very helpful in treating people with disabilities, because they offer a lot of love, companionship and provide moments of joy and happiness to the participants.

Reflexões sobre a importância da assistência odontológica preventiva e do adequado treinamento dos Cirurgiões Dentistas para o atendimento de pessoas com deficiência

People with disabilities require special dental care according to the type of disability, degree of involvement of intellectual and motor complications, such individuals may have dental problems that require specific training of the dentist. The objective of this study was a literature review emphasizing the need for early and preventive dental treatment for people with disabilities and training and technical knowledge necessary for quality service performed by the dentist. The literature review was conducted primarily using articles published nationally, to establish the development of dentistry for special patients in Brazil, thus emphasizing some policies and measures adopted in certain areas of the country. It was concluded that preventive care is essential and that the projects of health promotion are important facilitators of social inclusion and provide increased success in dental care. Technical training of professionals is extremely important, therefore, be important to trace an appropriate treatment plan and establish communication with the multidisciplinary team involved in patient care.

A empregabilidade das pessoas com deficiência: uma análise da inclusão social no mercado de trabalho do município de Bauru, SP

Based on the precepts of social inclusion, this research objected to examine the employment of people with disability(PWD), according to decree nº 3.298 which establishes hiring quotas for PWD in companies with 100 or moreemployees. Interviews were made with employees of HR departments in 12 different companies located in the westside of the state of São Paulo, based on a structured script. All the interviews were transcripted and gathered inanalysis categories. The results showed that one third of private companies comply with the regulation foremployment of PWD. Corporate policies prioritize hiring of people whose disabilities do not demand structuralmodifications in the work environment, or those whose disabilities represent a positive aspect for production lines.The majority of the interviewed understand disabilities as an individual phenomenon. Although they have talkedabout equal rights for everyone, the majority of them do not present a consistent speech based on the precepts ofsocial inclusion, for they fail to promote actions for supporting the population with disabilities and expecting thatthose with disabilities are the ones responsible to adjust themselves to all imposed conditions.

Importância da avaliação do desempenho aquático das pessoas com deficiência inseridas em aulas de natação para iniciação do treinamento paralímpico

Este trabalho aborda a natação para a pessoa com deficiência (PCD), tendo como objetivo verificar o nível de desempenho aquático de participantes do projeto de ensino de natação adaptada. Destacamos o intuito de avaliar a perspectiva de início de um treinamento paralímpico em natação. Foram analisados 14 usuá- rios da Sorri-Bauru, vinculados a um programa de iniciação, quanto ao seu nível de desempenho na água. Verificamos que a grande maioria ainda encontra-se em fase inicial da aprendizagem dos estilos, onde a respiração e a autonomia no meio líquido ainda necessitam ser amplamente dominadas. Porém, a partir dos resultados é possível propor o início do processo de treinamento criando um vínculo entre a PCD e o professor/técnico e que sejam respeitadas as limitações e potencialidades dos participantes.

Educação Sexual para pessoas com Deficiência Física

People with disabilities are sexual and they need clarifying and sexual education. This article describes an intervention program in sexual education for people with disabilities that have objective by: a) transmit a broad notion and emancipatory of sexuality, b) clarify and inform about education and sexual repression, c) reflect about changes in body image of the person’s self-esteem with disability and implications in sexuality and d) discuss about the social belief that disability is an impediment to sexuality. The program was done in ten weekly meetings of two hours of duration and it is used of pedagogical resources such as group dynamics, videos and images. The young people participated actively, discussing and reflecting about social issues of sexuality. Concludes that the population stigmatized by disability lacks of clarifying and reflections about social construction of sexuality and of disability and that opportunities of group reflections on sexual education process for this population are fundamental in inclusive society.

Percepção de competência na execução de atividades realizadas por escolares com e sem deficiência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A proteção parental no direito do trabalho à luz da ética e da proteção da dignidade integral da pessoa humana

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS