Patrick Moore, Arthur C. Clarke and ‘British Outer Space’ in the mid 20th century

This article seeks to explore a notion of 'British outer space' in the mid 20th century with reference to the British Interplanetary Society and the works of Patrick Moore and Arthur C. Clarke. Geographies of outer space have been examined following early work by Denis Cosgrove on the Apollo space photographs. Cosgrove's work has encouraged a growing body of work that seeks to examine both the 'Earth from space' perspective as well as its reciprocal, 'space from Earth'. This article aligns itself with the latter viewpoint, in attempting to define a national culture of 'British outer space'. This is found to have an important connection with the British Interplanetary Society, founded in 1933 near Liverpool, which went on to influence the works of Patrick Moore, who edited the magazine Spaceflight and presented the television programme The Sky at Night, and Arthur C. Clarke, who became known as a science fiction writer through his early novels in the 1950s. The themes of audience participation and human destiny in outer space are examined in a close reading of these two case studies, and further engagement with cultures of outer space in geography is encouraged. © The Author(s) 2012.

The Economics of Total War and Reconstruction, 1914-1922

This chapter features a discussion of the economy and mobilization for the First World War. The authors analyse the implications and cost of total war, concluding with an examination of its contradictory legacies. In studying the war’s impact on Germany in particular, the chapter provides an in-depth look at the consequences of war on Europe’s strongest pre-war economy, without the complications of separating out the issues of a developing country, which can mimic those faced in wartime. The economic challenges that warring parties faced during the war included mobilization, warfare, labour shortage, impaired domestic economic activity, restricted international trade, a systematic redistribution of resources towards the war economy, food rationing, the predictable emergence of black markets, and a drop in living standards. The authors also discuss strategies to meet the significant financial demands associated with the war, and its tumultuous economic and political aftermath.

A European Culture War in the Twentieth Century? Antic-Catholicism and Anti-Bolshevism between Moscow, Berlin, and the Vatican 1922 to 1933

The term “culture war” has become a generic expression for secular-catholic conflicts across nineteenth-century Europe. Yet, if measured by acts of violence, anticlericalism peaked in the years between 1927 and 1939, when thousands of Catholic priests and believers were imprisoned or executed and hundreds of churches razed in Mexico, Spain and Russia. This essay argues that not only in these three countries, but indeed across Europe a culture war raged in the interwar period. It takes, as a case study, the interaction of communist and Catholic actors located in the Vatican, the Soviet Union, and Germany in the period between the beginning of the Pontificate of Pius XI in 1922 and Hitler’s appointment as chancellor of Germany in 1933. Using correspondence and reports from the Vatican archives, this essay shows how Papal officials and communist leaders each sought to mobilize the German populace to achieve their own diplomatic ends. German Catholics and communists gladly responded to the call to arms that sounded from Rome and Moscow in 1930, but they did so also to further their own domestic goals. The case study shows how national contexts inflected the transnational dynamics of radical anti-Catholicism in interwar Europe. In the end, agitation against “godlessness” did not lead to the return of a “Christian State” desired by many conservative Christians. Instead, the culture war further destabilized the republic and added a religious dimension to a landscape well suited to National Socialist efforts to reach a Christian population otherwise mistrustful of its völkisch and anticlerical elements.

Commemorating Women in Irish History, 1912-1922

This is a pilot project to create a website identifying places in Ireland that relate to the history of women, 1912-1922. I have also submitted a grant application to the Heritage Lottery Fund to extend this project to a longer chronological period. This is a collaborative project with Professor Bernadette Whelan in the University of Limerick.

Le collège classique comme espace de vie : l'exemple de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière (1860-1922)

Ce mémoire étudie l'institution collégiale comme espace de vie au tournant du XXe siècle par le biais d'une étude de cas, le Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière. Plus concrètement, nous tentons de répondre aux questions suivantes. Comment pense-t-on et aménage-t-on l'espace dans ce collège pour garçons entre 1860-1922? Comment façonne-t-il les identités sociales et que nous révèle-t-il sur celles-ci? Autrement dit, nous nous intéressons aux valeurs qui sont transmises et aux normes sociales qui influencent l'aménagement. Nous cherchons à connaître leur évolution au cours de la période étudiée. Nous soutenons que l'architecture, l'ordonnance spatial, de même que le décor des lieux concourent à inculquer à la jeunesse un système de valeurs qui s'accordent avec l'idéal catholique : le retrait du monde, la piété, le classicisme et le patriotisme sont celles les plus évidemment exhibées au sein du Collège. L'aménagement de l'espace collégial revêt également des fonctions de régulation sociale : il sert à différencier et à hiérarchiser la population collégiale, autant les écoliers, le corps professoral que les employés d'entretien et d'approvisionnement. À un troisième niveau, il apparaît que le Collège de Sainte-Anne se modernise au cours des soixante années examinées. En portant une attention à la sécurité de l'établissement, à l'hygiène corporelle et à l'assainissement des espaces, les nouvelles théories de la pédagogie scolaire à la fin du XIXe siècle, notamment en ce qui concerne les études dites "utilitaires", les sciences, l'exercice physique et les loisirs, affectent et transforment l'institution collégiale de Sainte-Anne. Faire ressortir les effets de l'espace sur la formation identitaire et remettre en cause l'imperméabilité et l'intemporalité de cet espace dit traditionnel constituent donc les premières préoccupations de cette recherche. Le mémoire vise ultimement à mieux comprendre les objectifs d'éducation de l'Église catholique au moment où elle connaît son âge d'or dans la Belle province.

Suggestions by the South Carolina Citizens’ Educational Association for the observance of American Education Week, December 3-9, 1922

The bulletin presents an outline for an educational talk for speakers promoting education in South Carolina.

Colour Sensation and Empathy: Arthur Schopenhauer's Negative Philosophy and Colour Theory as the Basis of an Elemental Colour Architecture

Arthur Schopenhauer proposed a theory of colour as a consequence of his first hand knowledge of J.W. Goethe’s experiments with color phenomena. This colour theory can be used to explore an interesting proposition Schopenhauer made about architecture. For Schopenhauer, architecture is about feelings, not about functions or forms, its purpose as an art is to reveal the principles of primitive forces, specifically gravity and rigidity. For Schopenhauer, architecture expresses these forces in the poised equilibrium of massive structures built out of stone. Schopenhauer was inclined to believed that architecture had already achieved its most perfect expression in Greek temple architecture. However; he did offer one possibility for architectural research: this was the suggestion that architecture was also concerned with the expression of light. It seems never to have occurred to Schopenhauer to use his colour theory to speculate about light in architecture. This paper explores some of the implications of Schopenhauer’s theory of colour for his aesthetics of architecture?

Brasil, visão do que fomos, do que somos e do que devemos ser: a causa Luso- Brasileira em João de Barros, 1912-1922

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História

Yleinen liikennekartta 1921-1922 Allmän kommunikationskarta 1921-1922

1 kartta kahdessa osassa :, vär. ;, 130 x 80 cm, Mittakaavaa ei määritelty

Recueil périodique de législation, de doctrine et de jurisprudence en matière de procédure civile, commerciale, criminelle et administrative / publié par MM. Rodolphe Rousseau,... Laisney,...

1900 (A21).

Recueil périodique de législation, de doctrine et de jurisprudence en matière de procédure civile, commerciale, criminelle et administrative / publié par MM. Rodolphe Rousseau,... Laisney,...

1916 (A37).