Myth, Language, and Complex Ideologies

Ideologies use for their conservation and propagation persuasive methods of communication: rhetoric. Rhetoric is analyzed from the semiotic and logical-mathematical points of view. The following hypotheses are established: (1) language L is a self-explanatory system, mediated by a successive series of systems of cultural conventions, (2) connotative significances of an ideological advertising rhetoric must be known, and (3) the notion of ideological information is a neutral notion that does not imply the valuation of ideology or its conditions of veracity or falsification. Rhetorical figures like metonymy, metaphor, parable analogy, and allegory are defined as relations. Metaphor and parable are order relations. Operations of metonymic and metaphoric substitution are defined and several theorems derived from these operations have been deduced.

The chronic food deficit of early modern Portugal : curse or myth?

Two historiographical currents have debated whether early modern Portugal was cursed by an excessive dependence on foreign food imports as a result of being unable to feed its population, or not. In this short paper, the first long-run systematic quantitative study of this question, we show that the former view is a myth and therefore could not be a curse. Throughout the entire period, a certain amount of grain was in fact imported but cereal purchases abroad never represented more than a diminutive percentage of total food consumption. More importantly, the country carried out a diversified trade in foodstuffs which was seldom seriously out of balance. Portuguese agriculture showed itself consistently capable of specializing in different foodstuffs for export. It was thus not hopelessly inefficient and succeeded reasonably well in meeting the basic nutritional needs of the population.

The EU’s Paradoxical Efforts at Tracking the Financing of Terrorism: From criticism to imitation of dataveillance. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security No. 56, August 2013

In July 2011, the European Commission published a Communication aimed at setting out different options for establishing a European terrorist finance tracking system (TFTS). The Communication followed the adoption of the EU-US agreement on the US Terrorist Finance Tracking Program (TFTP) in 2010. The agreement concluded various series of national, European and transatlantic negotiations after the disclosure through public media of the US TFTP in 2006. This paper takes stock of the wide range of controversies surrounding this security-focused programme with dataveillance capabilities. After stressing the impact of the US TFTP on international relations, the paper argues that the EU-US agreement primarily has the effect of shifting information-sharing practices from the justice/judicial/penal/criminal investigation framework into the security/intelligence/administrative/prevention context as the main rationale. The paper then questions the TFTP-related conception of mass intelligence through large-scale databases and transnational communication of bulk data in the name of targeted surveillance. Following an examination of the project creating an EU system equivalent to the TFTP, the paper emphasises the fundamental paradox of transatlantic security matters, in which European criticism of American programmes tends to be ultimately translated into EU imitation of US dataveillance practices.

La consécration du critère de l’« accès au marché » au sein de la libre circulation des marchandises: mythe ou réalité? = Consecration of the criterion of "market access" in the free movement of goods: myth or reality? Research Papers in Law, 04/2011

No abstract.

Euroscepticism vs. Political Pragmatism: The Finns Party tones down its criticism of the EU. EPIN Commentary No. 19, 26 June 2014

While many Eurosceptic parties in Europe achieved historical successes in this year’s EP elections, Finland’s populist Finns Party was unable to fulfil its own high expectations. With the eurozone crisis at least temporarily subsiding and Finland’s own economy struggling, the party has been unable to find a new electoral trump card. Facing a changed political climate and stiffer competition, the party is currently toning down its criticism of the EU, as indicated by its recent decision to join the British Tories in the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group.

The Greek Austerity Myth. CEPS Commentary, 10 February 2015

Since Syriza’s victory in Greece’s recent general election, some fear a return to the uncertainty of 2012, when many thought that a Greek default and exit from the eurozone were imminent and that a Greek debt crisis could destabilise – and perhaps even bring down – Europe’s monetary union. CEPS Director Daniel Gros explains in this CEPS Commentary how this time really is different.

Language, Identity, Politics-the Myth of Two Ukraines. Bertelsmann Policy Brief, April 2014

The narrative of two Ukraines – the existence of two separate cultural-political communities within one Ukrainian state – has accompanied the relatively short history of inde-pendent Ukraine from the very be-ginning. Articulated by Mykola Ryabchuk more than twenty years ago1 and seemingly logical and reasonable, it has become the fa-vourite narrative of many Ukrainian and international commentators and analysts. One of these Ukraines is pro-European, shares liberal democracy values, wants to join the European Union, “return to Europe” and, what is very im-portant, speaks Ukrainian. The symbolic centre of this Ukraine is Lviv. The other is nostalgic about the Soviet Union, has close rela-tions with contemporary Russia, is hostile towards the West and does not share “western” values. The language of this other Ukraine is Russian and its “capital” is Do-netsk. Taking on board this narra-tive simply means equating one’s region of residence, political views, and preferred language.

La ruptura epistemológica de Bachelard a Balibar y Pêcheux

En el presente trabajo intentaremos analizar cierta serie o tradición de reflexiones sobre el conocimiento científico que lo caracterizan por su discontinuidad en relación al conocimiento ordinario o sentido común. El origen de esta serie puede localizarse en la obra de Gaston Bachelard y su peculiar estudio de los actos epistemológicos con los que se rompe con el pasado en una disciplina científica. Estos actos contrastan con lo que este autor califica como el "mito continuista" del empirismo. Esta posición será apropiada por Althusser y desarrollada por sus discípulos Balibar y Pêcheux. Intentaremos mostrar que el factor común de la discontinuidad no constituye ;una posición monolítica, sino que cabe reconocer, en las posiciones que consideramos, maneras diversas de entender la naturaleza de la misma. En este sentido, la revisión de las posiciones que Althusser efectuó en su "autocrítica" constituye un punto de observación privilegiado del abanico de alternativas que algunos de sus discípulos desarrollarían sobre bases diversas

La ruptura epistemológica de Bachelard a Balibar y Pêcheux

En el presente trabajo intentaremos analizar cierta serie o tradición de reflexiones sobre el conocimiento científico que lo caracterizan por su discontinuidad en relación al conocimiento ordinario o sentido común. El origen de esta serie puede localizarse en la obra de Gaston Bachelard y su peculiar estudio de los actos epistemológicos con los que se rompe con el pasado en una disciplina científica. Estos actos contrastan con lo que este autor califica como el "mito continuista" del empirismo. Esta posición será apropiada por Althusser y desarrollada por sus discípulos Balibar y Pêcheux. Intentaremos mostrar que el factor común de la discontinuidad no constituye ;una posición monolítica, sino que cabe reconocer, en las posiciones que consideramos, maneras diversas de entender la naturaleza de la misma. En este sentido, la revisión de las posiciones que Althusser efectuó en su "autocrítica" constituye un punto de observación privilegiado del abanico de alternativas que algunos de sus discípulos desarrollarían sobre bases diversas

Old masters and new; essays in art criticism,

Reprinted from various periodicals.

Metaphor, myth, ritual, and the people's commune.

Mode of access: Internet.