Cellular and subcellular localization of the vasopressin- regulated urea transporter in rat kidney.

The renal urea transporter (RUT) is responsible for urea accumulation in the renal medulla, and consequently plays a central role in the urinary concentrating mechanism. To study its cellular and subcellular localization, we prepared affinity-purified, peptide-derived polyclonal antibodies against rat RUT based on the cloned cDNA sequence. Immunoblots using membrane fractions from rat renal inner medulla revealed a solitary 97-kDa band. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated RUT labeling of the apical and subapical regions of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, with no labeling of outer medullary or cortical collecting ducts. Immunoelectron microscopy directly demonstrated labeling of the apical plasma membrane and of subapical intracellular vesicles of IMCD cells, but no labeling of the basolateral plasma membrane. Immunoblots demonstrated RUT labeling in both plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle-enriched membrane fractions from inner medulla, a subcellular distribution similar to that of the vasopressin-regulated water channel, aquaporin-2. In the outer medulla, RUT labeling was seen in terminal portions of short-loop descending thin limbs. Aside from IMCD and descending thin limbs, no other structures were labeled in the kidney. These results suggest that: (i) the RUT provides the apical pathway for rapid, vasopressin-regulated urea transport in the IMCD, (ii) collecting duct urea transport may be increased by vasopressin by stimulation of trafficking of RUT-containing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane, and (iii) the rat urea transporter may provide a pathway for urea entry into the descending limbs of short-loop nephrons.

Disparate actions of hydroxyurea in potentiation of purine and pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside activities against replication of human immunodeficiency virus.

We and other groups have recently reported the potentiation by ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors such as hydroxyurea of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of purine and pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides in both resting and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Little agreement prevails, however, as to the mechanism of the synergistic effects described. We report here that in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, two mechanisms exist for the potentiation of the anti-HIV-1 activity by low-dose hydroxyurea of the purine-based dideoxynucleoside 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and the pyrimidine-based dideoxynucleosides 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine. For 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, the enhancement arises from a specific depletion of dATP by hydroxyurea, resulting in a favorable shift of the 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate/dATP ratio. For the pyrimidine dideoxynucleosides 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, the more modest anti-HIV enhancement results from hydroxyurea-induced increases of pyrimidine kinase activities in the salvage pathway and, hence, increased 5'-phosphorylation of these drugs, while depletion of the corresponding deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates (dTTP and dCTP) plays no significant role.

French Guiana.

On t.p.: Confidential.

Some French poets of to-day : a commentary with specimens /

Caption title: Some modern French poets.

French pioneers in the West Indies, 1624-1664.

Bibliography: p. [273]-281.

Trends & styles in twentieth century French literature.

Includes bibliography.

[Culinary ephemera : gelatin and tapioca].

Corporate contributors include: Genesee Pure Food Company; Jell-O-Co. Inc.

The law of France relating to industrial property, patents, trade marks, merchandise marks, trade names, models, patterns, designs, wrappers, prospectuses, exhibition rewards and medals, unpatented industrial secrets, & colonial, Algerian and Tunisian regulations /

"With a commentary on the Industrial Property Convention, 1883, and the provisions concerning British inventions and designs at French exhibitions."

L'enjôleuse; comédie en trois actes/

Published in L'Illustration théatrale: journal d'actualités dramatiques publiant le texte complet des pièces nouvelles jouées dans les principaux théatres de Paris.

L'idée de Franc̜oise : comédie en quatre actes /

Published in: L'Illustration théatrale: journal d'actualités dramatiques publiant le texte complet des pièces nouvelles jouées dans les principaux théatres de Paris.

La cigale ayant aimé...; pièce en quatre actes/

Published in: La petite illustration théatrale: revue littéraire publiant les pièces nouvelles jouées dans les théatres de Paris.

Une affaire d'or; comédie en trois actes/

Published in L'Illustration théatrale: journal d'actualités dramatiques publiant le texte complet des pièces nouvelles jouées dans les principaux théatres de Paris.

Evans's Supper Rooms.

Binder's title.

The adventures of Odysseus, literary studies.

The adventures of Odysseus.--Herodotus' portrait of Xerxes.--Euripides' tragedy of Hecuba.--The adventures of Aeneas.--Les faits de Pantagruel and La vie de Gargantua.--The giant symbolism in Rabelais's Gargantua.--Racine's Remarques sur l'Odyssée d'Homère.--Contemporary French plays from ancient sources: Anouilh's Antigone; Sartre's Les mouches.--Cocteau's Le machine infernale and Sophocles' Oedipus rex.

Sir John French, an authentic biography,

Mode of access: Internet.