Biology of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidade) Reared on Cauliflower Genotypes

This work was conducted to evaluate biological parameters of Plutella xylostella L. reared on leaves of several cauliflower genotypes under laboratory conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design and arranged in a 6 x 2 factorial (genotypes x generations). Leaf disks of the cultivars Barcelona, Verona, Piracicaba Precoce, Sharon, Silver Streak, and Teresopolis Gigante were placed in Petri dishes with 12 newly-hatched larvae. Leaf disks were initially changed after the fourth day, but daily afterwards until the larvae reached the pupal stage. The same procedure was adopted for the second generation. Twenty adults of each sex were separated from each genotype to evaluate their longevity, and I 0 couples from each treatment were used to assess female fecundity. The lowest larval survival was obtained on the 'Silver Streak' (78.9%) and highest on 'Verona' (97.1%). The 'Silver Streak' and `Teresopolis Gigante' showed the lowest pupal weights (4.83 mg and 5.11 mg, respectively), as well as the lowest fecundity, 119.4 and 123.0 eggs/female, respectively, while 'Piracicaba Precoce' the highest (167.7 eggs/female). Males obtained from larvae reared on `Teresopolis Gigante' and 'Silver Streak' lived shorter (5.1 days), while the short-lived females were obtained from larvae reared on 'Barcelona' and 'Verona' (4.9 and 5.0 days). Insect development was prolonged in the second generation in all tested genotypes.

Subdosages of Bacillus thuringiensis on Plutella xylostella) (Lepepidoptera: plutellidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae)

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the biological aspects of Plutella xylostella and Trichogramma pretiosum in eggs of the F2 generation of P. xylostella under the influence of Bacillus thuringiensis in laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratorio de Biologia and Criacao de Insetos of Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias de Jaboticabal - UNESP reen collars contaminated with strains and commercial product based on B. thuringiensis in the laboratory. The eggs obtained from the F2 generation of P. xylostella evaluated the biological parameters of T. pretiosum. It was observed that some biological characteristics of P. xylostella showed changes by the treatment with B. thuringiensis. The viability of the larvae and pupae stages, pupae weight were the biological parameters more influenced by treatments, with values significantly reduced when compared to control. However, the larvae length and pupae stages and sex ratio were similar in all treatments, with no significant biological variations. Thus, this bacterium isolated from this behavior may provide greater exposure of larvae to other natural enemies as well as generation of adults less viable, which makes them potential programs in pest control, since the interaction of the methods of control is one of the main ways to enhance the biological control of insect pests. It was observed sublethal effects on P. xylostella biology, and B. thuringiensis negative influence on the parasitism capacity and emergency of T. pretiosum.

Parasitismo natural de ovos do curuquerê-do-algodoeiro por Trichogramma pretiosum em diferentes estágios fenológicos de variedades de algodoeiros em Ipameri, GO

The cotton can be damaged by many pests, standing out among them cotton leafworm, responsible for major losses in production, if not controlled properly. A group of natural enemies is the most studied of the family Trichogrammatidae, mainly species of the genus Trichogramma, because of its importance in biological control at the initial stage of development of their hosts. In order to study the natural egg parasitism of Alabama argillacea (Hubner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in different phenological stages of transgenic and conventional varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the region of Ipameri, GO, it was carried out this experiment from december 2007 to april 2008, in the UEG, State of Goias. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments consisting of the conventional varieties DeltaOPAL, FMX 966, FMX 993, FMX 910 and NuOPAL transgenic variety, in four replications. In the beginning of oviposition of the A. argillacea it was started the 27 old days plant and the parasitism increased as the availability of eggs of the host, regardless of variety. It was found that the varieties over the vegetative cycle did not show statistical differences on the preference for oviposition by the moth neither on the parasitism. The level of parasitism of eggs of A. argillacea by T. pretiosum varied depending on the density of eggs on plants, not in terms of varieties and phenological stages.

Biologia de Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em cultivaresde couve-flor

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito de sinigrina aplicada em folhas de brássicas sobre características biológicos de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de extratos aquosos de Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach e Aspidosperma pyrifolium no desenvolvimento e oviposição de Plutella xylostella

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade agrícola de variedades de cana-de-açúcar e incidência de broca-comum e cigarrinha-da-raiz em canavial colhido sem queima

Com o uso de variedades adaptadas e o manejo do solo pós-colheita da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar em sistema de colheita mecanizada, poderá ser afetada a incidência de pragas e a produtividade do canavial. Assim, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho com o objetivo de se avaliar a influência da palhada de dezoito variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas a diferentes sistemas de manejo de colheita mecânica, sem queima, na produtividade agrícola e na incidência de broca-comum e cigarrinha-das-raízes na cultura de cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela presença da palha sem trituração/sem cultivo (PST/SC); palha sem trituração/com cultivo com escarificador (PST/CC); palha triturada/com cultivo com escarificador (PT/CC). O rendimento de colmos na cana-soca é favorecido pelo manejo, com cultivo, da palhada da planta crua, colhida mecanicamente, sem alteração na incidência de broca-comum e da cigarrinha das raízes. A variedade SP87-365 de cana-de-açúcar é opção viável e rentável, em qualquer sistema de manejo da cana crua, com adaptação à colheita mecânica e às condições edafoclimáticas da região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. A incidência de broca-comum e da cigarrinha das raízes pode ser bastante reduzida com a utilização das variedades SP88-817 e SP76-112 de cana-de-açúcar, em qualquer sistema de manejo da palhada da cana crua colhida mecanicamente e minimizada na colheita mecânica da cana crua, seguida de trituração da palhada e cultivo com escarificador na entrelinha.

Controle de pragas do pessegueiro através do ensacamento dos frutos

Objetivou-se, no trabalho, buscar opções ao ensacamento de pêssegos, visando o controle eficiente das principais pragas do pessegueiro. Para isso, instalou-se um experimento em um pomar comercial de pêssego do cultivar Aurora 2, conduzido em sistema de vaso e espaçamento de 6 x 4 m. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 - Sacolas de TNT branco (45 g/m²) fechado, T2 - Sacolas de TNT branco (45 g/m²) aberto, T3 - Sacolas de TNT branco (20 g/m²) fechado; T4 - Sacolas de TNT branco (20 g/m²) aberto; T5 - Sacolas de polipropileno microperfurado transparente (furos de 1mm) fechado; T6 - Sacolas de polipropileno microperfurado transparente (furos de 1mm) aberto; T7 - Sacolas de polipropileno microperfurado transparente (furos de 2mm) fechado; T8 - Sacolas de polipropileno microperfurado transparente (furos de 2mm) aberto; T9 - Sacolas de polietileno microperfurado leitoso (furos de 1mm) fechado; T10 - Sacolas de polietileno microperfurado leitoso (furos de 1mm) aberto; T11 - Sacolas de polietileno microperfurado leitoso (furos de 2mm) fechado; T12 - Sacolas de polietileno microperfurado leitoso (furos de 2mm) aberto; T13 - Sacolas de papel impermeável fechado; T14 - Sacolas de papel impermeável aberto; T15 - Testemunha (sem ensacamento). de acordo com os resultados concluiu-se que todas as embalagens foram eficientes no controle de moscas-das-frutas e pássaros, porém não para mariposa oriental. As sacolas com abertura no fundo podem ser utilizadas como opção ao ensacamento de pêssegos.

Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing pupae of Citioica anthonilis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) collected on Piptadenia gonoacantha (Fabaceae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Índice de aromaticidade baseado na deslocalização, degenerescência e densidade (D3BIA) para acenos e moléculas homoaromáticas

The aromaticity index is an important tool for the investigation of aromatic molecules. This work consists on new applications of the aromaticity index developed by teacher Caio Lima Firme, so-called D3BIA (density, delocalization, degeneracy-based index of aromaticity). It was investigated its correlation with other well-known aromaticity indexes, such as HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity), NICS (nucleus independent chemical shielding), PDI (para-delocalization index), magnetic susceptibility (), and energetic factor in the study of aromaticity of acenes and homoaromatic species based on bisnoradamantanyl cage. The density functional theory (DFT) was used for optimization calculations and for obtaining energetic factors associated with aromaticity and indexes HOMA and NICS. From quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) it was obtained the indexes D3BIA, PDI and . For acenes, when the over-mentioned indexes were applied it was observed no correlation except for D3BIA and HOMA (R2=0.752). For bisnoradamantenyl dication and its derivatives, it was obtained a good correlation between D3BIA and NICS. Moreover, it was evaluated solely one of the factors used on D3BIA calculation, the delocalization index uniformity (DIU), so as to investigate its possible influence on stability of chemical species. Then, the DIU was compared with the formation Gibbs free energy of some pairs of carbocations, isomers or not, which each pair had small difference in point group symmetry and no difference among other well-known stability factors. The obtained results indicate that DIU is a new stability factor related to carbocations, that is, the more uniform the electron density delocalization, the more stable the is carbocation. The results of this work validate D3BIA and show its importance on the concept of aromaticity, indicating that it can be understood from degeneracy of atoms belonging the aromatic site, the electronic density in the aromatic site and the degree of uniformity of electron delocalization

Preferência de oviposição de Grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) em cultivares de pessegueiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Leaf trait variation on Erythroxylum tortuosum (Erythroxylaceae) and its relationship with oviposition preference and stress by a host-specific leaf miner

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of Food Deprivation on the Development of Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) is a natural enemy of several insect pests and feeds on pollen and nectar to survive periods when prey is scarce. The effect of the feeding interval on the development, survival, fecundity, and longevity of C. maculata was determined. Newly hatched larvae of C. maculata were reared individually and fed with eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) at intervals of one, two, and three days under controlled conditions (23 ± 1ºC; 60 ± 10% RH; 12 h phtophase). The duration of larval instars and the total larval stage was prolonged as the feeding interval increased. The larval period lasted on average 9.2 ± 0.19 days when the larvae were fed daily with prey, and 14.6 ± 0.48 days when food was offered at three-day intervals. There was an inverse relationship between food intervals, survival, and weight of larvae and adults of the coccinellid. Survival rate of larvae fed daily was 76.8%, while the rate was 50.0% and 23.4% for larvae fed every two and three days, respectively. Coleomegilla maculata showed fecundity of 781.1 ± 149.02, 563.4 ± 80.81 and 109.0 ± 103.0 eggs when fed daily and at intervals of two and three days, respectively.

Preferência de Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) por Galleria mellonella (L.) ou Achroia grisella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Classificação de cultivares de brássicas com relação à resistência à traça-das-crucíferas e à presença de glucosinolatos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)