Northern Ireland: Religion and Transitional Justice

The right to practice religion is recognised as one of the universal liberties transitional justice interventions are designed to defend, and religion is often mentioned as one of the cultural factors that impact on local transitional justice practices from below. Many human rights cases of abuse, however, are motivated by religious extremism and the association of religion with conflict has largely a discouraged reflection on its positive contribution to transitional justice. This field is undeveloped and the little work that elaborates its positive role is descriptive. This paper theorises the relationship between religion and transitional justice and develops a model for understanding its potential role that better allows an assessment of its strengths and weaknesses. The model is applied to original research conducted on ex-combatants in Northern Ireland, and concludes that only in very limited circumstances can religious actors make a telling contribution to transitional justice.Understanding what these circumstances are is the purpose of the model developed here.

A Economia agrária do Algarve, na transição do Antigo Regime para o Liberalismo (1750-1836)

Artigo científico sobre a economia agrária do Algarve, desde o Pombalismo a Setembrismo, publicado na revista «ESTUDOS III», editada pela Universidade do Algarve, em 2009.

O termo de Silves do pombalismo ao liberalismo: a reorganização administrativa

Dissertação de mest., História do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

A instauração do liberalismo em Portugal numa visão global socioeconómica :a participação do Algarve

O Algarve na primeira metade do século XIX era um território periférico e quase marginalizado. Mas nunca deixou de ser uma região geo-estratégica (como o foi no tempo dos Descobrimentos) de fulcral importância no evoluir do processo histórico português. O Algarve, como espaço/região, e os algarvios como (re)agentes activos, foram, no seu conjunto, decisivos para o dirimir das lutas políticas e da consequente guerra civil, que implantou definitivamente o liberalismo em Portugal. No contexto nacional, o Algarve foi uma das regiões mais sacrificadas, tanto nos seus valores humanos como nos seus recursos económicos. Parece-nos indubitável o papel dos algarvios na construção do liberalismo português, sendo o posicionamento geográfico da sua costa atlântico-mediterrânica de capital importância para a eclosão da guerra-civil. Por outro lado, o Algarve tornara-se desde o início do século XIX, com as invasões napoleónicas, um dos pólos mais sensíveis do quadro revolucionário português. Todos os conflitos militares que projectaram alterações políticas passaram pelo Algarve. Daí que, do ponto de vista militar, adquirisse esta região o estatuto de eixo geopolítico sobre o qual giraria, praticamente, toda a primeira metade do Oitocentismo português.

Mouzinho da Silveira and the Political Culture of Portuguese Liberalism, 1820–1832

Liberalism as an identity and as a political ideology was non-existent in Portugal, as in most of the countries of Ibero-America, before the beginning of the nineteenth century. But the semantic development of the term ‘liberal’ in Portuguese underwent a clear and rapid mutation in the following decades. It became associated with specific meanings in relation to constitutional issues and civil law matters. While the former prevailed between 1820 and 1823, the latter were dominant in the writings of Mouzinho da Silveira and his Civil War legislation of 1832 to 1834.

Labour and the free churches 1918-1939: radicalism, righteousness and religion

It is a commonplace that the labour movement was somehow nurtured within the witness for liberty of the Free Churches. Exploring this at a range of levels - including organisation, rhetoric, policies, electoral politics and people - this book demonstrates the extent to which this remained a reality into the inter-war years. The distinctive religious setting in which it emerged indeed helps to explain the differences between Labour and more Marxist counterparts on the Continent. It is shown here that this setting continued to influence Labour approaches towards welfare, nationalisation and industrial relations between the wars. In the process Labour also adopted some of the righteousness of tone of the Free Churches. This setting was, however, changing. Dropping their traditional suspicion of the State, Nonconformists instead increasingly invested it with religious values, turning it through its growing welfare functions into the provider of practical Christianity. This nationalisation of religion continues to shape British attitudes to the welfare state as well as imposing narrowly utilitarian and material tests of relevance upon the churches and other social institutions. The elevation of the State was not, however, intended as an end in itself. What mattered were the social and individual outcomes. Socialism, for those Free Churchmen and women who helped to shape Labour in the early twentieth century, was about improving society as much as systems.