啤酒酿造中野生酵母的研究

啤酒酿造中野生酵母的研究吴文芳，张成刚，吕安国，李波（中国科学院沈阳应用生态所）金连武，蒋玲，孙喜春（辽宁铁岭市清河啤酒厂）所谓野生酵母，是指在啤酒酿造过程中出现的除培养酵母之外的所有酵母而言。威尔斯对野生酵母的定义是：任何未经严密选用与控制的酵母，...

Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence Properties of GdF3:Er3+, Yb3+

GdF3:Er3+,Yb-3 with Er3+ ion of 3% and Yb3+ ion concentration of 10%, 20% have been prepared by a hydrothermal method. The results of XRD show that all the samples are of an orthorhombic structure. The average crystallite sizes estimated by Scherrer formula are 28 and 26 nm for Gd0.87Yb0.10Er0.03F3 and Gd0.77Yb0.20Er0.03F3, respectively. The Upconversion luminescence spectra of the samples have been studied under 980 run laser excitation. The results show that the green and red upconversion emission can be attributed to the H-2(11/2),S-4(3/2) -> 4I(15/2) and 4F(9/2) -> 4I(15/2) transitions of Er3+, respectively.

Upconversion luminescence of Y2O3 : Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method

Y2O3: Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method without and with different concentrations of EDTA 2Na. Upconversion luminescence spectra of the samples were studied under 980 nm laser excitation. The results of XRD showed that the obtained Y2O3:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles were of a cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes calculated were in the range of 28-40 nm. Green and red upconversion emission were observed, and attributed to H-2(11/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of the Er3+ ion, respectively.

Red and green upconversion luminescence of Gd2O3 : Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles

Gd2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles have been synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method with EDTA 2Na of two different concentrations. Upconversion luminescence spectra of the samples have been studied under 980 nm laser excitation. The results of XRD show that obtained Gd2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles are of a cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes could be calculated as 22 and 29 nm, respectively. The strong green and red upconversion emission were observed, and attributed to the H-2(11/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(19/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of Er3+ ion, respectively.

Characterization and electrocatalytic application of a fullerene/ionic-liquid composite

A fullerene/ionic-liquid composite was explored. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study showed that in the composite, C-60 mainly exists as nano-clusters, Raman spectrum proved that the composite formed only by physical Mix of C-60 and 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6), the combination did not change the chemical naturation of C-60. The electrochemical properties of the composite modified electrode, including the electrode reaction control function and the interfacial potential effect were studied.

单一高分子白光材料

首先阐明了单一白光高分子材料体系的构造原理——"部分能量转移和电荷限制机制",然后分别从双色白光高分子和三色白光高分子两个方面,详细介绍了单一白光高分子材料体系的发展历程与研究进展,并在此基础上,展望了单一高分子白光材料未来的发展方向.

Synthesis, structure and photochromic properties of a novel 1,6-hexanediamine trimolybdate supramolecular compound

A novel supramolecular compound 1,6-hexanediamine trimolybdate ((C6H18N2[Mo3O10], denoted as HDAMo) has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and its structure has been characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. This single crystal compound consists of protonated 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA) cations and polyoxometalate [Mo3O10](2-) anions. Its crystal structure belongs to monoclinic system (space group P2(1)/n) with a = 7.7508(14), b = 11.467(2), c = 16.167(3) angstrom, beta = 92.689(3)degrees, V = 143 5.3(5) angstrom(3), Z = 4 and D-ealc = 2.619 g cm(-3). The final statistics based on F-2 are GOF = 0.980, R-1 = 0.0261 and wR(2) = 0.0506 for I > 2 sigma(I). XRD analysis revealed that in the crystal structure of HDAMo, novel infinite [Mo3O10](2-) chains parallel to a axis are made up of distorted MoO6 octahedra connected by corners and edges. The protonated HDA cations occupy channels formed by [Mo(3)O3(10)](2-) Chains and exhibit strong hydrogen bond interactions to terminal and bridging oxo groups of the chains. The [Mo3O10](2-) chains linked through protonated HAD cations formed a one-dimensional network. The HDAMo compound shows novel photochromic properties, i.e., its color changes from white to reddish brown gradually under UV irradiation. XRD, FT-IR, ESR spectra and XPS are used to investigate the photochromic behavior of the compound.

Investigation on preparation and fluorescence properties of oxy-fluoride glass co-doped with Er3+ and Yb3+

The glass sample based on the composition of 45PbF(2)-45GeO(2)-10WO(3) co-doped with Yb3+/Er3+ was prepared by the fusion method in two steps: melted at 950 degreesC for 20 similar to 25 min then annealed at 380 degreesC for 4 h. Through the V-prism it is found that the refractive index of host glass and the sample are 1.517 and 1.65 respectively. The transmittance was observed by using the ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectrometer in the wavelength range from 0.35 to 2.5mum. The transmittaitce of the host glass is beyond 73%. That of the sample is beyond 50% and there are characteristic absorption peaks of rare-earth ions. The emission spectrum was measured by using the Hitachi F-4500 fluorescent spectrometer pumped by 980 nm semiconductor laser. There are a strong emission peak at 530 nm and a weak peak at 650 nm.

Up-conversion spectrum properties of the oxy-fluoride glass co-doped with Er3+ and Yb3+

Up-conversion of 45PbF(2)-45GeO(2)-10WO(3) oxy-fluoride glasses co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions were prepared by fusion method through melting at 1223 K and then annealing at 653 K for 4 h. Transmittance of the undoped host glass was beyond 73% in a range of 0.6-2.5 mu m and the co-doped glasses still provided good transmittance beyond 50%. Refractive indices of the host and co-doped glasses were 1.517 and 1.650, respectively. Blue, green and red fluorescence spectra were observed in a range of 400-700 nm under 980 nm diode laser excitation. Up-conversion spectra at about 410, 518, 530and 650 nm were assigned to the 4f electron transitions of H-2(9/2) -> I-4(15)/(2), H-2(15/2) -> I-4(15/2) S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) of Er3+ ion, respectively. The mechanism of energy transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions in the glass was analyzed. Raman shift shows the non-radiative relaxation of the glass sample is low.

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of [{Mo8V4O36(VO4)(VO)(2)}(n)](7n-) bi-capped alpha-Keggin fragments linked to a chain

The title compound, (H(2)en)(3)H3O {MO8V4O36 (VO4) (VO)(2)} . 4H(2)O, was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by means of IR, ESR spectrum and single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c, a=1. 980 4(4) nm, b=2. 063 4(4) nm, c=1. 192 0(2) nm, (beta =94. 76(3)degrees and deep black colour. The compound contains V-centered bi-capped alpha -Keggin fragments {Mo8V7O42} that are linked together by edge-shared units (VO5)-O-N via V-O-V bonds, forming a chain.

多功能高灵敏度双恒电位仪的研制及应用

研制了一种可测量pA～mA级电流的高灵敏度多功能双恒电位仪。此仪器结构简单,灵活性强,操作方便。成功地应用于微电极电化学检测器的液相色谱/电化学研究。

多相氧载体CoO-MgO的ESR研究

用ESR方法研究了CoO-MgO固溶体作为多相氧载体的可逆吸氧性质。发现CoO-MgO表面的Co~(2+)可以以两种方式与分子氧可逆结合,一种形成Co~(2+)-O_2,它给出了与MgO晶格中Co~(2+)相似的各向同性的信号(g=4.2);一种形成Co~(2+)-O_2~-,它给出轴对称的信号(g_‖=2.141,A_‖=30G,g_⊥_=1.980,A_⊥=15G)。我们认为Co~(2+)-O_2是表面Co_(5c)~(2+)与O_2结合产生的,而Co~(3+)-O_2~-是由表面Co_(4c)~(2+)或Co_(3c)~(2+)与O_2结合形成的。

微型浮游动物及其对浮游植物的摄食压力

本论文研究了渤海，胶州湾和东海20-200 μm微型浮游动物（桡足类幼虫、纤毛虫）的数量和生物量（1% Lugol's 试剂固定1000ml，Utermohl法150倍显微镜检查），在渤海和东海用稀释法（Landry and Hassett, 1982; Burkill et al., 1990）估计了微型浮游动物（<200 μm）对浮游植物的摄食压力。对上述海区调查的时间如下：渤海：1997年6，1998年6月（莱州湾），1998年10月；胶州湾1997年8、11月，1998年2、4、8、11月，1999年2月；东海：1998年7月。结果如下：渤海：1997年6月，只发现一种砂壳纤毛虫，数量为0-980个/L。1998年6月（莱州湾），微型浮游动物数量为30-2390个/L，生物量为1.5-25 μg C/L，水体中生物量为0.1-53.2 mgC m~(-2)。共有13种砂壳纤毛虫和一种无壳纤毛虫。纤毛虫的数量为0-2380个/L，生物量为0-24.52 μg C/L。纤毛虫优势种有无壳纤毛虫、Tintinnopsis pallida、T. amoyensis和T. chinglanensis。微型浮游动物的各个类群呈斑块分布。1998年10月，微型浮游动物的数量为0-770个/L，生物量为0-12.3 μg C/L，水体中生物量为0-136 mgC m~(-2)。在两次大面调查间隔的6天内，发生大风。两次大面站调查海区的温盐分布格局没有很大变化，但微型浮游动物的变化却十分显著，这也反映了恶劣天气对海洋生物的影响。在几个连续站对微型浮游动物的连续监测表明，微型浮游动物的分布与水团有很大关系。胶州湾：桡足类幼虫在8月数量最大（850个/L）。共记录两种无壳纤毛虫和7种砂壳纤毛虫。微型浮游动物数量弯化很大，从10-22600个/L。微型浮游动物的分布格局可能是湾内和湾外海水混合的结果：1997年11月，无壳纤毛虫No.12从湾外涌入，其他航次无壳纤毛虫No.11在湾内发生，向湾外扩散。东海：微型浮游动物数量较少，最大数量为1970个/L，绝大多数站位低于300个/L，生物量为0.08-45 μg C/L，水体50m积分生物量为5-283mgC m~(-2)。微型浮游动物有明显的斑块分布，连续监测没有发现明显的变化。根据稀释培养的结果，微型浮游动物对浮游植物摄食压力如下所述：渤海三个航次的微型浮游动物对浮游植物摄食率为0.13-1.01d~(-1)，每天摄食浮游植物生物量（现存量）的12-49%，初级生产力的34-267%。东海稀释培养的结果为微型浮游动物地浮游植物的摄食率为0.2-1.2d~(-1)，每天摄食浮游动物生物量的20-71%，摄食初级生产力的54-98%。由于稀释培养实验的设计和操作有许多争议之外，本文只将结果列出，对方法不作讨论。

中华卤虫滞育卵发育和重金属刺激相关蛋白质组学研究

卤虫(Artemia)是一种广温、耐高盐的小型甲壳动物，广泛分布于内陆盐湖和沿海盐田中。卤虫的无节幼体作为重要的蛋白优质饵料，被广泛的应用于水产养殖生产。卤虫具有特殊的生物学特性，是研究甲壳动物胚胎发育的良好的实验材料，同时也是一种研究动物抗逆机制的模式动物。卤虫有卵生和卵胎生两种繁殖后代的方式，当环境条件适宜时，卤虫倾向于采取卵胎生方式，即直接产生无节幼体；而在恶劣的环境条件下，卵生方式占主要地位，产生处于滞育状态的、具有复杂外壳的休眠卵。卤虫的滞育卵具有独特的生物学特性和特殊的生理生化特点。其发育停滞，细胞分裂停止，酶活力下降，代谢活动受到抑制并可耐受各种极端恶劣环境，如缺氧、低温、紫外线、干燥等。即使在最适的环境中滞育卵的孵化率也很低，只有受到某些特定的非生物信号的刺激才自能终止这种滞育状态，恢复生理代谢；当环境条件适宜时，能够继续发育孵化成无节幼体。因此，卤虫的滞育卵在卤虫的整个生活史中占有重要的地位。另一方面，卤虫是极端环境生物，能够抵抗各种恶劣环境胁迫刺激，因此是研究抗逆机理的良好的实验动物。 本论文利用蛋白质组学技术，研究了卤虫滞育卵及滞育卵发育过程中的蛋白质组表达情况，并研究了卤虫幼体在重金属刺激后蛋白表达的变化情况。得到如下结果： 建立了中华卤虫滞育卵可溶性总蛋白的双向凝胶电泳对照图谱。在pH 4–7、分子量10-100 kDa范围内，检测到约 233个蛋白点，并利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-ESI-MS/MS）技术鉴定了其中的48个丰度较大及感兴趣的蛋白点，根据这些蛋白的生物学功能进行分类，功能类别包括细胞防御蛋白、抗氧化蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白、代谢相关蛋白等。在卤虫滞育卵中共分离鉴定到6个分子量和等电点存在差异的小热休克蛋白p26的异构体，生物信息学分析表明该蛋白有三种不同的功能位点，分别是蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点，Casein 激酶II磷酸化位点及 N-myristoylation 位点。 采用低温脱水的方法对滞育卵进行激活刺激，并对活化卵和滞育卵蛋白表达图谱进行了对比分析。结果表明对卤虫滞育卵的激活刺激引起了其蛋白表达的明显变化。活化卵图谱中蛋白点总数比滞育卵中明显增多，特别是在pI<5.5范围内。约70个蛋白点在激活刺激后上调表达，包括部分只在激活卵中表达的蛋白；25个下调表达，包括部分只在滞育卵中表达的蛋白；其余约60％（占滞育卵蛋白点数目百分比）的蛋白点表达量基本恒定。热休克蛋白家族、抗氧化蛋白家族成员等蛋白变化明显，小热休克蛋白p26、小热休克蛋白ArHsp21蛋白以及过氧化物还原酶异构体在激活卵中特异表达。 活化卵孵化过程中不同发育时期的蛋白表达又呈现出不同的特点，分别在孵化后6h、12h、18h和24h的蛋白质组学图谱上检测到267、285、195和210个蛋白点。孵化后6h和12h休眠卵蛋白表达个数相对较多，与胚胎发育过程中的器官发生和剧烈的形态变化相适应；孵化后18h和24h休眠卵蛋白表达明显下降，部分蛋白的表达关闭，部分蛋白开始富集表达。 利用双向凝胶电泳技术分析了中华卤虫幼体受到急性硫酸铜刺激后的蛋白表达变化情况。通过图谱对比分析，检测到了5mM硫酸铜刺激24h后，卤虫幼体中14个差异表达的蛋白点。利用LC-ESI-MS/MS技术鉴定了其中的7个蛋白，其中3个蛋白上调表达，分别是热休克蛋白70（7.5倍）, 肌动蛋白（2.3倍）和伴侣分子亚基1（3.0倍）。3个蛋白下调表达，分别是：精氨酸激酶（2.8倍）, 延伸因子2 (2.0倍） 和富含甘氨酸蛋白(2.0倍）。硫酸铜刺激后特异表达的一个蛋白被鉴定为过氧化物还原酶(Peroxiredoxin，Prx)。根据质谱检测提供的蛋白肽段信息和其他生物过氧化物还原酶保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物，结合RACE技术，从中华卤虫幼体中克隆到了过氧化物还原酶基因，该基因的cDNA全长为756个碱基，其中开放阅读框为594个碱基，编码198个氨基酸，其蛋白理论分子量为22.0 kDa，理论等电点为6.98。多序列比对结果显示中华卤虫Prx基因的推导氨基酸序列与美国卤虫和中国对虾的同源性高达98%和94%。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，硫酸铜刺激后，该基因在卤虫无节幼体中的转录水平明显升高，在24h达到正常水平的3.0倍。