O Triunfo da vontade e a estética nazista:o nacional-socialismo como modernidade alternativa

O Nacional-socialismo representou, ao negar os princípios centrais da modernidade ocidental, a idéia de uma outra modernidade baseada, ao mesmo tempo, no resgate e na projeção futura das antigas glórias da nação germânica. Neste sentido, o filme O Triunfo da Vontade da cineasta alemã Leni Riefenstahl aparece como a grande representação estética do nazismo, traduzindo em imagens os principais aspectos da ideologia nacional-socialista. Ao trabalhar com extrema genialidade todo um conjunto de referências simbólicas e míticas presentes no imaginário alemão, Riefenstahl construiu, portanto, uma das mais impactantes peças de divulgação do regime hitlerista, apresentando ao mundo os ideais do Terceiro Reich e a força da nova Alemanha.

Considerações sobre o marxismo tradicional e sua crítica

Este trabalho discorre sobre as causas do fracasso do socialismo realmente existente e por extensão elabora uma crítica consistente ao marxismo tradicional. A crítica incide precisamente na ênfase que se dá às categorias de exploração, propriedade privada e mercado, tidas como essenciais na determinação do capitalismo. Seguindo a lógica, estas formulações críticas possibilitam certo cotejamento no interior da produção teórica do serviço social ao restaurar a dimensão efetivamente crítica do pensamento marxista. Nessa perspectiva, discutiremos as influências da corrente aqui criticada nas elaborações da categoria profissional a fim de explorar os debates manifestos dentro do universo marxista. Em último caso, busca oferecer outras perspectivas teóricas no interesse de contribuição epistemológica.

Negligible penalty all-optical routing using a 12 × 12 passive InP wavelength-selective router

This work demonstrates transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s across two wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) network nodes, constructed using counter-propagating semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) wavelength converters and an integrated wavelength-selective router separated by 45 km of fiber, with an overall penalty of 0.6 dB. Minimal degradation of the eye diagram is evident across the whole system. Full utilization of the capacity of the router would allow an aggregate 360-Gbit/s node capacity for a WDM channel of 2.5 Gb/s.

All-optical routing using a 12×12 passive InP wavelength selective router and tuneable wavelength conversion

All-optical routing of 2.5Gbit/s WDM signals across two cascaded Optical Cross Connects(OXCs) with a penalty of only 0.6dB has been demonstrated using tuneable wavelength converters and a passive WDM router.

All-optical routing using a 12×12 passive InP wavelength selective router and tuneable wavelength conversion

All-optical routing of 2.5Gbit/s WDM signals across two cascaded Optical Cross Connects(OXCs) with a penalty of only 0.6dB has been demonstrated using tuneable wavelength converters and a passive WDM router.

现阶段陕北农业发展的制约因子分析

陕北农业经过几十年的发展,基本上满足了当地人民的需要,但由于多种因素的影响,使其存在着许多问题,这些问题不仅关系到农民、农村、农业的健康发展,而且影响社会主义新农村建设。本文针对陕北荒漠化地区生态环境脆弱、经济基础薄弱、农业生产科技含量较低、农业可持续发展面临严峻挑战的现实,通过分析陕北农业发展现状及限制因子,并根据制订的"十一五"规划和远景目标,分析了陕北农业发展中存在的非持续性因素和农业技术实施过程中遇到的难题和面临的挑战,提出了陕北农业的发展思路对策,为决策部门制定计划提供可靠的科学依据。

Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abrahamsen, Rita, Williams, Paul, 'Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa', Political Studies (2002) 49(2) pp.249-264 RAE2008

'We are not Seeking Strength for its Own Sake': The British Labour Party, West Germany and the Cold War, 1951-64

Hughes, R. (2002). 'We are not Seeking Strength for its Own Sake': The British Labour Party, West Germany and the Cold War, 1951-64. Cold War History. 3(1) pp.67-94 RAE2008

Hizballah

Gunning, Jeroen. Hizballah and the logic of political participation, In: 'Terror, Insurgency and the State: Ending Protracted Conflicts', Heiberg, Marianne, O'Leary, Brendan & Tirman, John (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press), p.157-188, 2007. RAE2008

Niezamknięte księgi – o księgach cechowych na Pomorzu Zachodnim

Niniejsze badanie koncentruje się na księgach powstałych w wyniku działalności organizacji cechowych na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Jest to specyficzny rodzaj zabytków, w których odzwierciedla się życie zarówno zawodowe, jak i społeczne oraz towarzyskie korporacji. Pisane były niejednokrotnie przez kolejne pokolenia, obejmują nawet kilka stuleci, przez co stanowią cenne źródło historyczne. Księgi dzieliły się na urzędowe, obejmujące całokształt działalności (Amtsbuch), oraz wyspecjalizowane – księgi protokołów (Protokollbuch), księgi mistrzów, czeladników i uczniów (Meister-, Gesellen- i Lehrjungenbuch), księgi rachunkowe (Rechnungsbuch) i księgi normatywne. Tekst ukazuje znaczną różnorodność kwestii poruszanych w poszczególnych rodzajach ksiąg, a także ich formę zewnętrzną. Podstawę do badań stanowią obiekty przechowywane w Archiwum Państwowym w Szczecinie. Daleko posunięte podobieństwo w funkcjonowaniu cechów poza granicami Pomorza pozwala na przeniesienie wniosków również na inne organizacje cechowe.

Metaphorizing the Holocaust: The Ethics for Comparison

This paper focuses on the ethics of metaphor and other forms of comparison that invoke National Socialism and the Holocaust. It seeks to answer the question: Are there criteria on the basis of which we can judge whether metaphors and associated tropes “use” the Holocaust appropriately? In analyzing the thrust and workings of such comparisons, the paper also seeks to identify and clarify the terminology and concepts that allow productive discussion. In line with its conception of metaphor that is also rhetorical praxis, the paper focuses on specific controversies involving the metaphorization of the Holocaust, primarily in Germany and Austria. The paper develops its argument through the following process. First, it examines the rhetorical/political contexts in which claims of the Holocaust’s comparability (or incomparability) have been raised. Second, it presents a review (and view) of the nature of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. It applies this framework to (a) comparisons of Saddam Hussein with Hitler in Germany in 1991; (b) the controversies surrounding the 2004 poster exhibition “The Holocaust on Your Plate” in Germany and Austria, with particular emphasis on the arguments and decisions in cases before the courts in those countries; and (c) the invocation of “Auschwitz” as metonym and synecdoche. These examples provide the basis for a discussion of the ethics of comparison. In its third and final section the paper argues that metaphor is by nature duplicitous, but that ethical practice involving Holocaust comparisons is possible if one is self-aware and sensitive to the necessity of seeing the “other” as oneself. The ethical framework proposed by the paper provides the basis for evaluationg the specific cases adduced.

Analityczna filozofia dziejów w poznańskiej szkole metodologicznej. Próba falsyfikacji Popperowskiej krytyki historii teoretycznej

The purpose of this paper is the reconstruction of the theory of historical process elaborated at the Poznań School of Methodology. The heuristic tool will be Popper’s model of knowledge, according to which, the development of scientific theory went through the phase of the posing of the scientific problem, proposing a tentative theory, a critical discussion and its modification. Proposed by Leszek Nowak the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism was transformed – under the influence of the elaboration of the idealizational theory of science and the categorical interpretation of dialectics – into the generalized version of historical materialism. This version includes theory of the class and primitive societies. Difficulties in the building of the theory of real socialism led to the transformation of adaptive historical materialism into the non-Marxian historical materialism where some tenets of Marxism were refuted (e.g. the domination of economy over politics). In the course of the building of the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism and the non-Marxian historical materialism some primary notions were defined and modified satisfying the criteria of falsification. Although Popper severely criticized the possibility of theoretical history, the theory of history as developed at the Poznań School of Methodology satisfies his criteria of falsification. This throws doubt upon the validity of Popperian critique of theoretical history.