Using domain-specific knowledge to improve information retrieval performance

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Protocolo de la historia clínica de baja visión dentro del marco de la implementación del sistema health information management system (HIMS) en la clínica de optometría de La Universidad de La Salle

Tesis (Optometra). -- Universidad de La Salle, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Programa de Optometria, 2014

Puget Sound’s MARS (Media Asset Retrieval System) Digital Library

The MARS (Media Asset Retrieval System) Project is a collaboration between public broadcasters, libraries and schools in the Puget Sound region to assess the needs of their constituents and pool resources to develop solutions to meet those needs. The Project’s ultimate goal is to create a digital online resource that will provide access to content produced by public broadcasters and libraries. The MARS Project is funded by a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) Television Future Fund. Convergence ConsortiumThe Convergence Consortium is a model for community collaboration, including representatives from public broadcasting, libraries and schools in the Puget Sound region. They meet regularly to consider collaborative efforts that will be mutually beneficial to their institutions and constituents. Specifically, the archives of public broadcasters have been identified as significant resources that can be accessed through libraries and used by schools, and integrated with text and photographic archives from other partners.Using the work-centered framework, we collected data through interviews with nine engineers and observation of their searching while they performed their regular, job-related searches on the Web. The framework was used to analyze the data on two levels: 1) the activities and organizational relationships and constrains of work domains, and 2) users’ cognitive and social activities and their subjective preferences during searching.

A task-oriented approach to search engine usability studies

Usability is a multi-dimensional characteristic of a computer system. This paper focuses on usability as a measurement of interaction between the user and the system. The research employs a task-oriented approach to evaluate the usability of a meta search engine. This engine encourages and accepts queries of unlimited size expressed in natural language. A variety of conventional metrics developed by academic and industrial research, including ISO standards,, are applied to the information retrieval process consisting of sequential tasks. Tasks range from formulating (long) queries to interpreting and retaining search results. Results of the evaluation and analysis of the operation log indicate that obtaining advanced search engine results can be accomplished simultaneously with enhancing the usability of the interactive process. In conclusion, we discuss implications for interactive information retrieval system design and directions for future usability research. © 2008 Academy Publisher.

Towards a visually enhanced medical search engine

This paper presents the prototype of an information retrieval system for medical records that utilises visualisation techniques, namely word clouds and timelines. The system simplifies and assists information seeking tasks within the medical domain. Access to patient medical information can be time consuming as it requires practitioners to review a large number of electronic medical records to find relevant information. Presenting a summary of the content of a medical document by means of a word cloud may permit information seekers to decide upon the relevance of a document to their information need in a simple and time effective manner. We extend this intuition, by mapping word clouds of electronic medical records onto a timeline, to provide temporal information to the user. This allows exploring word clouds in the context of a patient’s medical history. To enhance the presentation of word clouds, we also provide the means for calculating aggregations and differences between patient’s word clouds.

Tekstikatkelmahakumenetelmien toteuttaminen tiedonhakujärjestelmässä

Information retrieval of concise and consistent text passages is called passage retrieval. Passages can be used in an information retrieval system to improve its user interface and performance. In this thesis passage retrieval is compared to other forms of information retrieval. Implementation of passage retrieval as a feature of an information retrieval system is discussed. Various existing passage retrieval methods, their implementation and their efficiency are compared. I evaluated two different implementations of passage retrieval: direct passage retrieval and combined passage retrieval. In comparison combined passage retrieval turned out to be more efficient.

基于领域本体的政府信息检索系统的设计与实现

政府信息检索系统作为政府信息公开平台的重要组成部分，对于用户从大量信息中准确查找所需信息起到关键作用，然而现有政府信息检索系统存在两个主要问题：一是系统采用的基于关键词匹配的检索技术忽视了对于用户检索条件的语义的理解，缺乏对于文档实质内涵的准确描述；二是由于对政府信息领域知识的缺乏，用户不能很好地提出符合自己检索需求的检索条件。这两个问题导致检索结果远远不能满足用户的要求。 本体是“概念模型的明确的规范说明”，它提供明确定义的词汇表，描述概念和概念之间的关系，被当作某个领域内不同主体之间进行交流的一种语义基础。它被广泛的应用于信息检索，特别是基于知识的检索中，能显著提高检索系统的查全率和查准率。 本文提出了构建政府信息领域本体并将其应用于政府信息检索系统的方案。首先，研究了现有的领域本体构建方法；在分析了政府信息领域的特点，考察了该领域可用资源的基础上，提出了基于政务主题词表的政府信息领域本体的构建方法。该方法充分利用了《综合电子政务主题词表》中已有的主题词和关系，保证了本体概念添加的完备性和科学性，减少了对领域专家的依赖，提高了构建效率。 设计和实现了基于领域本体的政府信息检索系统。该系统以领域本体为核心，对检索条件进行了扩展，既解决了检索词同政府信息中的公文用词存在差异的问题，又进一步明确了用户的检索需求；对政府信息文档进行了语义标注，提高了检索匹配时的准确度。同时，系统将与检索条件相关的领域概念反馈给用户，便于用户了解领域知识，进一步优化检索条件，获得更全更准的检索结果。

O ensino de procedimentos de política de indexação na perspectiva do conhecimento organizacional: uma proposta de programa para a educação à distância do bibliotecário

A política de indexação deve ser constituída de estratégias que permitam o alcance dos objetivos de recuperação do sistema de informação. O indexador tem a função primordial de compreender o documento ao realizar uma análise conceitual que represente adequadamente seu conteúdo. Utilizando a leitura como evento social/protocolo verbal em grupo, nosso objetivo é contribuir com a literatura sobre política de indexação e apresentar propostas de ensino de política de indexação direcionadas a alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, além de uma experiência de educação à distância com vistas à formação do bibliotecário em serviço. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a metodologia pode ser utilizada por sistemas de informação para que se tenha acesso ao conhecimento do indexador. Conclui que o indexador deve ser o alvo de investimento dos sistemas de informação e sugere aos sistemas de informação que a experiência do indexador também seja utilizada como parâmetro para política de indexação.

A SYSTEMIC CONCEPT OF THE GENE

The univocal correspondence between one gene and one polypeptide has been challenged by many examples of ambiguities. A rapidly expanding list of one-to-many or many-to-one correspondences includes: genomic rearrangements, alternative processing of transcripts, overlapping translation frames, RNA editing, alternative translation modes, and polyprotein cleavage.The genomic message requires interpretation through decoding by a sophisticated information retrieval system which should also carry some kind of information. The full meaning of the whole cell, as a unit, is emphasized.The gene is a combination of (one or more) nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) sequences, defined by the system (the whole cell, interacting with the environment, or the environment alone, in subcellular or pre-cellular systems), that gives origin to a product (RNA or polypeptide).

A política de indexação na perspectiva do conhecimento organizacional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um Método para a Utilização de Ontologias na Indexação Automática

The indexing process aims to represent synthetically the informational content of documents by a set of terms whose meanings indicate the themes or subjects treated by them. With the emergence of the Web, research in automatic indexing received major boost with the necessity of retrieving documents from this huge collection. The traditional indexing languages, used to translate the thematic content of documents in standardized terms, always proved efficient in manual indexing. Ontologies open new perspectives for research in automatic indexing, offering a computer-process able language restricted to a particular domain. The use of ontologies in the automatic indexing process allows using a specific domain language and a logical and conceptual framework to make inferences, and whose relations allow an expansion of the terms extracted directly from the text of the document. This paper presents techniques for the construction and use of ontologies in the automatic indexing process. We conclude that the use of ontologies in the indexing process allows to add not only new feature to the indexing process, but also allows us to think in new and advanced features in an information retrieval system.

Ontologias no processo de indexação automática de documentos textuais

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

SNIIC: a plataforma digital de cultura brasileira sob a perspectiva das convergências entre o Design e a Ciência da Informação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ontologias no processo de indexação automática de documentos textuais

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC