Organización y métodos educativos de la Sección Filial 'Tajamar' : además del Bachillerato General se imparten en ella las enseñanzas de Electrónica del Bachillerato Laboral.

Se intercalan fotografías que ilustran las instalaciones y las actividades que se dan lugar en el 'Tajamar'

Does adding pharmaceutical medication contribute to empirically supported psychological treatment for anxiety disorders?

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Identi???cation of degrees of anxiety in children with three- and ???ve-face facial scales

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder and anxiety disorders in preschoolers

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Psychometric properties of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version in Spanish secondary education students

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Factors associated with prolonging psychological treatment for anxiety disorders

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Exploring the factorial structure of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 : invariance across language, gender, age and type of sport

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Temperamental Dimension and Anxiety Problems in a Clinical Sample of Three- to Six-year old Children: A Study of Variables

In the last few years, many researchers have studied the presence of common dimensions of temperament in subjects with symptoms of anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the association between temperamental dimensions (high negative affect and activity level) and anxiety problems in clinical preschool children. A total of 38 children, ages 3 to 6 years, from the Infant and Adolescent Mental Health Center of Girona and the Center of Diagnosis and Early Attention of Sabadell and Olot were evaluated by parents and psychologists. Their parents completed several screening scales and, subsequently, clinical child psychopathology professionals carried out diagnostic interviews with children from the sample who presented signs of anxiety. Findings showed that children with high levels of negative affect and low activity level have pronounced symptoms of anxiety. However, children with anxiety disorders do not present different temperament styles from their peers without these pathologies

Diseño de un sistema de control interno para una filial de una empresa multinacional de servicios petroleros, enfocado en precios de transferencia

Esta investigación pretender dar a conocer el marco teórico en el cual se enmarca el régimen de precios de transferencia y los elementos que lo conforman, enfocando el análisis de las diferentes temáticas en los principales lineamientos y directrices emitidas por la OCDE, cuyo principio fundamental es la plena competencia. Debido a que el concepto de precios de transferencia toma una dimensión importante en el contexto internacional, este trabajo incluye temas como la doble imposición y los instrumentos creados a fin de evitar los problemas que se pueden generar al momento de su fijación, así como una comparación de los pronunciamientos más destacados en esta materia. A fin de tener una aproximación a la realidad ecuatoriana, cada tema abordado incluye referencias a la normativa local. Este marco teórico no es más que un preámbulo para el estudio de caso enfocado en el diseño de controles internos en precios de transferencia para una empresa local de un grupo multinacional en el área de servicios petroleros. El trabajo de campo desarrollado contiene una revisión de los aspectos generales de la industria, el Grupo Multinacional y la Filial a fin de delimitar el campo de estudio y aplicación. El análisis de la compañía local incluye la determinación de áreas sensitivas y riesgos relacionados con precios de transferencia, antecedente necesario para el planteamiento de controles, que permitan mitigar o atenuar esos riesgos, enmarcados en el seguimiento de políticas corporativas y regulaciones que en el campo tributario han sido establecidas.

Human amygdala responses during presentation of happy and neutral faces: correlations with state anxiety

BACKGROUND: Previous functional imaging studies demonstrating amygdala response to happy facial expressions have all included the presentation of negatively valenced primary comparison expressions within the experimental context. This study assessed amygdala response to happy and neutral facial expressions in an experimental paradigm devoid of primary negatively valenced comparison expressions. METHODS: Sixteen human subjects (eight female) viewed 16-sec blocks of alternating happy and neutral faces interleaved with a baseline fixation condition during two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS: Within the ventral amygdala, a negative correlation between happy versus neutral signal changes and state anxiety was observed. The majority of the variability associated with this effect was explained by a positive relationship between state anxiety and signal change to neutral faces. CONCLUSIONS: Interpretation of amygdala responses to facial expressions of emotion will be influenced by considering the contribution of each constituent condition within a greater subtractive finding, as well as 1) their spatial location within the amygdaloid complex; and 2) the experimental context in which they were observed. Here, an observed relationship between state anxiety and ventral amygdala response to happy versus neutral faces was explained by response to neutral faces.

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictor of Treatment Response to Venlafaxine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) holds promise as a noninvasive means of identifying neural responses that can be used to predict treatment response before beginning a drug trial. Imaging paradigms employing facial expressions as presented stimuli have been shown to activate the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, we sought to determine whether pretreatment amygdala and rostral ACC (rACC) reactivity to facial expressions could predict treatment outcomes in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods: Fifteen subjects (12 female subjects) with GAD participated in an open-label venlafaxine treatment trial. Functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to facial expressions of emotion collected before subjects began treatment were compared with changes in anxiety following 8 weeks of venlafaxine administration. In addition, the magnitude of fMRI responses of subjects with GAD were compared with that of 15 control subjects (12 female subjects) who did not have GAD and did not receive venlafaxine treatment.Results The magnitude of treatment response was predicted by greater pretreatment reactivity to fearful faces in rACC and lesser reactivity in the amygdala. These individual differences in pretreatment rACC and amygdala reactivity within the GAD group were observed despite the fact that 1) the overall magnitude of pretreatment rACC and amygdala reactivity did not differ between subjects with GAD and control subjects and 2) there was no main effect of treatment on rACC-amygdala reactivity in the GAD group.Conclusions: These findings show that this pattern of rACC-amygdala responsivity could prove useful as a predictor of venlafaxine treatment response in patients with GAD.

Anxiety-induced response perseverance and stereotyping change

This study examined anxiety as a potential moderator of stereotype change. Previous work has independently demonstrated an increase in stereotyping under conditions of high anxiety as well as following attempts to suppress stereotypic thought. The combination of these two antecedent conditions might thus be expected to produce an additive increase in stereotyping. In contrast to an additive pattern, however, we observed an interaction between anxiety and suppression task instruction. Whilst both the instruction to suppress (in the absence of anxiety) or anxiety (in the absence of the instruction to suppress) did independently increase stereotyping, when the two co-occurred, there was no change. We explain this interaction by considering work from neuropsychological domain on response perseverance: cognitive overload (one consequence of anxiety) may inhibit the ability to switch between modes of perception. These findings suggest a potentially important moderator for attempts to suppress social stereotypes, and point to the efficacy of integrating work from diverse domains for understanding the operation of executive processes in person perception.

Can we harness computerised cognitive bias modification to treat anxiety in schizophrenia? A first step highlighting the role of mental imagery

A new wave of computerised therapy is under development which, rather than simulating talking therapies, uses bias modification techniques to target the core psychological process underlying anxiety. Such interventions are aimed at anxiety disorders, and are yet to be adapted for co-morbid anxiety in psychosis. The cognitive bias modification (CBM) paradigm delivers repeated exposure to stimuli in order to train individuals to resolve ambiguous information in a positive, rather than anxiety provoking, manner. The current study is the first to report data from a modified form of CBM which targets co-morbid anxiety within individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Our version of CBM involved exposure to one hundred vignettes presented over headphones. Participants were instructed to actively simulate the described scenarios via visual imagery. Twenty-one participants completed both a single session of CBM and a single control condition session in counter-balanced order. Within the whole sample, there was no significant improvement on interpretation bias of CBM or state anxiety, relative to the control condition. However, in line with previous research, those participants who engage in higher levels of visual imagery exhibited larger changes in interpretation bias. We discuss the implications for harnessing computerised CBM therapy developments for co-morbid anxiety in schizophrenia.