Desenvolvimento da linguagem oral em crianças afastadas da família de origem

For a complete development of oral language it's necessary the development of genetic roots of thought and utterance postulates by Vygotsky, yet the meditation of adult and the influence social and cultural that is around the child. In cases of children moved away from their birth family by judicial ways because of neglect there, is a new modality of refuge in Brazil, that is the home refuge, which is the object of our research. The present study shows an investigation about the development of speech in a child that was moved away from his birth family and forwarded to Foster Family to comprehend the contributions and activities that help in child development. The research was performed through an approach of qualitative interpretation of bibliographic type and area type. The data analysis allowed us conclude the new social and cultural way that the watched child was inserted helps in his development in a significant way enabling a qualitative jump in speech and psychic functions phase

Desenvolvimento da oralidade em crianças de três a quatro anos: descrevendo jogos e brincadeiras que produzem novas formas de comportamento

The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language

Alfabetização e letramento: as nuances desses fenômenos por meio dos gêneros do discurso

Literature sample that the basic literacy with literacy differentiates the development of the citizens forming them to act in critical way in society. This research had as objective to analyze nuances of the basic literacy process and literacy of a pupil who little if express verbally, in the classroom, having the discursivos sorts as entered. Case study is about a research of qualitative interpretativa boarding of the type. The data had been collected by the following instruments: systematic comment, interviews with three professors of the citizen, daily of field and written production of the citizen. The results of the research point, on the other hand, with respect to the education of the writing and initial reading that if restricts to the basic literacy concept as technique of the writing, codification and decoding, without advancing for the basic literacy as apprehension and understanding of meanings. On the other hand, they point that the initial writing is organized to reach only the independent literacy, while the ideological literacy is distant of the pertaining to school universe, in the initial years of Basic Education

Importância da resposta auditiva de estado estável no diagnóstico da surdez em lactentes com risco para a deficiência auditiva: correlações com os achados do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Morfofisiologia de rastros branquiais de Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbatá) criados em ambientes perturbados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento da linguagem oral em crianças afastadas da família de origem

For a complete development of oral language it's necessary the development of genetic roots of thought and utterance postulates by Vygotsky, yet the meditation of adult and the influence social and cultural that is around the child. In cases of children moved away from their birth family by judicial ways because of neglect there, is a new modality of refuge in Brazil, that is the home refuge, which is the object of our research. The present study shows an investigation about the development of speech in a child that was moved away from his birth family and forwarded to Foster Family to comprehend the contributions and activities that help in child development. The research was performed through an approach of qualitative interpretation of bibliographic type and area type. The data analysis allowed us conclude the new social and cultural way that the watched child was inserted helps in his development in a significant way enabling a qualitative jump in speech and psychic functions phase

Desenvolvimento da oralidade em crianças de três a quatro anos: descrevendo jogos e brincadeiras que produzem novas formas de comportamento

The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language

Alfabetização e letramento: as nuances desses fenômenos por meio dos gêneros do discurso

Literature sample that the basic literacy with literacy differentiates the development of the citizens forming them to act in critical way in society. This research had as objective to analyze nuances of the basic literacy process and literacy of a pupil who little if express verbally, in the classroom, having the discursivos sorts as entered. Case study is about a research of qualitative interpretativa boarding of the type. The data had been collected by the following instruments: systematic comment, interviews with three professors of the citizen, daily of field and written production of the citizen. The results of the research point, on the other hand, with respect to the education of the writing and initial reading that if restricts to the basic literacy concept as technique of the writing, codification and decoding, without advancing for the basic literacy as apprehension and understanding of meanings. On the other hand, they point that the initial writing is organized to reach only the independent literacy, while the ideological literacy is distant of the pertaining to school universe, in the initial years of Basic Education

Importância da resposta auditiva de estado estável no diagnóstico da surdez em lactentes com risco para a deficiência auditiva: correlações com os achados do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Risk factors for swallowing dysfunction in stroke patients

CONTEXT: Stroke is a frequent cause of dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a tertiary care hospital the prevalence of swallowing dysfunction in stroke patients, to analyze factors associated with the dysfunction and to relate swallowing dysfunction to mortality 3 months after the stroke. METHODS: Clinical evaluation of deglutition was performed in 212 consecutive patients with a medical and radiologic diagnosis of stroke. The occurrence of death was determined 3 months after the stroke. RESULTS: It was observed that 63% of the patients had swallowing dysfunction. The variables gender and specific location of the lesion were not associated with the presence or absence of swallowing dysfunction. The patients with swallowing dysfunction had more frequently a previous stroke, had a stroke in the left hemisphere, motor and/or sensitivity alterations, difficulty in oral comprehension, alteration of oral expression, alteration of the level of consciousness, complications such as fever and pneumonia, high indexes on the Rankin scale, and low indexes on the Barthel scale. These patients had a higher mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Swallowing evaluation should be done in all patients with stroke, since swallowing dysfunction is associated with complications and an increased risk of death.

Esophageal contractions, bolus transit and perception of transit after swallows of liquid and solid boluses in normal subjects

CONTEXT: Esophageal dysphagia is the sensation that the ingested material has a slow transit or blockage in its normal passage to the stomach. It is not always associated with motility or transit alterations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in normal volunteers the possibility of perception of bolus transit through the esophagus after swallows of liquid and solid boluses, the differences in esophageal contraction and transit with these boluses, and the association of transit perception with alteration of esophageal contraction and/or transit. METHODS: The investigation included 11 asymptomatic volunteers, 4 men and 7 women aged 19-58 years. The subjects were evaluated in the sitting position. They performed swallows of the same volume of liquid (isotonic drink) and solid (macaroni) boluses in a random order and in duplicate. After each swallow they were asked about the sensation of bolus passage through the esophagus. Contractions and transit were evaluated simultaneously by solid state manometry and impedance. RESULTS: Perception of bolus transit occurred only with the solid bolus. The amplitude and area under the curve of contractions were higher with swallows of the solid bolus than with swallows of the liquid bolus. The difference was more evident in swallows with no perception of transit (n = 12) than in swallows with perception (n = 10). The total bolus transit time was longer for the solid bolus than for the liquid bolus only with swallows followed by no perception of transit. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the perception of esophageal transit may be the consequence of inadequate adaptation of esophageal transit and contraction to the characteristics of the swallowed bolus.

Revisão analítica das escalas de disfagia

INTRODUÇÃO: Instrumento eficiente para medição da disfagia, facilmente reprodutível e estatisticamente consistente, deveria fornecer dados mais consistentes sobre os resultados e acompanhamento de doenças com disfagia. As propostas existentes mostram ampla cobertura na avaliação do sintoma disfágico. OBJETIVOS: Analisar as escalas de disfagia disponíveis sugerindo as que permitem avaliação mais objetiva e estatisticamente consistente, e não apenas ferramenta de mensuração, e sugerir as que melhor quantificam o sintoma e úteis para seguimento dos pacientes. MÉTODO: Foram pesquisados os seguintes descritores no Pubmed: "disfagia", "escala", "index", "score". Dez artigos foram selecionados entre 1995 e 2012 com propostas de escalas para a disfagia. RESULTADOS: A maioria das escalas não atingiram os requisitos para serem classificadas como ferramenta completa na avaliação de qualquer disfagia. Muitas são específicas para uma única doença, e poucas com maior abrangência, não têm consistência estatística. Para disfagia orofaríngea (cervical), as escalas FOIS e ASHA são citadas com mais frequência. Na disfagia motora (cervical), a de Zaninotto e Youssef têm aplicabilidade prática, mas ambas necessitam de validação estatística. A de Zaninotto parece ser mais precisa por incluir mais variáveis (disfagia, dor no peito e azia). As escalas que cobrem as duas formas de disfagia (ASHA e DHI) são bem diferentes em seus objetivos. A DHI é escala publicada recentemente examina os dois tipos de disfagia e tem validação estatística bem estruturada. Importante passo no futuro seria testar essa nova proposta com amostra mais expressiva e representativa, provavelmente consagrando esse novo instrumento de avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: As escalas mais frequentes de disfagia relatadas nos últimos 17 anos têm propósito e estruturas diferentes. As escalas FOIS e ASHA são muitas vezes utilizadas para a avaliação da disfagia orofaringeana (região cervical), ambas focadas em terapia nutricional. Para a avaliação motora baixa, a escala de Zaninotto e Youssef tem aplicação prática, e a DHI parece representar a ferramenta mais promissora na avaliação global da disfagia.

Distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em profissionais de enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as evidências sobre o adoecimento de trabalhadores de enfermagem pelos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT). MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando as bases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), BVS Enfermagem, Scopus e Banco de Teses da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) obtendo-se 17 estudos. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se que os DORT acometem os profissionais de enfermagem e relacionam-se às condições inadequadas dos ambientes de trabalho, à organização e estrutura do trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário investir em programas preventivos, capacitações, educação em saúde, estratégias de intervenção e organização dos serviços existentes.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho e distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho entre profissionais de enfermagem

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) com os distúrbios osteomusculares (DORT) entre profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em bloco cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, transversal e correlacional, do qual participaram 211 trabalhadores de Enfermagem de 11 hospitais de Londrina-PR, Brasil. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados três instrumentos: caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, Escala Visual Analógica e o Questionário Nórdico. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes era de auxiliares de enfermagem (62,6%), do sexo feminino (87,1%), casados (54,5%), com idade média de 40 anos. Dentre os participantes, 38,9% apresentavam queixas osteomusculares na região inferior das costas e 37,9%, na região dos ombros. Neste estudo, a QVT obteve associação estatisticamente significante com os distúrbios osteomusculares na região lombar e dos ombros nos últimos 12 meses (p=0,00). CONCLUSÃO: A ausência de lombalgia contribuiu significativamente para elevar a medida de QVT (p=0,010), embora o modelo final de regressão tenha explicado, apenas 22,6% da variância da medida de QVT.

Validade discriminante do questionário de qualidade de vida da Universidade de Washington no contexto brasileiro

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade discriminante do questionário de qualidade de vida da Universidade de Washington para pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço e identificar possíveis fatores sociodemográficos que modifiquem seus resultados. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistados 47 pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe em estágio pré-cirúrgico em um hospital no sul do município de São Paulo em 2007, e 141 pacientes sem câncer, pareados por sexo e idade em uma proporção de três para um, que foram atendidos em ambulatórios do mesmo hospital em 2008. Os resultados obtidos para os dois grupos foram comparados pelo teste t de Student. Para os pacientes sem câncer utilizou-se análise de regressão de Poisson para avaliar possíveis fatores de modificação da qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: O escore geral de qualidade de vida foi significantemente mais elevado (p < 0,001) para os pacientes sem câncer (91,1) do que para os pacientes com câncer (80,6). Observações análogas foram efetuadas para oito dos doze domínios de qualidade de vida compreendidos no questionário (dor, aparência, deglutição, mastigação, fala, ombros, paladar e ansiedade). Como possíveis fatores de modificação dos escores de qualidade de vida foram identificados renda familiar (com impacto nos domínios de recreação, p = 0,017, e função dos ombros, p = 0,049), escolaridade (em ansiedade, p = 0,003), sexo (em função dos ombros, p = 0,038) e dor de dente (em mastigação, p = 0,015). CONCLUSÕES: O questionário tem validade discriminante, pois seus escores são especificamente mais afetados para pacientes com câncer. Reforça-se a indicação do questionário para monitorar o tratamento e recomenda-se avaliar os fatores que podem causar impacto nesses indicadores.