Classroom of students watching demonstration of closed-circuit TV

Students watch monitors that show a voltage meter being filmed in the Automotive Dept by department head William C. H. Meyer as part of a demonstration of a new technique in closed-circuit television. This is one of a series of photographs accompanying a press release about the development and demonstration of the new technique at the New York Trade School. Original caption reads, "In a classroom on another floor, students all have "front row" seats for the demonstration. Camera concentrates on close-up of a meter, where readings show the result of the voltage-regulator check. Instructor (standing at microphone) is Arthur Richards." Black and white photograph with accompanying caption.

Planejamento e implementação (implantação, suporte e manutenção) de uma infra-estrutura de educação a distância realizada pela PROCERGS : o caso da Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Este trabalho apresenta as etapas para planejamento e implementação (implantação, suporte e manutenção) de uma infra-estrutura de educação a distancia realizado pela PROCERGS – Cia de Processamento de Dados do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A infra-estrutura de EAD implantada pela PROCERGS foi aplicada através de um curso para 12 turmas de alunos da SE (Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul), que é uma entidade educacional referenciada pelo programa de inclusão digital do Governo do Estado do RS. A infra-estrutura de EAD utilizou as instalações da PROCERGS para testes do curso, onde foi constituída uma equipe de trabalho, formado por um consultor em informática na educação, técnicos do corpo funcional da PROCERGS e funcionários do cliente. A infraestrutura de EAD foi composta por uma rede local montada no centro de treinamento da PROCERGS, disponibilizado com software de EAD denominado Teleduc e acesso a internet, que possibilitou aos alunos, professor e monitor, um relacionamento através de aulas presenciais e via internet. A continuidade das aulas pela internet foi apoiada pelos serviços de help-desk da PROCERGS, 24 horas ao dia e sete dias na semana. Durante o curso foram registradas ocorrências relativas ao desempenho da infraestrutura de EAD, especificamente quanto à participação dos alunos, trocas de informações e consultas ao monitor e professor, apoio dos recursos de software, hardware e comunicações, bem como a qualidade do atendimento aos alunos. Esta implementação proporcionou conhecer e avaliar alguns resultados, tais como fatores negativos e sucesso, itens a serem melhorados, conhecimentos relevantes adquiridos e importantes considerando a continuidade destes trabalhos para utilização nos demais clientes do Estado.

Cortical diversity in three species groups of Parmotrema sensu lato (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diet and trophic groups of an aquatic insect community in a tropical stream

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Conserved Karyotypes in Cophomantini: Cytogenetic Analysis of 12 Species from 3 Species Groups of Bokermannohyla (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Is the evolutionary history of the O-type P element in the saltans and willistoni groups of Drosophila similar to that of the canonical P element?

We studied the occurrence of O-type P elements in at least one species of each subgroup of the saltans group, in order to better understand the phylogenetic relationships among the elements within the saltans group and with those of species belonging to the willistoni group. We found that the O-type subfamily has a patchy distribution within the saltans group (it does not occur in D. neocordata and D. emarginata), low sequence divergence among species of the saltans group as well as in relation to species of the willistoni group, a lower rate of synonymous substitution for coding sequences compared to Adh, and phylogenetic incongruities. These findings suggest that the evolutionary history of the O-type subfamily within the saltans and willistoni groups follows the same model proposed for the canonical subfamily of P elements, i.e., events of horizontal transfer between species of the saltans and willistoni groups.

Simultaneous Determination of Two Groups of Elements in Milk by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Evaluation of Ruthenium Modifiers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Morphological variation in two genetically distinct groups of the golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica (Amphibia : Urodela)

Morphometric and colour pattern variation in the endemic Iberian salamander Chioglosso lusitanica is concordant with the genetic differentiation of two groups of populations separated by the Mondego river ill Portugal. Salamanders from the south have shorter digits than those from the north. Clinal variation with a south to north increase in limb. toe and finger length was found superiniposed on this dichotomy resulting in stepped clines for characters describing appendage size. Genetic variability was paralleled by colour pattern variability in the contact zone and in northern populations. To explain the observed parallels we invoke the neutral processes of vicariant isolation. admixture in a secondary contact zone, genetic drift in addition to selection acting along all environmental gradient. Morphological constraints imposed by a highly specialized ecological niche may explain why the genetic subdivision of C. lusitanica since the early, Pleistocene has remained fairly cryptic.

Isotopic characterization of the metabasites and amphibolites of the Acungui and Setuva Groups of the Ribeira Belt

Pb, Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd isotope analyses were carried out on amphibolitic rocks from Campo Largo (PR), Rio Branco do Sul (PR) and Adrianópolis (PR) and for the metabasite from Adrianópolis and Apiai (SP), all belonging to the Açungui and Setuva Groups, southern portion of the Ribeira Belt. These occurrences were chosen because each exhibits geochemical data indicative of a mantle source, having different signatures. Geochronologic determinations are available only for the Apiai metagabbro with Neoproterozoic ages of 617 ± 4 Ma (U/Pb in zircon) and 839 ± 85 Ma (Rb/Sr, whole rock). Age determinations by Sm/Nd mineral isochron using whole rock, plagioclase and pyroxene yield values of 885 ± 53 Ma for the Apiai metagabbro and 820 ± 84 Ma for the Adrianópolis metabasite. These results agree within error with the Rb/Sr isochron of 839 ± 85 Ma may possibly be interpreted as the time of extraction of the magma from the mantle, as suggested by positive εNd(850) values (+2,76) from an Adrianópolis sample. An εNd values versus 87Sr/86Sr diagram shows that each studied occurrence plots in a different position, following approximately the mantle array trend, the most primitive being the metabasite of Adrian-acopolis, near the MORB field, and the most enriched being the amphibolite from the same region, near the enriched mantle and or crustal contamination field. The distinct difference in isotopic signatures between the amphibolite and metabasite suggests derivation from different mantle sources, as supported by available geochemical data. Nevertheless, some of the samples show isotopic evidence of the action of metamorphism, crustal contamination and weathering.

2010-2011 programme of work of the working groups of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of ECLAC

Includes bibliography

Report of working groups of permanent secretaries and directors of agricultural research

Presenta una serie de consideraciones acerca de la importancia de la investigacion agricola como fuente de crecimiento del sector y de la necesidad de colaboracion entre las agencias de investigacion nacionales y regionales, asi como los criterios recomendados para hacer efectiva dicha colaboracion.

Entendendo o aprendizado em Ciências, por meio da escrita dos alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Interações sociais e o discurso sobre o visível e o invisível em aulas de química

Estuda, a partir da interação e do diálogo, a elaboração de explicações em aulas de química, tendo em vista aspectos teóricos e empíricos deste conhecimento. Participaram da pesquisa uma professora e sua turma de 26 alunos, do primeiro ano do ensino médio, de uma escola pública do município de Belém-Pa. Foi planejada uma aula envolvendo a realização de um experimento sobre a formação da ferrugem. Foram formados quatro grupos de alunos para realizar o experimento. Após observarem o experimento, os quatro grupos de alunos discutiram entre si, em seguida, em conjunto com a professora e, posteriormente, a professora discutiu com a turma toda. Os diálogos ocorridos nos grupos e na turma toda foram filmados e transcritos integralmente. Recorremos à análise microgenética para analisarmos o diálogo de um dos grupos sem a presença da professora, do mesmo grupo com a presença da professora e da turma toda. Identificamos nos diálogos as seqüências das quais emergiram as explicações. Nestas sequências utilizamos as categorias propostas por Mortimer e Scott (2002) para analisar as intenções, o conteúdo, a abordagem comunicativa, os padrões de interação e as intervenções da professora. As análises nos possibilitaram compreender e discutir como os alunos elaboram explicações em aulas e, em cada uma delas a participação dos aspectos teóricos e empíricos do conhecimento químico. Assim, observamos que as explicações elaboradas pelos alunos levaram em conta conhecimentos de diferentes origens: a observação empírica do experimento, as aprendizagens escolares prévias, conceitos cotidianos e os conhecimentos teóricos compartilhados pela professora. Predominou uma abordagem comunicativa dialógica, mas quando foi necessário para a elaboração da explicação relacionar o conhecimento empírico com o teórico, a abordagem comunicativa foi, predominantemente, de autoridade.

Undergraduate research in medical education: a descriptive study of students' views

Background: Medical students engage in curricular and extracurricular activities, including undergraduate research (UR). The advantages, difficulties and motivations for medical students pursuing research activities during their studies have rarely been addressed. In Brazil, some medical schools have included undergraduate research into their curriculum. The present study aimed to understand the reality of scientific practice among medical students at a well-established Brazilian medical school, analyzing this context from the students' viewpoint.Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire applied to students from years one to six enrolled in an established Brazilian medical school that currently has no curricular UR program.Results: The questionnaire was answered by 415 students, 47.2% of whom were involved in research activities, with greater participation in UR in the second half of the course. Independent of student involvement in research activities, time constraints were cited as the main obstacle to participation. Among students not involved in UR, 91.1% said they favored its inclusion in the curriculum, since this would facilitate the development of such activity. This approach could signify an approximation between the axes of teaching and research. Among students who had completed at least one UR project, 87.7% said they would recommend the activity to students entering the course.Conclusion: Even without an undergraduate research program, students of this medical school report strong involvement in research activities, but discussion of the difficulties inherent in its practice is important to future developments.