Planning for Wooded Acreages and Woodlands,August 2005

PEOPLE OWN WOODED ACREAGES and woodlands for a variety of reasons that may include: timber production, firewood production, recreation, wildlife habitat, aesthetics, and alternative forest products. Most of Iowa���s forestland is privately held, and the majority of ownership is fragmented into an average of ten acres (Forest Reserve Survey, 2004). In fact, the average size of an individual forest or woodlot ownership has been steadily declining for several years due in part to population growth, urban sprawl, and changes in land ownership. Studies indicate that the probability of a sustainable woodlot decreases as the population increases. At the same time, most woodlot owners want to be good stewards and protect and enhance the forest that they own. To achieve this goal, careful forest planning and management is required especially when managing the land for multiple objectives.

The importance of environmental exposures to physical, mental and social well-being

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" states the WHO. However, the current focus in this important area seems to be on reducing diseases, while less attention is paid on aspects how to increase the well-being of populations. This paper reviews three examples where well-being has drawn attention of the public and policy makers, and compares the policies of two wealthy countries. The first example is noise. Noise can reduce sleep quality and cause physiological, mental, and social effects. In Switzerland, noise receives a lot of attention by the public. Swiss laws are extensive, e.g., they prohibit trucks and planes from traveling at night. In the USA, there is little public attention and no national strategy against environmental noise. The second example is aesthetics and recreation. Many humans seek contact with the beauty of nature. The USA and Switzerland have similar strategies for achieving clear waters, while the protection of scenic views is approached very differently. Lifestyle is the last example. In the USA, the desire for individual freedom is a leading cause for suburban sprawl, a car-dependent sedentary lifestyle resulting in obesity, asthma and loss of community spirit. In Switzerland, a strict land use planning seeks to balance individual and public interests and stresses public transportation, which seems to be a more promising approach. Paying attention to aspects of well-being while developing political strategies might be a promising model to tackle environmental problems. Successful strategies employed so far seem to include the public, local authorities, politicians and scientists in this process, which might have been a key for their success. [Authors]

Uuden testamentin estetiikka

Kirjoitus perustuu klassillis-filologisen yhdistyksen kokouksessa 5.10.2004 pidettyyn esitelm����n

Classification of indian classical vocal styles from melodic contours

A prominent categorization of Indian classical music is the Hindustani and Carnatic traditions, the two styleshaving evolved under distinctly different historical andcultural influences. Both styles are grounded in the melodicand rhythmic framework of raga and tala. The styles differ along dimensions such as instrumentation,aesthetics and voice production. In particular, Carnatic music is perceived as being more ornamented. The hypothesisthat style distinctions are embedded in the melodic contour is validated via subjective classification tests. Melodic features representing the distinctive characteristicsare extracted from the audio. Previous work based on the extent of stable pitch regions is supported by measurements of musicians��� annotations of stable notes. Further, a new feature is introduced that captures thepresence of specific pitch modulations characteristic ofornamentation in Indian classical music. The combined features show high classification accuracy on a database of vocal music of prominent artistes. The misclassifications are seen to match actual listener confusions.

Carnatic music: Svara, Gamaka, Motif and Raga identity

Over the last century in Karnatik music, the method ofunderstanding raga has been to break it down into its variouscomponents, svara, scale, gamaka, and phrases. In this paper, an attempt is made to define the abstract concept of raga in its entirety within the aesthetics of Karnatik music considering the various components and their symbiotic relationship. This paper also attempts to prove that theidentity of a raga exists as a whole. Section 2 explains theconcept of a fundamental musical note or svara. Section 3 illustrates the concept of gamaka or inflections. Section 4 delves into the concept of raga in detail and then flows into Section 5 which enunciates the identity of a raga in terms of svara, gamaka, and phraseology. The paper concludes in Section 6, and Section 7 gives the references.

Tornar amb el cos a la ciutat, despr��s d'haver-lo perdut. El cos, en p��blic

Xavier Antich opina que la vida col��lectiva ha usurpat el lloc del cos a la ciutat. I davant d'aquesta realitat, les xarxes socials a Internet semblen un intent de recuperar el cos i reconstruir-lo en un espai sense aparents limitacions

L'autre du m��me : emprunts et r��p��titions dans le "Roman de Perceforest"

Issu de la fin du Moyen ��ge, le Roman de Perceforest est le plus long texte que le Moyen ��ge nous ait laiss��. Il entend d��crire la vie des anc��tres pr��chr��tiens d'Arthur et de ses chevaliers en les faisant descendre d'Alexandre le Grand. Au fil de son r��cit, l'auteur met en place une v��ritable po��tique de la reprise, tant externe qu'interne. Il multiplie les r��f��rences �� des textes pr��existants issus de diff��rentes mati��res et va m��me jusqu'�� en int��grer des morceaux entiers. Il reprend par ailleurs des parties de sa propre oeuvre, n'h��sitant pas �� reproduire des sch��mas, voire des s��quences narratives pr��cises. Cette esth��tique r��p��titive a plusieurs cons��quences, tant sur l'appartenance g��n��rique du texte, sur sa construction, que sur sa r��ception par le lecteur. Elle est au coeur de notre ��tude. Nous nous int��ressons plus sp��cifiquement �� un ph��nom��ne particulier de reprise qui montre l'int��gration d'une s��quence pr��existante dans un contexte distinct de son apparition d'origine et que nous qualifions d'emprunt. Notre travail s'organise autour d'un examen successif des diff��rents types d'emprunts qui apparaissent au sein du texte, tant intertextuels qu'intratextuels. �� terme, c'est la coh��rence et l'individualit�� du Perceforest, ainsi que la conception de l'��criture qui anime son auteur que nous mettons en avant, tout en proposant des jalons pour une th��orie g��n��rale de l'emprunt. - The Roman de Perceforest, the longest known text from the Middle Ages, aims to describe the life of Arthur's pre-christian ancestors and knights, presenting them as descendants of Alexander the Great. Along the storytelling, a genuine poetics of external and internal repetition takes place: the Perceforest s authors multiply the references to previous texts belonging to several materials, integrating sometimes entire parts of other texts. Furthermore the narrative reproduces its own patterns and particular sequences in different places of the text. Throughout this research, we consider the influence of such repetition aesthetics on the literary genre definition, on its construction as well as on the reader's reception. In this dissertation, we explore a specific category of repetitions where pre-existing sequences are embedded in a narrative context that differs from the original context of occurrence, which we called emprunt (s). Reviewing the species of inter- and intra-textual recurrences occurring within the text, we reveal some overlooked aspects of the consistency, the specificity of the Perceforest and its author's idea of writing, striving to groundwork on general theory of ��emprunts�� that shall thereby be laid.

La fantasia il��lustrada : la fantasia lliure en la segona meitat del segle XVIII

La Fantasia Il��lustrada ��s un treball d���investigaci�� entorn la fantasia lliure, g��nere compositiu de la segona meitat del segle XVIII. Aprofundeix, a partir d���un extens buidatge bibliogr��fic, en els coneixements sobre aquest g��nere oblidat, ubicant-lo en el seu entorn musical i social, i reconeix l���empremta que va deixar en l���est��tica d���aquells anys, la qual justifica la seva v��lua i el clam per reivindicar el reconeixement que es mereix. Per tal d���aconseguir aquest fi, aquest treball elabora sobre les diferents realitats est��tiques de meitat de segle, sobre l���art de la jardineria, sobre Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, i sobre la pr��ctica improvisativa.

L'Anatomia art��stica a l"Escola de Belles Arts de Barcelona. Els casos de Jeroni Faraudo (1823-1886) i de Tiberio ��vila (1843-1932)

[cat] Aquest article se centra en la significaci�� i transcend��ncia de l"assignatura d"Anatomia art��stica a l"Escola de Belles Arts de Barcelona durant la segona meitat del segle XIX i principis de segle XX. S"empren, com a fil conductor, les figures de Jeroni Faraudo i Condeminas (1823-1886) i de Tiberio ��vila Rodr��guez (1843-1932), els dos primers professors que impartiren la mat��ria i que romanen, en l"actualitat, pr��cticament in��dits. El coneixement de l"ideari de Faraudo i d"��vila permet completar el panorama de l"evoluci�� de les idees est��tiques a la Catalunya del moment i, alhora, contribueix a la comprensi�� de l"erosi�� de la primacia de l"antic en l"aprenentatge oficial de les arts a Catalunya. [spa] Este art��culo se centra en la significaci��n y transcendencia de la asignatura de Anatom��a art��stica en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de Barcelona durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios de siglo XX. Se emplean, como hilo conductor, las figuras de Ger��nimo Faraudo Condeminas (1823-1886) y de Tiberio ��vila Rodr��guez (1843-1932), los dos primeros profesores que impartieron la materia y que permanecen, en la actualidad, pr��cticamente in��ditos. El conocimiento del ideario de Faraudo y de ��vila permite completar el panorama de la evoluci��n de las ideas est��ticas en la Catalu��a del momento y, al mismo tiempo, contribuye a la comprensi��n de la erosi��n de la primac��a del antiguo en el aprendizaje oficial de las artes en Catalu��a. [eng]This article focuses on the subject of Artistic Anatomy at the Barcelona School of Fine Arts during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, discussing its signification. The connecting thread of this article are Jeroni Faraudo i Condeminas (1823-1886) and Tiberio ��vila Rodr��guez (1843-1932), its first two teachers, who remain nowadays practically unknown. The knowledge of their ideas completes the history of contemporary Catalan aesthetics and also contributes to the comprehension of the erosion in the primacy of the use of ancient models in the official artistic teaching in Catalonia.

Fantasmas insurrectos

Aqu�� se ver�� c��mo la senda marcada por la heterolog��a de Bataille, nueva ciencia de los fantasmas nacida de las ruinas del racionalismo ilustrado y del monote��smo religioso, permite trazar el mapa de otras sendas, ocultas y secretas, que tambi��n buscaron la insurrecci��n contra la raz��n dominante en el cuerpo social y en el cuerpo individual; y se ver�� sobre todo, finalmente, paseando por el viejo Par��s en compa����a de Desnos, c��mo las cruentas victorias sobre nuestros fantasmas, as�� como los monumentos que las celebran, se han erigido siempre a costa de los inocentes

Iron��as de la iron��a: argumento dial��ctico, figura ret��rica o categor��a est��tica

[spa] El art��culo plantea una breve revisi��n de la idea de iron��a desde el punto de vista de la ret��rica y sus derivaciones en algunos de los estudios ling����sticos del siglo XX. Se parte de la clasificaci��n tradicional de la iron��a socr��tica, la iron��a ret��rica y la iron��a rom��ntica para centrar el an��lisis en aspectos b��sicos del fen��meno ir��nico tales como la oposici��n, la verosimilitud, la complicidad con el int��rprete o el papel desempe��ado por el contexto. [eng] This article is a brief review of the concept of irony from the point of view of rhetoric and its influences in some of the twentieth century linguistic studies. The review begins with the traditional classification of Socratic irony, rhetoric irony and romantic irony in order to focus the analysis on some fundamental elements of ironic phenomenon such as opposition, verisimilitude, camaraderie with the interpreter or the role played by the context.

L'Anatomia art��stica a l"Escola de Belles Arts de Barcelona. Els casos de Jeroni Faraudo (1823-1886) i de Tiberio ��vila (1843-1932)

[cat] Aquest article se centra en la significaci�� i transcend��ncia de l"assignatura d"Anatomia art��stica a l"Escola de Belles Arts de Barcelona durant la segona meitat del segle XIX i principis de segle XX. S"empren, com a fil conductor, les figures de Jeroni Faraudo i Condeminas (1823-1886) i de Tiberio ��vila Rodr��guez (1843-1932), els dos primers professors que impartiren la mat��ria i que romanen, en l"actualitat, pr��cticament in��dits. El coneixement de l"ideari de Faraudo i d"��vila permet completar el panorama de l"evoluci�� de les idees est��tiques a la Catalunya del moment i, alhora, contribueix a la comprensi�� de l"erosi�� de la primacia de l"antic en l"aprenentatge oficial de les arts a Catalunya. [spa] Este art��culo se centra en la significaci��n y transcendencia de la asignatura de Anatom��a art��stica en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de Barcelona durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios de siglo XX. Se emplean, como hilo conductor, las figuras de Ger��nimo Faraudo Condeminas (1823-1886) y de Tiberio ��vila Rodr��guez (1843-1932), los dos primeros profesores que impartieron la materia y que permanecen, en la actualidad, pr��cticamente in��ditos. El conocimiento del ideario de Faraudo y de ��vila permite completar el panorama de la evoluci��n de las ideas est��ticas en la Catalu��a del momento y, al mismo tiempo, contribuye a la comprensi��n de la erosi��n de la primac��a del antiguo en el aprendizaje oficial de las artes en Catalu��a. [eng]This article focuses on the subject of Artistic Anatomy at the Barcelona School of Fine Arts during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, discussing its signification. The connecting thread of this article are Jeroni Faraudo i Condeminas (1823-1886) and Tiberio ��vila Rodr��guez (1843-1932), its first two teachers, who remain nowadays practically unknown. The knowledge of their ideas completes the history of contemporary Catalan aesthetics and also contributes to the comprehension of the erosion in the primacy of the use of ancient models in the official artistic teaching in Catalonia.

La escoba y el caballo: algunas reflexiones sobre la humanidad del juego

Starting from the premise that the term"play" can mean practically anything, the author reflects on the topic of play using the concepts of freedom, play community, exhibition and simulation. Play is not an exclusively human activity. However, there is a human way of playing, which has been the subject of debate throughout the history of thought. The human aspects of play could be consid-ered a demonstration of freedom through the acceptance of rules.

Sublimidad y nihilismo en la cultura del barroco

Este trabajo estudia el concepto de"lo sublime" en la cultura barroca, con el objetivo de demostrar que, aunque no fue teorizado sistem��ticamente hasta el siglo XVIII, este cobr�� durante el siglo XVII una centralidad y, sobre todo, un significado filos��fico semejantes a los que se impondr��an posteriormente y que, seg��n veremos, est�� estrechamente ligado con el concepto de"nihilismo".

Control remoto del robot ABB IRB 120 por tecnolog��a Wifi

Durante toda la evoluci��n de la tecnolog��a, se han empleado aparatos interconexionados por cables. Los cables limitan la libertad de movimiento del usuario y pueden captar interferencias entre ellos si la red de cableado es elevada. Mientras avanzaba la tecnolog��a inal��mbrica, se ha ido adaptando al equipamiento electr��nico a la vez que se iban haciendo cada vez m��s peque��os. Por esto, se impone la necesidad de utilizarlos como controles a distancia sin el empleo de cables debido a los inconvenientes que estos conllevan. El presente trabajo, pretende unificar tres tecnolog��as que pueden tener en el futuro una gran afinidad. �� Dispositivos basados en el sistema Android. Desde sus inicios, han tenido una evoluci��n mete��rica. Se han ido haciendo cada vez m��s r��pidos y mejores. �� Sistemas inal��mbricos. Los sistemas wifi o bluetooth, se han ido incorporando a nuestras vidas cada vez m��s y est��n pr��cticamente en cualquier aparato. �� Rob��tica. Cualquier proceso de producci��n incorpora un robot. Son necesarios para hacer muchos trabajos que, aunque el hombre lo puede realizar, un robot reduce los tiempos y la peligrosidad de los procesos. Aunque las dos primeras tecnolog��as van unidas, ��qui��n no tiene un tel��fono con conexi��n wifi y bluetooth?, pocos dise��os a��nan estos campos con la Rob��tica. El objetivo final de este trabajo es realizar una aplicaci��n en Android para el control remoto de un robot, empleando el sistema de comunicaci��n inal��mbrico. La aplicaci��n desarrollada, permite controlar el robot a conveniencia del usuario en un entorno t��ctil/teledirigido. Gracias a la utilizaci��n de simulador en ambos lenguajes (RAPID y Android), ha sido posible realizar la programaci��n sin tener que estar presente ante el robot objeto de este trabajo. A trav��s de su progreso, se ha ido evolucionando en la cantidad de datos enviados al robot y complejidad en su procesamiento, a la vez que se ha mejorado en la est��tica de la aplicaci��n. Finalmente se us�� la aplicaci��n desarrollada con el robot, consiguiendo con ��xito que realizara los movimientos que eran enviados con la tablet programada.