917 resultados para Accounting standards system


Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities – An Interpretation of ARB No. 51, in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003, with the objective to improve the transparency of financial information. Under FIN 46, companies are required to consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) on financial statements if they are the primary beneficiaries of the VIEs. This dissertation empirically examines whether the implementation of this new financial reporting guidance affects firms’ accruals quality and investment efficiency. A manually collected sample comprised of firms affected by FIN 46 and firms disclosing no material impact from FIN 46 is used in the empirical analyses.The first part of the dissertation investigates the effects of FIN 46 on accruals quality. By using different accrual quality measures in prior studies, this study found that firms affected by FIN 46 experienced a decrease in accrual quality compared to firms reporting no material impact from FIN 46. Among the firms affected by FIN 46, firms consolidating VIEs were compared with firms terminating or restructuring VIEs. The accruals quality of firms consolidating VIEs was found to be lower than that of firms terminating or restructuring VIEs. These results are consistent in tests using alternative control samples.The second part of this dissertation examines the effects of FIN 46 on investment efficiency. Mixed results were found from using two different proxies used in prior literature. Using the investment-cash flow sensitivity to proxy for investment efficiency, firms affected by FIN 46 experienced a decrease in investment efficiency compared to firms reporting no material impact. It was also found that higher investment-cash flow sensitivity for firms consolidating VIEs during post-FIN 46 periods compared to both the no-impact firms and the matched pair control sample. Contrasting results were found when the deviation from expected investment is used as another proxy for investment efficiency. Empirical analyses show that FIN 46 firms experienced improved investment efficiency measured by the deviation from expected investment after their adoption of FIN 46. This study also provides explanations for the opposite results from the two different proxies.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Organizations within the public- and the private sector have different aims with their accounting. Privately held organizations often have the intention to make profit, while authorities within the public sector aim to provide citizens with different services. The difference between these two sectors is also visible in the legislation, where International Accounting Standards Board set the standards for privately held organizations and Ekonomistyrningsverket do the same for the public sector. Because of the larger demand by the society for knowledge and technology, included in the category intangible assets, these are more emphasized in the accounting for organizations. Intangible assets are although linked with complexity which is associated with the measurement. The purpose of this study is therefore to see whether there are any existing differences in how to measure and value intangible assets and internally generated ones between listed companies in the private sector and authorities operating in the public sector. This study is conducted with both a qualitative and quantitative perspective. The data collected for this study is secondary, and is gathered through samples of annual reports from different companies in order to be representative for the whole population. The main results of this study is that there are differences in the measurement and valuation of intangible assets dependent on which sector an organization operates within and this is not due to the standards and regulations. The differences are visible in the percentage change in value of intangible assets since they fluctuate more heavily in the private sector than in the public sector. Simultaneously, the proportions of internally generated intangible assets compared to intangible assets in general differ between the two sectors.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

On 28 July 2010, the Nigerian Federal Executive Council approved January 1, 2012 as the effective date for the convergence of Nigerian Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS) or Nigerian GAAP (NG-GAAP) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). By this pronouncement, all publicly listed companies and significant public interest entities in Nigeria were statutorily required to issue IFRS based financial statements for the year ended December, 2012. This study investigates the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the financial statements of Nigerian listed Oil and Gas entities using six years of data which covers three years before and three years after IFRS adoption in Nigeria and other African countries. First, the study evaluates the impact of IFRS adoption on the Exploration and Evaluation (E&E) expenditures of listed Oil and Gas companies. Second, it examines the impact of IFRS adoption on the provision for decommissioning of Oil and Gas installations and environmental rehabilitation expenditures. Third, the study analyses the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the average daily Crude Oil production cost per Barrel. Fourth, it examines the extent to which the adoption and implementation of IFRS affects the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of listed Oil and Gas companies. The study further explores the impact of IFRS adoption on the contractual relationships between Nigerian Government and Oil and Gas companies in terms of Joint Ventures (JVs) and Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) as it relates to taxes, royalties, bonuses and Profit Oil Split. A Paired Samples t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Gray’s (Gray, 1980) Index of Conservatism analyses were conducted simultaneously where the accounting numbers, financial ratios and industry specific performance measures of GAAP and IFRS were computed and analysed and the significance of the differences of the mean, median and Conservatism Index values were compared before and after IFRS adoption. Questionnaires were then administered to the key stakeholders in the adoption and implementation of IFRS and the responses collated and analysed. The results of the analyses reveal that most of the accounting numbers, financial ratios and industry specific performance measures examined changed significantly as a result of the transition from GAAP to IFRS. The E&E expenditures and the mean cost of Crude Oil production per barrel of Oil and Gas companies increased significantly. The GAAP values of inventories, GPM, ROA, Equity and TA were also significantly different from the IFRS values. However, the differences in the provision for decommissioning expenditures were not statistically significant. Gray’s (Gray, 1980) Conservatism Index shows that Oil and Gas companies were more conservative under GAAP when compared to the IFRS regime. The Questionnaire analyses reveal that IFRS based financial statements are of higher quality, easier to prepare and present to management and easier to compare among competitors across the Oil and Gas sector but slightly more difficult to audit compared to GAAP based financial statements. To my knowledge, this is the first empirical research to investigate the impact of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of listed Oil and Gas companies. The study will therefore make an enormous contribution to academic literature and body of knowledge and void the existing knowledge gap regarding the impact and implications of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of Oil and Gas companies.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Los fondos de empleados en Colombia constituyen en tamaño el segundo grupo más importante de las entidades de Economía Solidaria, después del grupo de las Cooperativas -- A partir del año 2016 deberán aplicar las normas internacionales de información financiera (NIIF), hecho que les impactará principalmente en el patrimonio, debido a que la NIC 32 para las Pymes establece que serán recursos patrimoniales aquellos que no se devuelven cuando el asociado se retira del fondo -- Como en este momento el patrimonio lo constituyen en su gran mayoría parte de los ahorros que hace el asociado, conocidos como Aportes Sociales, y estos se devuelven cuando el asociado se retira, dichos aportes deberán reclasificarse como un pasivo, razón por la cual el patrimonio de los fondos quedará bastante reducido -- El presente trabajo muestra cómo quedará el patrimonio de los fondos de empleados después de la reclasificación de los aportes sociales como pasivos, y las alternativas que se podrán aplicar para reponer los recursos reclasificados -- Estas entidades no van a entrar en crisis por ese hecho, pero sí deberán implementar estrategias de corto y largo plazo que les permita, no sólo reponer los recursos reclasificados, sino también fortalecer su patrimonio para que en el futuro no vayan a tener dificultades que afecten su viabilidad

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

IFRS 9 Financial instruments presents the classification and measurement, the impairment and the hedge accounting requirements for accounting of financial instruments. The standard was set by the International Accounting Standards Board to replace IAS 39 Financial instruments: Recognition and Measurement on 1 January 2018. Hence, the long-criticized and complexly experienced requirements for accounting of financial instruments will undergo the most significant reform. This thesis addresses anticipated effects of IFRS 9, focusing on the challenges the new classification and measurement requirements bring forth in the case organization Kesko. This thesis was conducted as an action research, in which, a case study method was applied. The thesis was conducted with a twofold manner, which involved general analysis of IFRS 9 and further covered distinct ambitions related to the case organization. For the general part, empirical data was gathered by interviewing two IFRS experts from KPMG and PwC, while the interviews within the case organization constituted for the case study. Further, the literature on the IFRS 9 was such scant that the theoretical examination was merged with the IFRS experts’ quotations that also strived to contribute to the overall objective of reinforcing the body of research related to the subject. This thesis indicates that IFRS 9 will most fundamentally reform the impairment and the hedge accounting requirements of financial instruments. Regard to impairment, the changes are anticipated to increase the amount of loan-loss provisions, whereas the relaxed hedge accounting requirements are expected to encourage more companies to commence the application of hedge accounting. The thesis provides empirical support on that the term business model for managing financial assets, introduced in IFRS 9, is ably hard to comprehend and remains ambiguous. It goes on to argue that the most prominent issue in defining the business model for managing financial assets is the limits set in IFRS 9 for selling financial assets. In consideration of Kesko, this thesis finds that the key effects of IFRS 9 are anticipated to be the reshaping of the organization’s treasury policy and further examination of the possibility to apply hedge accounting for foreign exchange derivatives. What is more, the thesis presumes that complying the requirements of IFRS 9 Kesko will apply the hold to collect and sell model for managing financial assets in future.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa Multi-Institucional e Inter-Regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2015.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Worldwide convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), ongoing since 2002, is a requirement if international comparability between publicly listed companies is to be ensured. Convergence is examined from the point of view of regulators, accountants, and users of financial information. For this purpose, data on 534 companies from the global automotive industry is used. This paper concludes that worldwide convergence is mostly being effective. Its triumph, however, varies depending on the set of accounting standards being compared to IFRS. Options within IFRS, national tax regulation, cultural differences, different company strategies and country resistance are found to hinder convergence.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—UnB/UFPB/UFRN, Programa MultiInstitucional e Inter-Regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2016.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multiinstitucional e Inter-Regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2016.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Preparar a mudança é uma necessidade que se impõe à Administração Pública a fim de melhorar a qualidade da informação e do controlo sobre a gestão dos seus recursos humanos, financeiros e materiais. Na senda da melhoria contínua, o Exército Português tem procurado equiparar-se aos seus congéneres, explorando as tecnologias disponíveis, tendo como objetivo para 2016 dar continuidade ao desenvolvimento do projeto de implementação da Contabilidade Analítica através do Sistema Integrado de Gestão do Ministério da Defesa Nacional. A Contabilidade Analítica surge revigorada no recente Decreto-Lei nº 192/2015 - Sistema de Normalização Contabilística para as Administrações Públicas - visando satisfazer diversas necessidades de informação no processo de tomada de decisão. No entanto, este tipo de ferramenta deve ser concebida em colaboração com os decisores, no sentido de se ajustarem às reais necessidades da organização. A presente investigação aplicada tem como objetivo verificar se o Sistema Integrado de Gestão do Ministério da Defesa Nacional tem capacidade e potencialidade para disponibilizar informação analítica relevante para apoiar o processo de tomada de decisão dos Órgãos Centrais de Comando do Exército Português. Numa primeira fase, além da pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental, foram feitas entrevistas exploratórias aos principais intervenientes que estiveram presentes nos projetos de implementação da Contabilidade Analítica levados a cabo no Exército. Posteriormente, foram entrevistados em cada Órgão Central de Comando, os Comandantes/Diretores/Chefes e os principais conselheiros na área financeira. Os resultados apontam para a existência de um considerável interesse por parte dos entrevistados relativamente à utilidade da informação analítica no apoio à tomada de decisão. Contudo, este tipo de informação não se encontra atualmente disponível, sendo necessário o reforço ou organização de um núcleo afeto em exclusividade à Contabilidade Analítica, bem como proceder à formação e mentalização dos utilizadores desta ferramenta aos vários níveis da hierarquia.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Uno de los ámbitos menos estudiado y que afectaría al incentivo que las entidades financieras tienen para originar operaciones de titulización es el marco contable aplicado a los derechos de crédito utilizados como subyacente en el momento de su cesión. El trabajo de investigación que se ha realizado para esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo demostrar la existencia de diferencias significativas en el tratamiento de la baja contable de los activos titulizados dentro de los marcos contables aplicados a los países que conforman la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos, esto es, las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) y las Financial Accounting Standards (FAS), respectivamente. Nuestro análisis sugiere que esas diferencias han tenido un impacto material en las entidades de crédito originadoras de este tipo de operaciones en términos, principalmente, de cesión de riesgo de crédito o transferencia de activos a terceros, aunque de diferente signo en función de que estuviesen a un lado u otro del Atlántico. Tanto en el pasado como actualmente, los activos titulizados bajo el marco normativo estadounidense han conseguido la baja contable en mayor proporción que los titulizados bajo el marco contable europeo. Ese tratamiento diferenciado de los activos involucrados en operaciones de titulización ha tenido, además, repercusiones en la rentabilidad económica que las entidades originadoras pueden obtener a partir de estas operaciones, en los indicadores de la fortaleza financiera de las mismas y, en último término en la actividad crediticia de los bancos. Este estudio aporta evidencias que sugieren la necesidad de una mayor convergencia entre los dos sistemas contables IASB y FASB, fundamentalmente en la conceptualización de la transferencia de activo sobre la base del mismo criterio, bien sea la transmisión de riesgos y beneficios asociados al mismo como ocurre en las NIIF o a la transmisión del control sobre dicho activo como ocurre en las FAS.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La modificación realizada en el año 2004 por el International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) de la normativa contable reguladora del reconocimiento del fondo de comercio y su deterioro – la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera nº 3 (NIIF 3) y la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad nº36 (NIC 36) – no parece haber alcanzado los objetivos perseguidos, a consecuencia de la utilización discrecional, por parte de gestores y administradores, de la flexibilidad otorgada por la normativa contable de deterioro, que se esperaba mejoraría la utilidad de la información financiera suministrada al mercado y transmitiría unas mayores cotas de información interna sobre los fundamentos económicos subyacentes en la firma y los flujos de efectivo futuros esperados. II. OBJETIVOS El objetivo principal de la tesis es contrastar empíricamente la existencia de discrecionalidad por parte de los gestores a la hora de contabilizar el deterioro del fondo de comercio y analizar los principales intereses corporativos que pueden conducir a dicha discrecionalidad estimando, cuantitativamente, su impacto en la decisión de deteriorar o no el fondo de comercio así como en la cuantía reconocida por deterioro de este activo. El ámbito territorial de nuestro estudio se centra en las empresas cotizadas en España, dada su pertenencia al ámbito de aplicación de las NIC-NIIF y su importancia cuantitativa, en términos de PIB, dentro de la zona euro, con objeto de aportar nuevas evidencias empíricas acerca de cómo los intereses corporativos afectan a las hipótesis empleadas en la valoración posterior del fondo de comercio y, por ende, en la decisión final de deteriorarlo o no así como en la cuantía por deterioro a reconocer, en el marco de las NIC-NIIF...

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O processo de Harmonização Contabilística é um processo que surge em consequência do processo de Globalização da Economia. Com a evolução do comércio global, exige-se que a informação contabilística seja mais uniforme entre os diversos países/continentes, para que os utilizadores dessa informação possam tomar as melhores decisões. Em Portugal, o referido processo tem sido influenciado pela regulamentação produzida a nível europeu. Fruto desta influência, a partir de 01 de janeiro de 2005 as empresas cotadas em bolsa ficaram obrigadas a aplicar as International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) e as Standing Interpretations Committee/International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (SIC/IFRIC), de acordo com o Regulamento 1606/CE/2002. Em 2003, a CNC elaborou um projeto de linhas de orientação para um novo modelo de normalização contabilística, documento que serviria de base ao Projeto do novo Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC), tendo o novo SNC entrado em vigor em 1 de janeiro de 2010. É, pois, dentro destas alterações introduzidas no normativo contabilístico nacional que se desenvolve este estudo, que tem como principal objetivo analisar e quantificar os impactos sobre o Capital Próprio, decorrentes da adoção do SNC em empresas do setor agrícola. Para o efeito utilizamos uma amostra de 6980 empresas do referido setor. Dos resultados obtidos concluímos que 4910 empresas, o que representa 70,34% do total, apresentaram alterações no Capital Próprio. A rubrica Reserva foi aquela que mais vezes sofreu variações, tendo sido alterada no Balanço de 4008 empresas. As alterações no Capital Próprio têm impacto nos rácios de Solvabilidade Financeira e Autonomia Financeira. Uma análise desses indicadores permitiu-nos concluir que, em termos de Solvabilidade Financeira, 6,32 % das empresas (441) pioraram a sua situação, 81,15 % (5664) mantiveram-na inalterada e 6,72 % (469) melhoraram a sua Solvabilidade Financeira. Relativamente à Autonomia Financeira as variações foram menos significativas, pois 99,07 % (6915 empresas) mantiveram inalterado o seu desempenho, 0,11 % (8 empresas) pioraram a sua situação relativamente ao presente indicador e 0,19 % (13 empresas) melhoraram. No entanto, estes indicadores de equilíbrio financeiro devem ser analisados num contexto de transição, uma vez que não se verificou um real aumento ou diminuição da estrutura de Capitais Próprios destas empresas, mas apenas uma nova reconfiguração contabilística.