John Ludwig Krapf : the explorer-missionary of northeastern Africa / by Paul E. Kretzmann.

http://www.archive.org/details/johnludwigkrapfe00kretiala

Test-pattern selection for screening small-delay defects in very-deep submicrometer integrated circuits

Timing-related defects are major contributors to test escapes and in-field reliability problems for very-deep submicrometer integrated circuits. Small delay variations induced by crosstalk, process variations, power-supply noise, as well as resistive opens and shorts can potentially cause timing failures in a design, thereby leading to quality and reliability concerns. We present a test-grading technique that uses the method of output deviations for screening small-delay defects (SDDs). A new gate-delay defect probability measure is defined to model delay variations for nanometer technologies. The proposed technique intelligently selects the best set of patterns for SDD detection from an n-detect pattern set generated using timing-unaware automatic test-pattern generation (ATPG). It offers significantly lower computational complexity and excites a larger number of long paths compared to a current generation commercial timing-aware ATPG tool. Our results also show that, for the same pattern count, the selected patterns provide more effective coverage ramp-up than timing-aware ATPG and a recent pattern-selection method for random SDDs potentially caused by resistive shorts, resistive opens, and process variations. © 2010 IEEE.

Photoelectrocatalysis: Principles, nanoemitter applications and routes to bio-inspired systems

An overview on processes that are relevant in light-induced fuel generation, such as water photoelectrolysis or carbon dioxide reduction, is given. Considered processes encompass the photophysics of light absorption, excitation energy transfer to catalytically active sites and interfacial reactions at the catalyst/solution phase boundary. The two major routes envisaged for realization of photoelectrocatalytic systems, e.g. bio-inspired single photon catalysis and multiple photon inorganic or hybrid tandem cells, are outlined. For development of efficient tandem cell structures that are based on non-oxidic semiconductors, stabilization strategies are presented. Physical surface passivation is described using the recently introduced nanoemitter concept which is also applicable in photovoltaic (solid state or electrochemical) solar cells and first results with p-Si and p-InP thin films are presented. Solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies reach 12.1% for homoepitaxial InP thin films covered with Rh nanoislands. In the pursuit to develop biologically inspired systems, enzyme adsorption onto electrochemically nanostructured silicon surfaces is presented and tapping mode atomic force microscopy images of heterodimeric enzymes are shown. An outlook towards future envisaged systems is given. © 2010 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Slow light with a swept-frequency source.

ct: We introduce a new concept for stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-based slow light in optical fibers that is applicable for broadly-tunable frequency-swept sources. It allows slow light to be achieved, in principle, over the entire transparency window of the optical fiber. We demonstrate a slow light delay of 10 ns at 1.55 μm using a 10-m-long photonic crystal fiber with a source sweep rate of 400 MHz/μs and a pump power of 200 mW. We also show that there exists a maximal delay obtainable by this method, which is set by the SBS threshold, independent of sweep rate. For our fiber with optimum length, this maximum delay is ~38 ns, obtained for a pump power of 760 mW.

One hundred years of forgetting: A quantitative description of retention

A sample of 210 published data sets were assembled that (a) plotted amount remembered versus time, (b) had 5 or more points, and (c) were smooth enough to fit at least 1 of the functions tested with a correlation coefficient of .90 or greater. Each was fit to 105 different 2-parameter functions. The best fits were to the logarithmic function, the power function, the exponential in the square root of time, and the hyperbola in the square root of time. It is difficult to distinguish among these 4 functions with the available data, but the same set of 4 functions fit most data sets, with autobiographical memory being the exception. Theoretical motivations for the best fitting functions are offered. The methodological problems of evaluating functions and the advantages of searching existing data for regularities before formulating theories are considered.

Simulación de un problema en Cabrí Geometre en el estudio de las funciones lineal y cuadrática: subgrupo de tecnologías, edumat-uis escuela de matemáticas

En este trabajo se reportan los resultados obtenidos con 39 estudiantes del Instituto Santa María Goretti de Bucaramanga, institución que viene participando en el proyecto “Incorporación de Nuevas Tecnologías en el Currículo de Matemáticas de la Educación Básica y Media de Colombia” desde el año 2002, quienes dieron solución a un problema de una carrera de fórmula 1, donde Juan Pablo Montoya sale de pits con una aceleración de 4 m/seg2 y en ese mismo instante pasa Michael Schumacher con una velocidad constante de 252 Km/hora. Este problema fue simulado en Cabrí Geometry en una pista circular, para el estudio de las funciones lineal y cuadrática. El trabajo con la simulación permitió que las estudiantes identificaran con mayor precisión las variables y no variables y que a través de la toma de datos y análisis de ellos llegaran a obtener diferentes representaciones (numérica, grafica, tabular, algebraica) de las funciones lineal y cuadrática. Además de relacionar los conceptos aprendidos en el estudio del movimiento uniforme y uniformemente acelerado.

La calculadora gráfica en análisis

En este articulo se pretende hacer ver a los alumnos que el uso de una calculadora gráfica ayuda a comprender el rápido crecimiento de la función exponencial. Por otra parte, en la actividad del cálculo de un limite indeterminado, podemos observar cómo el uso de la calculadora nos permite justificar la necesidad de lo descomposición factorial de polinomios para obtener este tipo de límites, ya que la calculadora, debido a que utiliza un número finito de cifras decimales, puede llegar a introducir errores de bulto.

La calculadora gráfica en correlación y regresión

Este bloque temático nos brinda la ocasión de desarrollar y relacionar entre si una gran cantidad de los conceptos y procedimientos constitutivos del curriculum de los nuevos bachilleratos, tanto en la modalidad de ciencias sociales como en la de ciencias de la naturaleza y en la de tecnología, al interrelacionar modelos funcionales teóricos con estudios experimentales, análisis con estadística. Disponer en la actualidad de una herramienta como la calculadora grafica enriquece sobremanera su desarrollo, al permitir abordar el estudio de regresiones no lineales y obviar el farragoso trabajo de realización de cálculos repetitivos; en definitiva, permite dar prioridad al razonamiento sobre el cálculo.

La calculadora gráfica. Una herramienta para resolver un problema de evolución de especies

En este artículo se recoge brevemente el contenido y resultado de una experiencia llevada a cabo en clase, con un grupo de alumnos de 4.° curso de ESO. Se plantea el problema inicial de la evolución de un grupo de peces en una charco se obtiene un modelo matemático simple (la llamada función logística), que aproxima el problema, y después se estudian algunos casos interesantes de los que se obtienen diversos comportamientos, tanto regulares como caóticos.

Collaborating components in mesh-based electronic packaging

From the model geometry creation to the model analysis, the stages in between such as mesh generation are the most manpower intensive phase in a mesh-based computational mechanics simulation process. On the other hand the model analysis is the most computing intensive phase. Advanced computational hardware and software have significantly reduced the computing time - and more importantly the trend is downward. With the kind of models envisaged coming, which are larger, more complex in geometry and modelling, and multiphysics, there is no clear trend that the manpower intensive phase is to decrease significantly in time - in the present way of operation it is more likely to increase with model complexity. In this paper we address this dilemma in collaborating components for models in electronic packaging application.