Chitin and chitosan dissolved in ionic liquids as reversible sorbents of CO2

A novel dissolving process for chitin and chitosan has been developed by using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as a solvent, and a novel application of chitin and chitosan as substitutes for amino-functionalized synthetic polymers for capturing and releasing CO2 has also been exploited based on this processing strategy.

碳纳米管的组装

碳纳米管具有很多奇异的物理、化学性能,组装后的碳纳米管在光、磁、电、催化、机械等方面都展现出更加优异的特性,具有广泛的应用前景。本文对碳纳米管组装技术的现状和最新研究进展情况进行了综述,也讨论了组装机理,并对碳纳米管组装的未来进行了展望。

Controlled synthesis of L-lactide-b-epsilon-caprolactone block copolymers using a rare earth complex as catalyst

Well-defined block copolymers of L-lactide-b-epsilon-caprolactone were synthesized by sequential polymerization using a rare earth complex, Y(CF3COO)(3)/Al(iso-Bu)(3), as catalyst system. The compositions of the block copolymers could be adjusted by manipulating the feeding ratio of comonomers. The characterizations by GPC, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and DSC displayed that the block copolymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone-b-L-lactide) [P(CL-b-LLA)], had a narrow molecular weight distribution and well-controlled sequences without random placement.

La_(1-x)Li_xMnO_3体系的输运特性及EPR研究

利用固相反应法合成了掺杂锂的La1-xLixMnO3(x=0,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30)钙钛矿氧化物．XRD测试表明，所有样品均为菱方结构．除x=0,0.3外，其它样品均随温度的降低在液氮温区可观察到从绝缘态到金属态的转变，其中x=0.15样品的转变温度最高为167K．在H=1T的磁场下，出现了负磁阻现象．EPR谱上的ｇ＝2.00信号与Mn3+和Mn4+组成的复合团簇有关

Dependence of superconducting temperature on chemical bond parameters in YBa2Cu3O6+delta (delta=0-1)

The chemical bond parameters, that is ionicities and average energy gaps, for all types of chemical bonds in YBa2Cu3O6+delta have been investigated with variation of oxygen content delta (delta = 0.0, 0.35, 0.45, 0.58, 0.64, 0.73, 0.78, 0.81, 0.95, 1.00). The theory used is the complex crystal chemical bond theory, which is the development of P-V-L theory. The two plateaus near 90 K and 60 K in superconducting transition temperatures, and the disappearance of superconductivity with the change of oxygen content, were reasonably explained by chemical bond parameters. The results also showed that the Cu-O chains play a vital role in the transition from non-superconductors to superconductors, and the highest transition temperature occurred when the plane-chain reached a coupling state. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luminescence properties of the ternary terbium complexes with (ortho and para) aminobenzoic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline incorporated in silica matrix by a sol-gel method

Ternary complexes of terbium with ortho (and pam) aminobenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline were introduced into silica gel by the sol-gel method. The luminescence behavior of the solid-state samples was studied during the sol-gel aging process by means of emission. excitation spectra, lifetimes and quantum efficiencies.

THERMAL AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF PHENOLPHTHALEIN POLYETHERSULFONE POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE) BLENDS

The thermal and mechanical properties of phenolphthalein polyethersulfone/poly(phenylene sulfide) (PES-C/PPS) blends were studied using a differential scanning calorimeter, a dynamic mechanical analyzer, and mechanical characterization. The morphologies of fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The blends are multiphase systems with strong interaction between the two phases. It is of interest that, although the strength and ductility of PPS are lower than those of PES-C, the addition of PPS can improve markedly the impact strength of PES-C without changing its higher strength. The PPS can also act as a flow aid for PES-C. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Identification and immunoprotective analysis of an in vivo-induced Edwardsiella tarda antigen

Edwardsiella tarda is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect many important fish species cultured worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccine potential of an E. tarda antigen, Eta21, which was identified from a pathogenic E. tarda strain via the method of in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT). Eta21 is 510-amino acid in length and shares similar to 58% sequence identity with a putative peptidase of several bacterial species. eta21 was subcloned into Escherichia colt, and recombinant Eta21 was purified as a histidine-tagged protein. When used as a subunit vaccine, purified recombinant Eta21 was effective against lethal E. tarda challenge in a Japanese flounder model. In order to improve the immunoprotective efficacy of Eta21, the chimera AgaV-Eta21 was constructed, which consists of Eta21 fused in-frame to the secretion domain of AgaV, an extracellular beta-agarase. E. coli DH5 alpha harboring plasmid pTAET21, which constitutively expresses agaV-eta21, was able to produce and secret AgaV-Eta21 into the extracellular milieu. Vaccination of Japanese flounder with live DH5 alpha/pTAET21 elicited immunoprotection that is significantly higher in level than that induced by vaccination with purified recombinant Eta21. Vaccination with DH5 alpha/pTAET21 and recombinant Eta21 both induced the production of specific serum antibodies at four to eight weeks post-vaccination. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Eta21, especially that delivered by DH5 alpha/pTAET21, is an effective vaccine candidate against E. tarda infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Screening of salt tolerant watercress variants on natural seawater contained medium

The responses of stem segments of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) to 6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D were studied. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was used for callus initiation and maintenance. MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for plant regeneration and MS medium without plant hormone supplement was used for rooting and plant propagation. For screening of salt tolerant calli, stem segments of watercress were plated onto callus initiation medium containing 1/3 natural seawater. Seventeen out of the 325 plated explants produced calli. The growth curves demonstrated that the growth rate of salt-tolerant calli on saline medium almost matched that of the control calli on normal medium. Some of the salt-tolerant calli were transferred to the normal regeneration medium or saline regeneration medium to induce plant regeneration. In the first case, buds and shoots were regenerated in the same way as those of control calli on normal regeneration medium. More than 1 000 regenerated shoots were obtained of which 83 regenerated shoots were cut and transferred to saline MS base medium. At first, all shoot growth was inhibited, but 40 days after the transfer, rapid-growing axillary shoots were observed on 16 of the original shoots but none on the control shoots on saline MS base medium. Moreover, green spots appeared on most calli 10 days after they were transferred to saline medium, however buds appeared only on 5 calli from the 30 transferred calli and at the end only 2 rapid-growing shoots were obtained from two calli. In total, 18 variant lines were obtained through. propagation of the salt-tolerant shoots on saline MS base medium. RAPD analysis was performed in 10 of the 18 salt-tolerant variant lines and DNA variation was detected in all the tested variant lines.

抗旱性不同的春小麦品种籽粒萌发期α-淀粉酶活性及其同工酶分析

为了解春小麦萌发期生理生化变化对干旱胁迫的响应及为早期抗旱筛选鉴定提供科学依据,选用抗旱性不同的9个春小麦品种为材料,在20%聚乙二醇(PEG6000)干旱胁迫下和非干旱胁迫下进行萌发试验,研究了α-淀粉酶活性及其同工酶的表达。结果表明:1)在两种胁迫处理下,α-淀粉酶活性在品种间都存在着差异,但干旱胁迫下抗旱品种α-淀粉酶活性显著高于干旱敏感品种;2)α-淀粉酶活性与胚芽鞘长度之间呈显著正相关;3)在20%PEG6000胁迫下,抗旱品种α-淀粉酶同工酶受抑制较小,条带较多,胚芽鞘长度与主胚根长度受抑制较小。因此认为,抗旱品种在干旱胁迫下有着较高的萌发势,可能与具有表达α-淀粉酶同工酶的强势基因型有关;干旱胁迫下α-淀粉酶活性和α-淀粉酶同工酶可以作为春小麦抗旱性筛选和鉴定的指标。

矮嵩草草甸生物量季节动态及其与气候因子的关系

测定高寒矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸地上、地下生物量季节动态,分析生物量季节动态与气候因子的相关性,建立了地上生物量动态变化的模拟模型.结果表明:高寒矮嵩草草甸地上生物量动态变化历经萌动期、返青期、旺盛生长期、稳定期和折损减少期等5个阶段;地下生物量自5-9月表现出升高-降低-升高的变化规律,且变化幅度较高;2003年地下净生产量633.46 g/m2,周转率0.3193;利用海北高寒草甸多年观测资料,建立了气象因子影响植被年生产量的预报模型.

藏药7号水提液对大鼠离体胸主动脉条收缩作用的影响

目的通过观察藏药7号水提液对大鼠离体胸动脉条收缩作用的影响,研究藏药7号的降压机制.方法以生理盐水作为对照组,观察藏药7号水提液(6 g/L)和维拉帕米(Ver 0.013 g/L)对高K+液引起的主动脉条收缩的时效影响,观察对KCl、NE及CaCl2引起的大鼠主动脉条收缩的量效曲线的影响,以及对NE引起的依赖于细胞内钙及细胞外钙收缩的影响.结果藏药7号水提液抑制高K+液引起的主动脉收缩(P<0.001);而且可以使KCl、NE及CaCl2引起的大鼠主动脉条收缩的量效曲线非平行右移,最大效应降低,呈非竞争性拮抗作用(P<0.05);与维拉帕米相似,并且对NE引起的依赖于细胞内钙及细胞外钙的收缩均有抑制作用(P<0.05).结论提示藏药7号的降压机制与钙离子通道拮抗剂一致,而且其作用效果比Ver平稳,其最大作用与Ver相近.

巢中的位置对鸲岩鹨亲鸟递食率的影响

2002年4～8月在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站研究了鸲岩鹨（Prunella rubeculoides）亲鸟的递食率与巢中位置的关系。结果表明：亲鸟的总递食率对巢中的每个具体位置有显著变化（Kruskas-Wallis H = 14.633, P < 0.01, df = 3），雄性和雌性对巢中的位置有不同的响应，雄性对巢中的每个具体位置的递食率有显著差异（H = 16.720, P < 0.01, df = 3），而雌性递食率差异不显著（H = 3.557, P > 0.05, df = 3）；雄鸟和雌鸟间递食的方式随着日龄和日时间变化也有显著差异。结果证实巢中的位置能够影响鸲岩鹨亲代资源的分配，同时与证实了鸲岩鹨双亲对巢中的位置有不同的响应。

贵州平坝白云岩风化壳稀土超常富集层中稀土赋存状态的研究

以平坝白云岩风化壳剖面为例，主要利用化学连续提取的方法，结合透射电镜的分析，对碳酸盐岩风化壳岩-土界面附近的稀土超常富集层中REE的赋存状态进行了研究，获得了REE在水溶态及可交换态(相态Ⅰ)、碳酸盐结合态及专性吸附态(相态Ⅱ)、非晶质氧化铁锰结合态(相态Ⅲ)、晶质氧化铁锰结合态(相态Ⅳ)、有机质及硫化物结合态(相态Ⅴ)和残渣态(相态Ⅵ)等6种相态的含量及变化规律。结果表明，REE在富集层中主要以专性吸附态、残渣态和有机态为主。风化前缘可溶态稀土所占比例较高，为稀土在风化壳中的迁移、转化提供可能；基岩中原生含磷稀土矿物的风化产生的稀土磷酸盐矿物的聚集导致了残渣态稀土大量存在于风化前缘；此外，由于风化淋溶的不断进行，可溶态的REE在高的pH值条件与剖面中的有机质、铁锰氧化物和粘土矿物共同作用下沉淀、富集，也导致了风化前缘稀土的超常富集。