藏药秦艽、麻花艽中落干酸和龙胆苦甙的HPLC法含量测定

应用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定藏药秦艽、麻花艽中落干酸、龙胆苦甙含量.并比较了加热回流提取及超声提取两种方法对分析结果的影响.还测定了两种藏药全草及根、茎、叶、花等不同部位两种成分的含量.

Analysis of five pharmacologically active compounds from Rhodiola for natural product drug discovery with capillary electrophoresis

A rapid capillary electrophoresis method for the separation of five natural pharmacologically active compounds from extracted Rhodiola, namely salidroside, tyrosol, rhodionin, gallic acid and ethyl gallate has been developed. The separation of five natural pharmacologically active compounds was carried out in a fused-silica capillary with 14 mM boric acid, 30 mM SDS and 2.5% acetonitrile, adjusted to pH 10.7 with NaOH. Applied potential was 21 kV. The temperature of the capillary was maintained at 25 degreesC by the instrument thermostating system, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9805-0.9989 for migration time, and relative standards of < 3.52% for peak areas. The established method is rapid and reproducible for the separation of five natural pharmacologically compounds from extracts of Rhodiola with satisfactory results.

基于神经网络的旋翼飞行机器人故障诊断方法

本文针对旋翼飞行机器人传感器故障提出了自适应阈值神经网络故障检测与辨识方法.基于自适应阈值的方法比传统的神经网络故障诊断方法具有更好的检测与辨识效果.最后，此方法使用SIA-Heli-90旋翼飞行机器人飞行数据进行了验证，结果显示基于自适应阈值的神经网络方法对于旋翼飞行机器人传感器故障检测与辨识具有良好的应用效果。

全球定位系统的车辆定位问题——GPS动态绝对定位模式的研究

随着GPS（全球卫星定位系统）技术的成熟与发展，利用GPS技术进行车辆定位正地被广泛地应用。例如金融系统（运钞车）、公安部门（110报警车）、消防部门（119消防车）、急救中心（120救护车）等。但是，利用GPS进行车辆定位跟踪的传统方法是采用差分GPS技术。该技术的实现需要大量的资金投入，不适于我国目前的经济状况。寻求一种投资少并能实现基本功能的算法从工程角度讲，具有十分现实的意义。本文以“沈阳市消防通讯作战指挥系统”为背景，以单台GPS接收机动态定位模式为实现条件，对车辆定位的实现进行了详细的讨论。首先，建成立了WGS-84坐标系到BJ-54坐标系之间的坐标转换模型，其次，提出了一种基于类投影的地图匹配算法，最后基于该算法进行了实际车辆定位实验。从实验结果看，该算法基本实现了车辆定位的功能。

地质环境的地球化学研究—贺“环境地质学的出现”发表30周年暨中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室成立10周年

1972年刘东生院土撰文发表了“环境地质学的出现”。中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室于1992年正式成立，刘东生院士的环境地质学学术观点聚焦于：环境地质学发展的动力源于社会需要，地球环境系统的整体性及其与人类关系的相互依存性。30年来，地质环境的地球化学研究以区域环境质量和全球环境变化两大科学问题作了基本目标，经历了调查评价，区域综合和界面机理3个发展阶段，研究重点是典型区域环境演化的发生学原理，谱系特征以及健康和生态效应，云贵高原地质环境的特殊性显示出青藏隆起对周边现代环境的影响。环境地质学以“地质学与人类”为宗旨，将在21世纪为人类谋求更多的福利。

Biolog方法在区分城市土壤与农村土壤微生物特性上的应用

通过利用环境微生物研究中比较可靠有效的Biolog方法研究了英国阿伯丁市城市土壤与邻近农村土壤的微生物群落结构和功能多样性，结果表明在重金属元素胁迫下，城市土壤的微生物群落结构与农村土壤相比已经发生了显著的改变，从而导致城市土壤微生物在利用能源碳方面包括消耗量、消耗速度、能源碳的利用种类等发生了一系列改变，使城市土壤显著区别于农村土壤。

贵阳花溪河蚬壳体氧、碳同位素组成的特征

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea Müller,1774)是原产自我国及东南亚地区的一种淡水双壳类生物,后随船只的往来传遍了世界各地,是许多江河和湖泊生态系统中的关键物种之一,也是欧美等地河湖中数量最多的外来物种[1-4].河蚬具有惊人的气候和环境适应能力,对外界环境的变化,河蚬不像其他一些水生生物那样从一个生态系统中消失,而是改变自己去适应外界的变化,从而继续生存下去.为此,许多学者对它的地理分布、生态环境、形态结构及生长繁殖等方面做过专门研究.

对“论华南地区金矿床的成矿时代”一文的几点看法——兼论雪峰山金矿带加里东期成矿的可能性

陈柏林先生在“论华南地区金矿床的成矿时代”一文中的对华南金矿床成矿时代的特点进行了较详细的论述，但陈柏林先生文章中的一些观点、结论尚存在商榷之处，为此，提出了几点不同的看法，强调矿石铅模式年龄和H-O同位素图解在矿床学中应用的局限性。雪峰山金矿带是华南金矿的重要组成部分，结合目前已有的地质研究成果和年代学数据，提出了与陈柏林先生文章不同的观点，认为该区的加里东期金成矿非常明显.

上芒岗金矿床成矿作用过程研究

上芒岗金矿床位于三江褶皱系怒江大断裂西南段，龙陵～瑞丽大断裂(F_1)南东盘，上芒岗次级断裂(F_4)之中。赋矿地层为下二叠统沙子坡组(P_(1s))和中侏罗统勐嘎组(J_(2m))。矿石主要有两种类型，硅质矿石和粘土质矿石；前者主要由石英和少量黄铁矿所组成，金品位平均为2 * 10~(-6)；后者主要由伊利石、高岭石和黄铁矿所组成，金品位一般为2 * 10~(-6) ～ 4 * 10~(-6)。矿石中金星次显微状态，主要元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Ba。矿床以强烈的黄铁粘土岩化为特征，热液蚀变作用过程即是金矿化作用过程。根据热液蚀变的矿物共生组合及其生成序次，将金矿化作用过程分为五个阶段：黄铁矿-石英阶段(I)；镁贝得-白云石阶段(II)；辉锑矿-石英阶段(IlI)：黄铁矿-高岭石-伊利石阶段(IV)；网脉状石英阶段(V)。其中黄铁矿-高岭石-伊利石阶段(IV)是金矿化的主成矿阶段。该矿床属于卡林型金矿床。由石英流体包裹体获得不同成矿阶段的温度为，成矿阶段I：210～170 ℃、成矿阶段III：190～160 ℃、成矿阶段V：173～144 ℃。伊利石-水氢同位素温度计测得成矿阶段IV的温度为165 ℃。石英流体包裹体液相成分以K~+、Na~+和Cl~- (F~-)为主，其次为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和HC0_3~-，由早到晚K~+、Na~+和Cl~-降低，而Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和HC0_3~-升高；气相组分以C0_2为主。石英流体包裹体成分富F，其含量高达8.03 * 10~(-3) mol／kg，正是由于成矿热液富含F，Al才可以与F形成络合物进入热液迁移，即Al成为活动组份，从而形成该矿床所独特的强烈粘土岩化蚀变。稀土元素特征方面，矿石和赋矿地层下二叠统沙子坡以及中侏罗统勐嘎组岩石的稀土配分曲线十分相似，均为右倾型，但是两者的稀土元素总量不同，前者的相对较高。矿石和蚀变岩具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线，但是矿石的稀土元素总量相对较高。与勐嘎组泥岩相比，粘土质蚀变岩和矿石更加富集轻稀土元素，并且更富Eu。这些特征表明，粘土质蚀变岩和矿石是由热液作用形成的，而不是风化作用的产物；矿石与赋矿地层在物质来源上有亲缘关系。不同矿段、不同阶段和不同类型矿石和蚀变岩的Au、Ag、As以及Sb的含量同步变化，这表明在整个成矿作用过程中，成矿流体来源统一，且在成矿体系起主导作用。不同类型的矿石及蚀变岩中Au与Al_20_3，和TFe的含量呈正相关，表明黄铁粘土岩化与成矿关系最为密切。矿石铅同位素~(208)Pb／~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb／~(204)Pb和~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为39.12～39.54、15.85～15.95、19.75～20.33；沙子坡组(P_(1s))岩石铅同位素比值分别为:38.407～37.868、15.921～15.589、22.685～22.367;孟嘎组(J_(2m))岩石铅同位素比值分别为：39.499～39.222，15.821～15.772、19.207～18.709。在铅同位素组成相关图中矿石与地层铅的投影点分别集中成群分布。矿石铅与地层铅呈线性分布，而且矿石铅的集中区位于沙子坡组铅集中区和勐嘎组铅集中区之间。这些特征表明矿石铅系由沙子坡组铅和勐嘎组铅混合而成。成矿热液的δ~(18)O由早到晚逐渐升高，I、III、IV、V阶段流体的δ~(18)O值分别为-4.2‰，+0.59‰；+0.76‰，+1.98‰，表现出明显的漂移特征；而δD则表现出高度的一致性，变化范围为-82.5 ～ 79.48‰。由此认为成矿热液系大气降水起源。成矿热液氢、氧同位素组成的这种规律性变化还说明，成矿热液的演化具有继承性和连续性。应用CHILLERR软件包，对上芒岗金矿床的成矿作用过程进行化学反应途径数字模拟。所展示的成矿作用过程为：大气降水沿断裂带下渗，加热循环，获取成矿物质(但不排除有深源成矿物质加入的可能性)；形成起始成矿热液：T = 200℃ P = 228.8bar；pH = 4.4；fs_2 = 10~(-9.89); fo_2 = 10~(-41.28)；aAu(HS)_2~- = 10~(-9.64)，aAuCl_2~- = 10~(-17.86);富含F、Al和Au，贫As、Hg、Zn、Cu和Pb。成矿热液在构造作用的驱动下，上升进入上芒岗断裂上部含水构造破碎带，并与下渗雨水混合而淬冷，形成沿上芒岗断裂呈线状分布的早期硅化石英岩(成矿阶段I)，成矿热液与下渗雨水之比为16:l(成矿阶段I)；继而热液扩散进入下盘破碎带，与白云岩反应，形成矿体下盘的白云石化，水:岩比为193:l(成矿阶段II)。此后成矿热液上升充填裂隙空间，由于热传导而缓慢冷却，成矿体系的温度由189 ℃降为165 ℃，形成含辉锑矿的梳状石英脉(成矿阶段1II)。成矿热液继续上升进入上盘碎屑岩破碎带，停积于构造揉皱的泥质岩，并与之反应，形成上芒岗矿床金矿化的主体—粘占土质矿石，水:岩比为29:1(成矿阶段IV)。最后成矿残液逐渐冷却, 同时伴随C0_2的起泡，形成晚期石英网脉(成矿阶段V)，至此热液金矿化过程结束。由上述可见上芒岗金矿床的成矿作用过程经历了：(初始)成矿热液与下渗大气降水混合(I) → 成矿热液与沙子坡组白云岩反应(II) → 成矿热液缓慢冷却(III) → 成矿热液与勐嘎组泥质岩石反应(IV) → 成矿热液冷却沸腾(V)等5个演化阶段。模拟结果进一步证实了上芒岗金矿床的热液成因。上芒岗金矿床成作用过程化学反应途径数字模拟与地质事实高度吻合，与地球化学研究结果相互印证，再现了上芒岗金矿床的成矿作用过程。由矿床的地质地球化学特征及成矿作用过程化学反应途径模拟结果，归纳出上芒岗金矿床成矿作用过程模型。

Shape from Contour

The problem of using image contours to infer the shapes and orientations of surfaces is treated as a problem of statistical estimation. The basis for solving this problem lies in an understanding of the geometry of contour formation, coupled with simple statistical models of the contour generating process. This approach is first applied to the special case of surfaces known to be planar. The distortion of contour shape imposed by projection is treated as a signal to be estimated, and variations of non-projective origin are treated as noise. The resulting method is then extended to the estimation of curved surfaces, and applied successfully to natural images. Next, the geometric treatment is further extended by relating countour curvature to surface curvature, using cast shadows as a model for contour generation. This geometric relation, combined with a statistical model, provides a measure of goodness-of-fit between a surface and an image contour. The goodness-of-fit measure is applied to the problem of establishing registration between an image and a surface model. Finally, the statistical estimation strategy is experimentally compared to human perception of orientation: human observers' judgements of tilt correspond closely to the estimates produced by the planar strategy.

Voice Performance Evaluation of Street Children From Aracaju, Brazil Using Perceptual-Auditory and Acoustic Analyses

Objective. To compare the voice performance of children involved in street labor with regular children using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses.Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out on 7- to 10-year-old children of both genders. Children from both groups lived with their families and attended school regularly; however, child labor was evident in one group and not the other. A total of 200 potentially eligible street children, assisted by the Child Labor Elimination Programme (PETI), and 400 regular children were interviewed. Those with any vocal discomfort (106, 53% and 90, 22.5%) had their voices assessed for resonance, pitch, loudness, speech rate, maximum phonation time, and other acoustic measurements.Results. A total of 106 street children (study group [SG]) and 90 regular children (control group [CG]) were evaluated. the SG group demonstrated higher oral and nasal resonance, reduced loudness, a lower pitch, and a slower speech rate than the CG. the maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency, and upper harmonics were higher in the SG than the CG. Jitter and shimmer were higher in the CG than the SG.Conclusion. Using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses, we determined that there were differences in voice performance between the two groups, with street children having better quality perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters than regular children. We believe that this is due to the procedures and activities performed by the Child Labor Elimination Program (PETI), which helps children to cope with their living conditions.

In-situ SAXS studies of the morphological changes of an alumina-zirconia-silicate ceramic during its formation

D Le Messurier, R Winter, CM Martin; J Appl Cryst 39 (2006) 589 Sponsorship: EPSRC, CCLRC, Pilkington

An association mapping approach to identify flowering time genes in natural populations of Lolium perenne (L.)

Sk?t, L., Humphreys, M. O., Armstead, I. P., Heywood, S., Sk?t, K. P., Sanderson, R., Thomas, I. D., Chorlton, K. H., & Sackville Hamilton, N. R. (2005). An association mapping approach to identify flowering time genes in natural populations of Lolium perenne (L.). Molecular Breeding, 15(3), 233-245. Sponsorship: BBSRC RAE2008

Distribution patterns of infection with multiple types of human papillomaviruses and their association with risk factors

Background: Infection with multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main risk factors associated with the development of cervical lesions. In this study, cervical samples collected from 1, 810 women with diverse sociocultural backgrounds, who attended to their cervical screening program in different geographical regions of Colombia, were examined for the presence of cervical lesions and HPV by Papanicolau testing and DNA PCR detection, respectively. Principal Findings: The negative binomial distribution model used in this study showed differences between the observed and expected values within some risk factor categories analyzed. Particularly in the case of single infection and coinfection with more than 4 HPV types, observed frequencies were smaller than expected, while the number of women infected with 2 to 4 viral types were higher than expected. Data analysis according to a negative binomial regression showed an increase in the risk of acquiring more HPV types in women who were of indigenous ethnicity (+37.8%), while this risk decreased in women who had given birth more than 4 times (-31.1%), or were of mestizo (-24.6%) or black (-40.9%) ethnicity. Conclusions: According to a theoretical probability distribution, the observed number of women having either a single infection or more than 4 viral types was smaller than expected, while for those infected with 2-4 HPV types it was larger than expected. Taking into account that this study showed a higher HPV coinfection rate in the indigenous ethnicity, the role of underlying factors should be assessed in detail in future studies.